Diagnostic Computer Program Research Articles

INCREASING THE EFFICIENCY OF COMPREHENSIVE ASSESSMENT OF THE FUNCTIONAL STATE OF HIGH-CLASS ATHLETES-PARACHUTISTS IN THE DISCIPLINE DOME ACROBATICS

Dome acrobatics is the most difficult team skydiving discipline. The article is devoted to increasing the effectiveness of assessing the functional state of skydivers, optimizing professional selection for important competitions, and individual adaptation of the training program during training camps and after competitions. A comprehensive assessment of the psychological and functional state of the regulatory systems (central nervous and vegetative) of skydivers using standardized diagnostic computer programs of the Neurosoft-Polyspectr 8E complex (Russia) is supplemented by a method patented by the authors for assessing the professional suitability of specialists in dangerous professions to work in extreme conditions. The integrative index of professional fitness for extreme activities (STI) allows you to evaluate the effectiveness of training and predict sports results in extreme disciplines, including dome acrobatics. Based on the dynamics of STIs, an individual correction of the functional indicators of skydivers is carried out.

Examination, diagnostic chart, and computer-aided diagnosis of partially edentulous patient

Examination and diagnostic charts of previous studies had concentrated on certain factors and ignored others, which affect on the suggestion and sequence of sound treatment plans besides that several different computer programs have been developed to aid in dental decision making. The goals of this paper were to prepare a diagnostic chart especially for partially edentulous patients, that help dentists make decisions in terms of diagnosis and treatment planning by using visual basic version 5.0 to design a special program for this study to improve patient care by helping the dentist make better decisions in vastly increasing field of knowledge in dentistry to help dentist for future research about the most popular and complex diseases and how to treat it, to help other Ministries, Ministry of higher education, and Ministry of health and special clinician in the application of Removable Prosthetic Diagnostic computer Program (RPDcP). A program was designed specially for this study by using visual basic version 5.0.This program contains (41) program forms, (255 fields) of examination and diagnosis of partially edentulous patients. The program was applied clinically. The results were statistically analyzed by using principal component analysis and linear combination to explain the whole variation to the original data. The program had capabilities of production, storage, retrieval, scanning, browsing to permit integration of other documents or pictorial representations.

P2840Discrimination between sinus rhythm and atrial fibrillation/flutter: reliability of seven different built-in automatic-diagnostic computer programs in a cohort of >2000 12-lead electrocardiograms

Abstract Introduction Atrial fibrillation and flutter (AF/AFl) are the more common sustained arrhythmias in the elderly. ESC guidelines underline the need for large-scale screening strategies, especially to improve primary prevention of thromboembolic complications. However, the current gold-standard for identification of AF/AFl is a 12-lead ECG reviewed by an appropriately trained physician. The availability of automatic discrimination between AF/AFl and sinus rhythm (SR) by automatic- diagnostic computer programs (ACP) implemented in current 12-lead ECG recorders is a possible solution to improve this process. Aim To assess the reliability and agreement of the main world-wide available ACPs implemented in current 12-lead ECG recorders in discriminating between AF/AFl vs. SR in a large dataset of real-world ECGs. Methods We assessed seven ECG interpretation programs from seven different manufacturers (GE 12SL, Glasgow, MEANS, Midmark, Mortara VERITAS, Philips DXL and Schiller). We created a large set of representative ECGs converted from previously recorded digital ECGs acquired with equipment that complied with the requirements of International Electrotechnical Commission standard IEC 60601–2-51:2003 and were representative of those in hospital settings. We excluded ECGs from pacemaker carriers. We used a specific device for playing back ECGs to 12-lead ECG recorders implementing the seven programs. Each statement from automatic diagnosis provided by each device was recorded and combined appropriately for the purpose of this analysis: identification of AF/AFl vs. SR. Gold standard was built by independent re-assessment by three different reviewers. Results We collected 2064 10s 12-lead ECGs with SR (1882) or AF/AFl (182) that were analyzed by seven different ACP. ECG's with other arrhythmias were excluded for this analysis (to increase transferability of the results). All seven programs agreed on SR in 1645 (87.4%) and AF/AFl in 139 cases (76.4%) (Figure 1, panel A). In 280 cases (13.6%), at least one program did not agree with the others. After revision by cardiologists 237 were found to be SR and 43 AF/AFl. Sensitivity for AF/AFl ranged between 90%-97% and false positive diagnosis ranged between 3.4% and 0.4%. Notably, the chance of obtaining at least a wrong diagnosis from one device was 280/2064 (13.6%), with a number of possible false AF/AFl greater than real prevalence of AF/AFl (Figure 1, panel B). Figure 1 Conclusions Despite a general good reliability of each single ACP for AF/AFl recognition the chance of between-device discordance is not negligible and the risk of false positive automatic diagnosis of AF/AFl should be considered when managing real-world patients especially when deciding to start oral anticoagulation.

ОЦІНКА ХАРАКТЕРУ ПСИХОМОТОРНОЇ АКТИВНОСТІ ТА ФІЗИЧНОГО РОЗВИТКУ ОРГАНІЗМУ В ОСІБ ЮНАЦЬКОГО ВІКУ

Характер психомоторної активності індивідуума визначається, насамперед, генетикою, моделюється умовами середовища є вагомим фактором успішності адаптації людини до умов життя. Особливо активно специфіка нейродинамікивпливає на формування адаптаційних реакцій у дитячому і підлітковому віці, зокрема в процесі навчання.Мета дослідження – вивчити ефективність психомоторних реакцій і загального рівня фізичного розвитку осіб юнацького віку, які займаються одним видом навчальної діяльності.Матеріали і методи. Проведено дослідження працездатності серцево-судинної і респіраторної систем, ряду антропометричних показників, процесів збудження і гальмування, сенсомоторних реакцій. Використані комплексні діагностичні комп’ютерні програми “Фізіолог”, “Вимірювання простої слухо-моторної реакції “Reaction-Test”. В ході роботи було обстежено 87 практично здорових осіб юнацького віку.Результати досліджень та їх обговорення. За результатами дослідження, 83,3 % обстежених мають середньосильну нервову систему і лише 16,7 % – середньослабку. За результатами тепінг-тесту, в 75 % обстежених лабільність нервової системи є високою, у 25 % – середній рівень лабільності. Дослідження працездатності серцево-судинної системи показало, що 54 % осіб мають середній рівень індексу Руф’є, 26 % – задовільний, а 11 і 9 % обстежених – відповідно високий і низький рівні фізичної працездатності. За результатами оцінки функції зовнішнього дихання встановлено, що в середньому по групі час затримки дихання при першій спробі становив (40,40±8,60) с – це нижня межа норми для нетренованих людей. Час виконання другої проби відповідає нормі – (18,20±2,17) с, але тривалість третьої фази на (5,00±1,80) с менша від норми – (30±4,50) с.Висновки. Встановлено, що у 83,3 % обстежених середньосильна нервова система, при цьому достатньо високий рівень її лабільності. Швидкий розвиток збудження і гальмування (в межах норми) сприяє успішності перебігу когнітивних процесів. Працездатність нервової і кардіореспіраторної систем в більшості обстежених відповідає середньому рівню. Показники фізичного розвитку й ефективність психомоторних реакцій знаходяться в межах вікової норми. Однак відновлення функціональних можливостей респіраторної системи та показники працездатності серцево-судинної системи в 9 % осіб групи знаходяться на нижній межі норми, що відповідним чином впливає на якість їх адаптаційних можливостей.

A preliminary report of the dopamine receptor D4 and the dopamine transporter 1 gene polymorphism and its association with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most prevalent childhood-onset psychiatric syndromes affecting 5%-10% of school-age children worldwide. Distortions in the catecholaminergic system seem to be responsible for this condition. Within this system there are several candidate genes, the dopamine receptor D(4) (DRD4) and the dopamine transporter 1 (DAT1), with common polymorphism which might be associated with ADHD. We performed a family based association study with 36 trios and 19 parent proband pairs. All diagnoses were confirmed by the "Hypescheme" diagnostic computer program. In this study we did not observe an association of ADHD with DRD4 and DAT1 polymorphism neither by the haplotype relative risk (HRR) method nor by the transmission disequilibrium test (TdT) method. The odds ratio for the DRD4 7-allele was 1.01 and 0.94 for both statistical tests, respectively, and the respective odds ratio for the DAT1 6-allele were 0.91 and 0.88.

신경회로망을 이용한 가스터빈 엔진의 지능형 성능진단에 관한 연구

An intelligent performance diagnostic computer program of a gas turbine using the NN(Neural Network) was developed. Recently on-condition performance monitoring of major gas path components using the GPA(Gas path Analysis) method has been performed in analyzing of engine faults. However because the types and severities of engine faults are various and complex, it is not easy that all fault conditions of the engine would be monitored only by the GPA approach. Therefore in order to solve this problem, application of using the NNs for learning and diagnosis would be required. Among them, a BPN (Back Propagation Neural Network) with one hidden layer, which can use an updating learning rate, was proposed for diagnostics of PT6A-62 turboprop engine in this work. In this study, in order to facilitate application of the NNs as well as to provide user-friendly circumstance a performance diagnostic computer code using MATLAB® was newly proposed. As a result, not only more precise and prompt analysis results could be obtained due to use of the toolbox in MATLAB® on diagnosis and numerical analysis, but also the GUI (Graphical User Interface) platform could be realized. The proposed engine diagnostics system is able to train the BPN with each fault pattern and then construct the total training network by assembling the trained BPNs. Database for network learning and test was constructed using a gas turbine performance simulation program. In order to investigate reliability on construction of database for diagnostic results, an analysis was performed with 5 combination cases of 40 fault patterns. Finally a diagnostic application example for the PT6A-62 turboprop engine was performed using the trained network with database, which represented the best diagnostic results among test sets.

A review of Iliad and Quick Medical Reference for primary care providers. Two diagnostic computer programs

Two diagnostic computer programs, Iliad (Applied Informatics Inc, Salt Lake City, Utah) and Quick Medical Reference (Camdat Corp, Pittsburgh, Pa), are commercially available. Both describe a large subset of internal medicine diseases. These programs, also called knowledge bases, have different structures and diagnostic methods and emphasize somewhat different experimental observations regarding problem solving and expert diagnostic behavior. Quick Medical Reference has more diverse reference features and emphasizes diagnostic competitors (diseases that explain similar features in a case). Iliad has better developed teaching features and emphasizes a probabilistic approach. The histories and methods of these programs place various constraints on their diagnostic capabilities, especially from a primary care perspective. Although neither program is currently likely to fill the role of an expert diagnostic consultant for a family practitioner, both have potential as unique reference and teaching tools in primary care.

Risk factors for depression in elderly people: a prospective study.

In 1982-1983 a random sample of 1486 people aged 65 years and above was generated from general practitioner lists; 1070 were interviewed in the community using the Geriatric Mental State and a Social History questionnaire. The cohort was followed up by interview 3 years later. At year 3 the diagnostic computer program AGECAT diagnosed 44 incident cases of depression. Information from the depressed group's initial and further interviews was compared with a control group (which excluded cases of affective or organic mental illness). Univariate analysis yielded three factors that were significantly associated with the development of depression 3 years later: a lack of satisfaction with life; feelings of loneliness; and smoking. Multivariate analysis confirmed their independent effects and revealed 2 further factors attaining significance: female gender and a trigger factor, bereavement of a close figure within 6 months of the third-year diagnosis. Some other factors traditionally associated with depression, such as poor housing, marital status and living alone, failed to attain significance as risk factors.

Evaluation of ECG Interpretation Results Obtained by Computer and Cardiologists

In an international project investigators from 25 institutes are trying to establish a common reference library and evaluation methods for testing the diagnostic performance of various ECG computer programs and of cardiologists, based on ECG-independent clinical information. A first set of 500 validated ECGs was collected and analyzed by fifteen different computer programs and nine cardiologists, seven of who analysed the ECG and five the VCG. A coding scheme was used to map individual diagnostic statements onto a common set. Combined program and referee results were obtained by weighted averaging. Preliminary results indicate that the classification accuracy of several programs can still be improved. However, it was also apparent that the results of the best 12-lead ECG computer programs proved to be almost as accurate as the best of seven cardiologists in classifying seven main disease categories, i.e., normal, left, right and biventricular hypertrophy, anterior, inferior and combined myocardial infarction. Evaluation of rhythm statements and conduction disturbances was not included in the study. The data collection is still being pursued in order to reach over 1,000 cases. In this way a common diagnostic database is being established for comparative testing of diagnostic computer programs. This should lead to consumer protection and improve the accuracy and reliability of computerized electrocardiography.

Identification of psychrotrophic pseudomonads from goats' milk by computer-assisted analysis of carbon source assimilation data.

The results of carbon source assimilation tests on a group of psychrotrophic pseudomonas were compared with published data for established Pseudomonas taxa, using computer-assisted numerical taxonomic analysis and a modified diagnostic computer program. Several phenons were not grouped at the biovar level by numerical taxonomic analysis. Identification of strains by the diagnostic program revealed heterogeneity among those in the unassigned phenons, and supported a continuum concept among the fluorescent pseudomonads.

Affective disorders and mortality. A general population study.

A 16-year prospective study of a general population sample indicates that those who had reported a depression and/or anxiety disorder at baseline experienced 1.5 times the number of deaths expected on the basis of rates for a large reference population. As part of the Stirling County Study (Canada), the information was gathered from 1003 adults through structured interviews and was analyzed by means of a diagnostic computer program. The risk for mortality was assessed using external and internal standards, controlling for the effects of age and sex as well as for the presence of self-reported physical disorders at baseline. Increased risk was found to be significantly associated with affective but not physical disorders and with depression but not generalized anxiety. When this evidence about mortality was combined with information about subsequent psychiatric morbidity among survivors, 82% of those who were depressed at baseline had a poor outcome.

Flame development in swirling flows in closed vessels

Cylinder charge motion is thought to be the most practical means of improving combustion rates in spark ignition engines so as to lead to greater fuel economy. The motion can broadly be classified into two types: turbulence and swirl. This paper describes the results of an investigation into how swirl in a propane-air gas mixture affects flame development in spark initiated, closed vessel explosions with a view to subsequent application in engines. The work has been performed in three vessels: 1. i. a large cylindrical perspex container (aspect ratio 42:20) rotating about its axis; 2. ii. a disk-shaped container (aspect ratio 3:20) of the same geometry as a simple engine combustion chamber at TDC, rotating about its axis; and 3. iii. the large container fitted with an inner cylinder, which was kept stationary or counterrotated. Variables investigated were rotation speeds, radial ignition positions, and mixture strengths, and the explosions were characterized with the aid of high speed photographs, pressure records, and photometry of light emitted in the flame front. The results in the large container indicate two features of combustion: 1. (a) for centrally ignited flames, an elongation of the flame shape in the axial direction, enhanced by increasing rotation speeds, by central ignition, and by greater leanness of the mixture; and 2. (b) a centripetal force for flames ignited off-axis, driving the flame into the center of the vessel away from the circumferential walls. A criterion is developed for predicting the critical rotation speeds above which the flame will not be quenched by the vessel walls until very late in off-center ignition explosions. The disk container results show that swirl enhances off-center ignition combustion but in certain circumstances adversely affects centrally ignited explosions. These results are shown to be compatible with those in the large container, and also give indications of how the flame might be expected to behave in a real engine. The effect of shear flow in the annular gap between two concentric rotating cylinders is examined both experimentally and theoretically (using a diagnostic computer program). The results of the computer program indicate that significant distortion of the flame can occur, the experiments subsequently confirming the general flame shapes predicted by the program. Finally, the use of the photomultiplier to measure flame areas in closed vessel explosions is demonstrated and the specific rate of growth of flame area is measured and compared in both laminar and turbulent shear flows. The results give a tentative indication that the rate of shear in the flow is more important in enhancing combustion than whether the flow is laminar or turbulent.

The testing of relational indexing procedures by diagnostic computer programs

Information retrieval in a relational indexing system has been tested by means of a suite of computer programs which will carry out searches in a variety of ways, with, on demand, detailed diagnostic feedback at any stage. The performance of the system can thus be evaluated as a 'system' separately from user judgments of the output. Details of the programming are described. Some initial results are discussed with respect to strengths and possible weaknesses of the system.

Phases of psychopathology after assassination.

An Arabic man who assassinated a prominent American politician was tested with the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory six weeks and five months after the crime. Analysis of both tests by a psychiatric diagnostic computer program revealed a schizo-affective psychosis with paranoid features. The authors recommend the computer method of diagnosis for medicolegal cases in which public opinion has been aroused and the specialist's objectivity may be impaired.

Medical diagnosis: Comparison of human and computer logic

Questionnaires describing four logical methods by which a patient's signs and symptoms can be translated into a diagnostic impression were administered to medical students and housestaff physicians. Two of the methods have been successfully used by diagnostic computer programs; two have not. Ninety per cent of the responders to the survey indicated that they used one or both of the logical systems which have not been successfully adapted to computer diagnosis.

Automating Judgmental Decision Making for a Serious Medical Problem

A decision theory model of the diagnosis and treatment of a serious medical condition, acute renal failure, has been implemented as part of a study of automated judgmental decision-making. An interactive diagnostic computer program was used to test the model. This program employs formal decision procedures and the subjective assessment of likelihoods and preferences of experts to analyze the diagnostic/treatment problem. The program's success in duplicating the decisions of expert clinicians in about 90 per cent of the cases used indicates that the method of analysis is not only a convenient structure for theoretically describing diagnosis and treatment, but that it is potentially a practical way of analyzing such decision problems.