Diagnosis Of Skin Tumors Research Articles

The Application of Mohs Micrographic Surgery in the Treatment of Acral Basal Cell Carcinoma: A Report of Two Cases

Background/Objectives: Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) is a precise skin surgery technique that is particularly useful in the treatment of high-risk skin cancers and tumors located in challenging anatomical areas. Methods: we report two cases of basal cell carcinoma located in the acral areas effectively treated using MMS. Results: the presented cases demonstrate that MMS is an excellent surgical modality providing outstanding medical, cosmetic, and functional outcomes. Moreover, this study provides another dermoscopic presentation of acral basal cell carcinoma in a patient without the diagnosis of hereditary genetic syndromes associated with an increased risk of skin cancer. Conclusions: basal cell carcinoma located on hands and feet, albeit rare, should be included in the differential diagnosis of amelanotic skin tumors in acral areas.

The potential of x-ray virtual histology in the diagnosis of skin tumors.

Histopathological analysis represents the gold standard in clinical practice for diagnosing skin neoplasms. While the current diagnostic workflow has specialized in producing robust and accurate results, interpreting tissue architecture and malignant cellular morphology correctly remains one of the greatest challenges for pathologists. This paper aims to explore the prospect of applying x-ray virtual histology to human skin tumor excisions and correlating it with the histological validation. Seven skin biopsies containing intriguing melanoma types and pigmented skin lesions were scanned using x-ray Computed micro-Tomography (μCT) and then sectioned for conventional histology assessment. The tissue microarchitecture reconstructed by μCT offers detailed insights into diagnosing the malignancy or benignity of the skin lesions. Three-dimensional reconstruction via x-ray virtual histology reveals infiltrative patterns in basal cell carcinoma and evaluated invasiveness in melanoma. The technology enables the identification of pagetoid distributions of neoplastic cells and the assessment of melanoma depth in three dimensions. Although the proposed approach is not intended to replace conventional histology, the non-destructive nature of the sample and the clarity provided by virtual inspection demonstrate the promising impact of μCT as a valid support method prior to conventional histological sectioning. Indeed, μCT images can suggest the optimal sectioning position before using a microtome, as is commonly performed in histological practice. Moreover, the three-dimensional nature of the proposed approach paves the way for a more accurate assessment of significant prognostic factors in melanoma, such as Breslow thickness, by considering the whole micro-volume rather than a two-dimensional observation.

Use of HSP105 in the Differential Diagnosis of Basaloid Skin Tumors: A Study of 73 Cases.

Basaloid skin tumors include subtypes of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and the basaloid variant of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Due to their similarity in pathology and clinical presentation, their diagnosis is not straightforward. The aim of this study was to analyze the immunohistochemical expression of HSP105 in basaloid skin tumors, which include BCC, basosquamous carcinoma (BSC), metatypical basal cell carcinoma (MBCC), basaloid squamous cell carcinoma (BSCC), BCC with squamous differentiation as well as conventional SCC. This retrospective study included 17 cases of BCC, 11 cases of BSC, 8 instances of MBCC, 10 cases of BCC with squamous differentiation, 8 cases of BSCC, and 19 cases of SCC. Their clinical characteristics were summarized, and the paraffin blocks of tumor biopsy specimens were collected for HSP105 immunostaining. In contrast to the BCC group, which stained predominantly negative, SCC stained diffusely positive for HSP105. BSCs showed some areas of HSP105 positivity with a transitional expression signature. HSP105 was only weakly positive in a few cases of MBCC. Although BSCC was stained positive for HSP105, the HSCORE was significantly lower than that of the classic SCC. In BCC with squamous differentiation, focal staining for HSP105 was only seen in the area of squamous differentiation. There was a difference in immunohistochemical staining of HSP105 in basaloid skin tumors which helps in differential diagnosis. Differentiation between BCC, SCC, BSCC, MBCC, and BCC with squamous differentiation can be aided by immunohistochemistry using HSP105.

Artificial Intelligence (Neural Network) in the Diagnosis of Benign Skin Tumors in Pediatric Patients

Relevance: ten years ago, artificial intelligence (AI), particularly neural networks (NN), as a diagnostic option in practice seemed a distant prospect. Today, the use of AI is becoming an increasingly popular and daily improving approach in all aspects of clinical and fundamental medicine. Purpose: design and learning of a NN to recognize four types of benign melanocytic skin tumors, integration into a mobile app to apply in practice. Material and methods: сlinical and dermatoscopic analysis of skin tumors was carried out in 600 children. In 65 cases the tumors were removed. Histological types were dermal nevus – 43% (n=28), complex nevus - 33.8% (n=22), pyogenic granuloma - 10.8% (n=7), Spitz-nevus - 6.2% (n=4), blue nevus - 3.1% (n=2), melanoma - 3.1% (n=2). Seven patients with pyogenic granulomas and two patients with melanoma were excluded. The test set included 56 dermatoscopic images. Due to the small number of images augmentation was performed. The database has been increased from 600 images to 1800. NN is written in the machine language Python. The machine learning framework was TensorFlow 2.0. The network architecture is based on the pre-trained model “EfficientNet B7”. This model uses the “supervised learning” paradigm. Each element of the sample had a class affiliation. Results: an accuracy of 83% was achieved after a period of learning on the test set. Mathematical metrics calculated in the Scikit-learn library. Sensitivity was 100% (blue nevus), 73% (complex nevus), 93% (dermal nevus), 75% (Spitz-nevus), and specificity were 98%; 94%; 82%; 98%, respectively. AI was integrated into the mobile app “KIDS NEVI”. Conclusion: AI as an auxiliary method for the skin tumors diagnosis in children and adolescents has demonstrated high potential and great opportunities. Dermatoscopic analysis of a skin tumor and a mobile app are able to provide “double control”, quick and correct clinical diagnosis and determination treatment tactics.

Clinicopathological study of skin tumors

Background: The diagnosis of skin tumors can cause difficulties due to their wide variety of overlapping differentiation and complicated nomenclature. Histopathological study is the most valuable means of diagnosis. Keeping in view these facts, an attempt is made to study the different varieties of tumors of the skin. Aims and Objectives: (1) The aim of this study was to study the histomorphology of different skin tumors with ancillary technique necessary and to correlate with the clinical features. (2) To find the proportion of various skin tumors. (3) To classify and identify various skin tumors and study its variation according to age, sex, site, etc., which will bear an impact on patient management and prognosis. Materials and Methods: This observational study included all cases of skin tumors received in the Department of Pathology, Kottayam Medical College, during a period of 1 year. Biopsy samples were collected, fixed in 10% formalin, processed and embedded in paraffin blocks, and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H and E). The stained sections were studied under a microscope and histopathological diagnosis was correlated with clinical diagnosis. Results: Out of the 227 cases of skin tumors, 102 (44.9%) were male and 125 (55.1%) were female. The incidence of skin tumors peaks in individuals older than 60 years of age. The most common sites affected were face (40%). Keratinocytic tumors constituted the largest proportion of tumors (43%), followed by melanocytic tumors (31%), soft-tissue tumors (13%), appendage tumors (11%), neural (1%), and hematolymphoid tumors (1%). Conclusion: Out of the 227 cases in the present study, the clinical diagnosis of only 169 cases was correlating with the histopathological diagnosis. This emphasizes the role of microscopy in the correct diagnosis of skin tumors.

Computer-aided diagnosis of eyelid skin tumors using machine learning

ObjectiveTo develop an automated, new framework based on machine learning to diagnose malignant eyelid skin tumors. MethodsThis study used eyelid lesion images from Sheba Medical Center, a large tertiary center in Israel. Before model training, we pretrained our models on the International Skin Imaging Collaboration (ISIC) 2019 dataset consisting of 25,332 images. The proprietary eyelid data set was then used for fine-tuning. The data set contained multiple images per patient, aiming to classify malignant lesions in comparison to benign counterparts. ResultsThe analyzed data set consisted of images representing both benign and malignant eyelid lesions. For the benign category, a total of 373 images were sourced. By comparison, for the malignant category, 186 images were sourced. For the final model, at sensitivity of 93.8% (95% CI 80.0–100.0%), the model has a corresponding specificity of 73.7% (95% CI 60.0–87.1%). To further understand the decision-making process of our model, we employed heatmap visualization techniques, specifically gradient-weighted Class Activation Mapping. DiscussionThis study introduces a dependable model-aided diagnostic technology for assessing eyelid skin lesions. The model demonstrated accuracy comparable to human evaluation, effectively determining whether a lesion raises a high suspicion of malignancy or is benign. Such a model has the potential to alleviate the burden on the health care system, particularly benefiting rural areas, and enhancing the efficiency of clinicians and overall health care.

Analysis of the consistency of doctors’ opinions in the assessment of dermatoscopic images of actinic keratosis, Bowen’s disease, keratoacanthoma and squamous cell cancer

Background. Squamous cell skin cancer (SCSC) is the most dangerous tumor of all non-melanocytic skin neoplasms due to its aggressive course with destructive growth and frequent metastasis. Another characteristic feature of SCSC is the presence of precancerous conditions such as actinic keratosis, arsenic keratosis and PUVA-keratosis. In the gradual increase in the degree of keratinocyte dysplasia to the development of invasive forms of skin malignancies, the following continuum of diseases can be distinguished: actinic keratosis — Bowen’s disease — keratoacanthoma — SCSC. Dermatoscopic signs of each of the listed nosologies can also occur in other diseases of this chain, which can complicate diagnosis and lead to erroneous patient management tactics. Aim. To determine the consistency of dermatologists’ opinions in assessing dermatoscopic images of actinic keratosis, Bowen’s disease, keratoacanthoma and SCSC, depending on work experience. Methods. The study was conducted on the basis of the Scientific and Practical Center for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Skin Tumors of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution “PIMU” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. Based on the literature data, we compiled a generalized list of possible dermatoscopic signs of actinic keratosis, Bowen’s disease, keratoacanthoma, SCSC and analyzed dermatoscopic images of 85 elements of actinic keratosis, 28 — of Bowen’s disease, 10 — of keratoacanthoma and 24 — of SCSC. 10 dermatovenerologists participated in the study, half of whom (Group 1) had experience in the field of dermatoscopy for more than 4 years, and the other half (Group 2) — for less than 4 years. Results. The study reveals statistically significant deviations in the frequencies of dermatoscopic signs between the two groups of specialists when analyzing images of actinic keratosis and Bowen’s disease. Differences in the frequency of detection of keratoacanthoma and SCSC signs between specialists with more than 4 years of experience in the field of dermatoscopy and less than 4 years’ experience have not been found. Conclusion. Taking into account the average number of signs, the statistically justified result of the analysis is the inference that the average group frequencies in Group 1 and Group 2 are equal. The conclusion is that the opinions of specialists in the field of dermatoscopy are highly consistent, regardless of work experience. This indicates the high diagnostic value of the method, despite its subjective nature.

BT40 A case of low-grade angiosarcoma of the face: is teledermatology effective in early diagnosis of rare skin tumours?

BT40 A case of low-grade angiosarcoma of the face: is teledermatology effective in early diagnosis of rare skin tumours?

Delay in Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma Diagnosis Due to Interrupted Services Is Associated with Worse Prognoses and Modified Surgical Approaches.

The delayed diagnosis of skin tumors is associated with a worsened prognosis. The impact of the interruption of clinical and surgical health services during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns has been documented among many pathologies. The impact of delayed diagnoses on patients with cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (cSCCs) is poorly defined. To compare patient and lesion characteristics and the surgical management of excised cSCCs prior to the pandemic shutdown of services (2018-2019) with the phase following the pandemic's second wave (2021-2022). An observational, single-center, cross-sectional study of 416 surgically excised cSCCs over the course of two years was performed. Only patients with histologically confirmed cSCC were enrolled. Data collection included patient demographics and lesion characteristics, time to surgery, surgical approach, and histological data. More cSCC lesions were excised prior to the interruption of services (n = 312 vs. n = 186). Lesions were significantly larger (1.7 ± 1.2 vs. 2.1 ± 1.5 cm; p = 0.006) and more invasive (52% vs. 89%; p < 0.001), in the period 2021-2022. Surgical reconstructive techniques were significantly different (p = 0.001). Metastatic involvement was confirmed in three subjects (one in 2018-2019 and two in 2021-2022). There were no significant differences in the time to surgery or patient characteristics. Multivariable regression analysis identified a 4.7-times higher risk of tumor invasion (OR 4.69, 95%CI 2.55-8.16, p < 0.001), a two-times higher chance of dermo-epidermal grafts (OR 2.06, 95%CI 1.09-3.88, p = 0.025), and a 3.2-times higher risk of positive surgical margins (OR 3.21, 95%CI 1.44-7.17, p = 0.004). Diagnostic delays of cutaneous SCCs associated with reduced patient access to clinical and diagnostic services are associated with a 4.7-times increased risk of more severe invasion, a three-times increased risk of positive surgical margins, and a significant impact on surgical management, compared to the pre-pandemic period. Comparable patient cohort characteristics and time to surgery remained unchanged.

Expression of Early Growth Response 3 in Skin Cancers.

To assess the expression of early growth response 3 (EGR3) in normal skin and different types of skin tumors: cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC), basal cell carcinoma (BCC), melanoma (MM), and cutaneous adnexal tumors containing sebaceous carcinoma (SC), trichoepithelioma (TE) and clear cell hidradenoma (CCH). EGR3, expressed in multiple organs, including skin, plays an important role in cell differentiation and tumor growth. Previous studies have shown that EGR3 suppresses tumor growth and is downregulated in various malignancies. However, its distribution in normal skin and its expression especially in skin tumors have not been studied. Samples of normal cases (n = 4), cSCC (n = 12), BCC (n = 12), MM (n = 12), SC (n = 4), TE (n = 4), and CCH (n = 4) were collected from patients treated in our department between 2018 and 2023. Immunohistochemistry was used to investigate the expression of EGR3. The results were analyzed with the description of the staining pattern and the histochemical score. Immunohistochemical staining showed that EGR3 was uniquely expressed in normal skin in the granular layer and upper part of the stratum spinosum, as well as in sebaceous glands and hair follicles, but not in sweat glands. In skin cancers, BCC, SC, and TE showed positive EGR3 staining, whereas cSCC, MM, and CCH were negative. EGR3 has a specific expression pattern in normal skin and in skin tumors, which is important for the differential diagnosis of skin tumors, in particular for cSCC and sebaceous gland carcinoma.

Factors for Improving Diagnosis of Skin Tumors

Factors for Improving Diagnosis of Skin Tumors

Incidence and Morphological Variations of Skin Tumors in Benghazi

Skin is the largest, most complicated organ in the body and it covers the body's entire external surface, that’s why skin diseases are one of the most difficult ailments to adjust to because of its ugliness and related problems. 10-20% of patients seeking medical guidance have skin diseases or complaints, skin conditions are prevalent across all parts of the world. The objective of this study is to evaluate the incidence of different skin histopathological benign tumors and their variations according to age, sex, clinical presentation, and site, and make comparisons with other studies. This retrospective study was conducted from January 2018 until February 2020, and this study included all cases with histological diagnosis of various skin tumors. Approval to handle all specimens for scientific research has been assured by the high graduate and university ethics committee. Out of 124 cases, the prevalence of benign tumors was the most common skin disease (79.83%), while malignant skin tumors were the least common skin diseases in this study (20.16%). However, the peak age group in benign skin tumors is 41-60 years, and in malignant skin tumors peak age is 61-80 years. We concluded that there was a significant relation between age, gender, clinical presentation, and site with different types of skin tumors, so histopathology is the most valuable means of diagnosis of skin diseases and a good guide for proper management.

Онлайн-обучение врачей неонкологических специальностей по профилактике и ранней диагностике злокачественных новообразований кожи.

One of the reasons for the late diagnosis of malignant skin neoplasms (hereinafter referred to as MNS) is the insufficient knowledge of doctors in non-oncology specialties [1], [2]. The sensitivity for recognizing cutaneous melanoma (hereinafter referred to as MNS) during a visual examination by primary care physicians is 40,2% [3]. The sensitivity of recognizing MNS for an inexperienced dermatologist is 69%, compared to the sensitivity of diagnosing MNS by an experienced dermatologist is 92% [4]. Also, the reason for the late diagnosis of MNS is an insufficiently complete examination of patients. Evidence suggests that doctors do not routinely offer full body mole screening. Up to 63% of patients diagnosed with MK visited their GP in the year before diagnosis. Only 30% of dermatologists perform a full body skin examination on all of their patients [5]. Thus, an important method is the education of doctors of non-oncology specialties in the form of training programs in the principles of early diagnosis of cancer, which in turn can help improve the oncological epidemiological situation [9]. The purpose of this study is to study the effectiveness of organizing an 8-hour online training aimed at raising the awareness of nononcology doctors on the prevention and early diagnosis of cancer. Material and methods. An 8-hour online course «Early diagnosis of skin tumors» was conducted for doctors, created by a group of authors on the platform «Personal Account of a Doctor at the Volga Research Medical University.» The training course included the following issues: risk factors for MK and other cancers, a description of the diagnostic algorithm using the ABCDE method with an illustration of each sign on photographic images, differential diagnosis of skin tumors, prevention with an emphasis on protection from ultraviolet radiation. The course used 82 photographs of MNS. The illustrated material consisted of 30 images of MK, 25 images of basal cell skin cancer (BCSC), 15 images of seborrheic keratoma of the skin, 12 images of skin hemangiomas. Conclusion. As a result of online training, one can note an improvement in the level of knowledge of doctors after completing an online course aimed at the prevention and early diagnosis of cervical cancer. Increasing the specificity of diagnosing nevi (0,846, 0,953) before and after, respectively, can help reduce costs in the “secondary level” of healthcare. The topic of prevention presented in the course also contributes to conducting preventive conversations with patients and correct patient routing. Thus, conducting online training has a number of advantages and shows good learning results. The diagnostic methods discussed in the course, aimed at clarifying the diagnosis of cancer, especially in the early stages of the disease, predetermine the choice of optimal treatment tactics and are the key to ensuring the best prognosis of the disease.

Dermoscopic Diagnosis of a Non-Pigmented Skin Tumor: Eccrine Poroma

Dear Editor, Eccrine poroma stands as a benign adnexal neoplasm that originates from the acrosyringium. It typically emerges as solitary, flesh-colored, or erythematous papules, plaques, or nodules, primarily appearing in areas with sweat glands. As well as pigmented lesions, dermoscopy has proven to enhance the clinical diagnosis of numerous non-pigmented skin tumors, including eccrine poroma. Herein we present a case of eccrine poroma located on the dorsal aspect of the left foot, with characteristic dermoscopic features. A 60-year-old woman was admitted with an asymptomatic lesion on the dorsum of her left foot, which had manifested approximately four years before. Clinically, the lesion presented as a well-circumscribed, violaceous, 0.9x0.9 cm papule (Figure 1a). Dermoscopic examination revealed flower-like and leaf-like vascular patterns, white interlacing areas, glomerular vessels, and milky red globules (Figures 1c-d). The lesion was excised and histopathologic findings were consistent with eccrine poroma (Figure 1b). Eccrine poroma (EP) is an adnexal tumor originating in the intraepidermal part of the eccrine sweat gland duct. Dermoscopy and histopathology help to differentiate EP from pyogenic granuloma, seborrheic keratosis, verruca vulgaris, basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and amelanotic melanoma. Well-defined dermoscopic features in EP are: White interlacing areas around vessels, milky-red globules, flower-like and leaf-like vascular patterns, glomerular vessels, hairpin vessels, yellow structureless areas, poorly visualized vessels, and well-circumscribed globular or lacuna-like structures separated by white to pink mesh bands [1-3]. Histologically, EP manifests as a well-contained tumor constituted of proliferative cuboidal or poroid cells, often extending from the basal epidermis into the dermal layer. Shave, electrosurgical destruction or simple excision may be the treatment of lesions, depending on the depth of the lesion. Kind Regards

Dermoscopy of Cutaneous Neoplasms in Skin of Color - A Systematic review by the International Dermoscopy Society "Imaging in Skin of Color" Task Force.

Over the last few decades, dermoscopy has been showed to facilitate the non-invasive diagnosis of both benign and malignant skin tumors, yet literature data mainly comes from studies on light photo-types. However, there is growing evidence that skin neoplasms may benefit from dermoscopic assessment even for skin of color. This systematic literature review evaluated published data in dark-skinned patients (dermoscopic features, used setting, pathological correlation, and level of evidence of studies), also providing a standardized and homogeneous terminology for reported dermoscopic findings. A total of 20 articles describing 46 different tumors (four melanocytic neoplasms, eight keratinocytic tumors, 15 adnexal cutaneous neoplasms, seven vascular tumors, four connective tissue tumors, and eight cystic neoplasms/others) for a total of 1724 instances were included in the analysis. Most of them showed a level of evidence of V (12 single case reports and six case series), with only two studies featuring a level of evidence of IV (case-control analysis). Additionally, this review also underlined that some neoplasms and phototypes are underrepresented in published analyses as they included only small samples and mainly certain tones of "dark skin" spectrum (especially phototype IV). Therefore, further studies considering such limitations are required for a better characterization.

Dermoscopy of cutaneous sarcoidosis: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundAlthough traditionally used for the diagnosis of skin tumors, in the past few years dermoscopy as a clinical diagnostic aid for inflammatory and infectious skin manifestations has also received more and more attention. The clinical variability of cutaneous sarcoidosis (CS) often makes its correct diagnosis challenging. Dermoscopy can be used as an auxiliary examination method. ObjectiveOur aim was to evaluate the role of dermoscopy in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of CS. MethodsThis was a retrospective analysis of 39 CS clinical and dermoscopic images collected in the Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital Affiliated with Fudan University from August 2013 to February 2021. ResultsRetrospective dermoscopic evaluation revealed small grouped, translucent orange globular structures in all 39 cases. Variable diameter linear vessels were found in 38 cases. A central scar-like area was seen in 26 cases. Bright white streaks were seen in 30 cases. The follicular plugs were seen in 15 cases. Study limitationsFirst, the number of cutaneous sarcoidosis cases the authors collected is small. Second, due to the lack of a control group, the sensitivity and specificity of the proposed criteria were not calculated. Finally, since our study mainly includes suspicious lesions that were biopsied for diagnostic purposes, there may be a selection bias. ConclusionLesions showing on dermoscopy grouped translucent orange ovoid structures associated with linear vessels should raise the suspicion of CS. Central scar-like areas and bright white streaks are also helpful in the diagnosis of CS.

Clinico-Pathological Profile of Basaloid Skin Tumors-Experience from a Tertiary Care Center of Eastern India.

Basaloid tumors comprise a wide spectrum of benign and malignant tumors like basal cell carcinoma, seborrheic keratosis, pilomatricoma, basosquamous carcinoma, trichoblastoma, and cylindroma. Among them, basal cell carcinoma is the most common type which constitutes about 90% of all malignant skin tumor. This study was aimed at analyzing the clinico-pathological profile of basaloid skin tumors attending radiotherapy and surgery OPD of our institution and compares them with those of the reported literature from rest of the country as well as outside world. All cases of basaloid skin tumors presented at radiotherapy, surgery, and dermatology OPD between January 2020 and June 2021 with or without a histological diagnosis were evaluated. Those without a histological diagnosis underwent biopsy and categorized according to standard histological criteria. After histological confirmation, we collected demographic, clinical, and pathological data of the cases. Among 106 patients analyzed, 54.7% (58) cases were diagnosed as basal cell carcinoma followed by seborrheic keratosis (17.9%), pilomatricoma (13.2%), basosquamous carcinoma (9.4%), trichoblastoma (2.8%), and cylindroma (1.8%). Mean age of presentation was 57.03 (± 7.435) years, and head-neck region was the most common site of involvement for basal cell carcinoma. Twenty-two cases required immunohistochemical assessment for confirmation of diagnosis. To conclude, this study is one of its first from Eastern India and will act as a stepping stone for future studies concentrating on clinico-pathological profile, early diagnosis and treatment of basaloid skin tumors.

HISTOPATHOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF NEOPLASTIC LESIONS OF SKIN: A STUDY OF 71 CASES AT TERTIARY CARE CENTER

Introduction: The skin is the largest organ of the body. Skin tumors encompass a wide spectrum and belong to a diverse group of neoplasm rendering the classication difcult. The aim of our study was to study hist Aim: opathological types of skin tumors and distribution of skin tumors according to WHO classication The present study was a prospective &amp;ret Materials and methods: rospective study of skin tumours from January 2016 – April2019 at Department of Pathology, Government Medical College,Surat . The study included all histopathologically conrmed cases of skin tumors. Out of 71 skin tumours, 34 were benign,5 were borderline and 32were malignant. T Results: hus benign tumours were more common than malignant tumours with benign to malignant ratio of 2.05:1. Keratinocytic tumours were highest 25 cases (62%) followed by Melanocytic tumours 18 cases (18.18%). Benign tumours were common in younger age group whereas malignant tumors showed an ascending trend in age. Both benign and malignant tumours of skin were common in males than females Hi Conclusion: stopathological evaluation of skin biopsy is an important tool in diagnosis of skin neoplasms. Intradermal nevus and basal cell carcinoma was the most common benign and malignant neoplasm respectively. Malignant neoplasms were more common in older patients.

Profile of Skin Tumors at Dr. Zainoel Abidin General Hospital Dermatology and Venerology Outpatient Clinic in 2017 – 2021 : A Retrospective Study

Background: Skin tumors are swellings caused by proliferation or failure of cell death mechanisms. Based on the type of growth, skin tumors are divided into benign tumors and malignant tumors. Purpose: To investigate the incidence of skin tumors in Dr. Zainoel Abidin General Hospital outpatient clinic. Methods: This study is a descriptive study with total sampling. The diagnosis of skin tumors is assessed based on medical records filled by Dr. Zainoel Abidin General Hospital Dermatovenerologist in January 2017-September 2021. Result: The results showed patients diagnosed with benign skin tumors had as many as 360 subjects and malignant tumors had as many as 4 samples. The majority of women are affected by benign and malignant skin tumors. Based on the age of benign tumors dominated by the age of 22-45 years while in malignant tumors dominated by 45-64 years. The majority of the sample comes from Banda Aceh, based on where the most of them reside. Based on the size of lesions, benign tumors are dominated by lesions that are less than 0.5 cm in size, while malignant tumors are dominated by lesions that are larger than 0.5 cm in size. Based on the presence and absence of recursion the entire dominant sample has no recursion. Based on the physical treatment in benign tumors are dominated by electrocautery action while malignant tumors are the same number between general surgery and FNAB. Conclusion: most of the skin tumors found in Dr. Zainoel Abidin General Hospital dermatology and venerology outpatient clinic are benign

A Two-Stage End-to-End Deep Learning Framework for Pathologic Examination in Skin Tumor Diagnosis

Neurofibromas (NF), Bowen's disease (BD), and Seborrheic Keratosis (SK) are common skin tumors. Pathological examination is the golden standard for diagnosis of these tumors. Current pathological diagnosis is mainly based on the observation of naked eyes under microscope, which is laborious and time-consuming. Digitization of pathology brings the opportunity for AI technology to improve the efficiency of diagnosis. This research aims to develop an end-to-end extendable framework for the diagnosis of skin tumor based on pathological slide image. NF, BD, SK were selected as target skin tumors. A two-stage skin cancer diagnosis framework (TSSD) is proposed in this paper, which consists of two parts: patches-wise diagnosis and slide-wise diagnosis. Patches-wise diagnosis compares different Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) to extract features and distinguish categories from patches generated in whole slide images. Slide-wise diagnosis combines Attention Graph Gated Network (AGGN) model prediction with post-processing algorithm. This approach can fuse information from feature embedding learning and domain knowledge to draw a conclusion. Training, validation and testing were performed on NF, BD, SK and negative samples. Accuracy and ROC curves were used to evaluate the classification performance. This study investigated on the feasibility of skin tumor diagnosis in pathological image and may be the first time that deep learning is applied to address these three kinds of tumor diagnosis in skin pathology.