Diagnosis Of Mastitis In Cows Research Articles

Technology for non-contact assessment of the udder physiological state for early diseases diagnosis

The results of a study on the creation of technology for non-contact detection of local temperature changes in the skin of the udder and teats are presented. The focus of the technology is the early diagnosis of mastitis in cows, since this disease of the udder is one of the most common and causes great damage to dairy farming, leading to a decrease in milk yield. The technology makes it possible to determine the temperature increase in local areas of the udder skin, to carry out early diagnosis and reduce additional costs associated with the treatment of mastitis. This paper presents an algorithm for non-contact temperature diagnostics of local areas of the skin of the udder of cows using 3 thermal imaging modules that allow you to receive thermograms simultaneously from all local areas of the skin of the udder. We have derived formulas for the main parameters of thermal imaging modules for their location relative to each other. Data collection can be carried out both in the dynamic and in the static position of the animal. This algorithm assigns one of 3 possible statuses to the animal: “healthy”, “suspicion of subclinical mastitis”, “suspicion of clinical mastitis”.

Analysis of the efficiency of a rapid test for the early diagnosis of mastitis in cows

This article describes the results of a study of the content of somatic cells in milk using various methods. Milk samples were tested using a standardized apparatus method using a Somatos-V viscometer, from which 3 groups of 20 samples were selected. The formation of groups was based on the content of somatic cells in the samples (up to 200; 200-400 and over 400 thousand/cm3). Further research was aimed at studying the diagnostic properties of the new test, the action of which is based on the suppression of foaming by mastitis milk. All samples were tested using the foam test and the California mastitis test. The coincidence of the results of the study of the studied test systems with the reference method was revealed in relation to samples containing a small (up to 200 thousand/cm3) and an increased (over 400 thousand/cm3) number of somatic cells. In samples with a cell concentration from 200 to 400 thousand/cm3, there are different results in the study by express testing methods. The foam test showed 90% and the California test showed 75% agreement with the results of viscometry. Given the difficulty in diagnosing latent mastitis, the foam test studied in this work may have promising prospects for use on farms for the early detection of sick cows. This method allows more accurately, qualitatively, to determine the increase in the number of somatic cells in milk, which is important in the diagnosis of latent subclinical mastitis and their timely treatment.

Efficiency of the data generated by the robotic milking system for comprehensive diagnosis of mastitis in cows

Efficiency of the data generated by the robotic milking system for comprehensive diagnosis of mastitis in cows

Modern view on the etiology, pathogenesis and diagnosis of mastitis in cows

Mastitis in cows is currently a pathology that causes great economic damage to livestock farms around the world. The quantitative and qualitative indicators of milk are decreasing. Prevention and treatment of breast inflammation in cows is one of the main tasks of veterinarians. For successful treatment, it is necessary to understand the etiology, especially in infectious mastitis. The degree of inflammatory reaction depends on the invading pathogen and the state of the animal's body, including such indicators as the stage of lactation, age, immune status, genetics and feeding diet. Almost 200 microorganisms that cause bovine mastitis have been identified, including bacteria, yeast, fungi and viruses. More than 150 species of bacteria that cause mastitis in cows have been identified, with bacterial mastitis being the most common. Mastitis can be caused by gram-positive bacteria, the most common of which are staphylococci and streptococci, and gram-negative bacteria, more often Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Laboratory diagnostics is necessary to isolate and identify the relevant pathogen, which is necessary for the successful prevention and treatment of mastitis. The most commonly used method of diagnosing mastitis in cows is to measure the number of somatic cells. Express diagnostics are often used, which do not give a numerical result, but indicate only low or high indicators, while the causative agent of mastitis is not identified. The cultivation method is still the main criterion for detecting microorganisms, but it is a very time-consuming and expensive method. With the development of molecular methods, rapid and accurate diagnosis of diseases in animals has become possible. Recently developed diagnostic tests have shown high specificity and sensitivity.

Content of tryptophan and kynurenines in serum and milk of dairy cows with mastitis caused by Streptococcus spp.

The aim of the study was to investigate serum and milk concentrations of tryptophan (TRP), kynurenine (KYN) and kynurenic acid (KYNA), and activity of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) in cows suffering from mastitis caused by Streptococcus spp. The blood and milk samples were collected from Holstein-Friesian cows farmed in the Lublin region of Poland. It was found that TRP was lower in cows with mastitis both in serum and milk. KYN was lower in serum but not in milk. KYNA was not significantly altered in diseased cows both in serum and milk. The activity of IDO calculated as KYN to TRP ratio was unchanged in serum but was markedly elevated in milk of cows with mastitis. Our findings may have important implications for diagnosis of mastitis in cows because an increase of activity of IDO and reduction of TRP in milk might be a valuable early marker predicting the occurrence of the disease.

Method for predicting the diagnosis of mastitis in cows using multivariate data and Recurrent Neural Network

Method for predicting the diagnosis of mastitis in cows using multivariate data and Recurrent Neural Network

Tryptophan, kynurenine, kynurenic acid concentrations and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase activity in serum and milk of dairy cows with subclinical mastitis caused by coagulase-negative staphylococci.

The aim of the study was to investigate serum and milk concentrations of tryptophan (TRP), kynurenine (KYN), kynurenic acid (KYNA), and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) activity in cows suffering from subclinical mastitis caused by coagulase-negative staphylococci (MSCNS). TRP and kynurenines were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and IDO activity was calculated as the KYN/TRP ratio. The blood and milk samples were collected from 40 midlactation Holstein-Fresian cows from two herds in the Lublin region in Poland. In the milk samples from 20 cows with subclinical mastitis, coagulase-negative staphylococci were isolated and in the milk obtained from healthy cows growth of microorganisms was not detected. TRP, KYN and KYNA concentrations were significantly lower in milk of cows with MSCNS compared to control animals (4.47 vs. 7.24µM, 0.14 vs. 0.21µM, 1.58 vs. 2.18nM, respectively). There was no statistically significant difference in TRP and KYNA concentrations in serum between the studied animal groups (32.97 vs. 39.29µM, 31.3 vs. 26.5nM, respectively). In turn, the level of KYN was lower in the serum (0.81 vs. 1.13µM) of cows with mastitis compared to healthy ones. No statistically significant differences in IDO activity, both in serum and in milk (25.24 and 27.55, 28.56 and 27.17, respectively) was revealed between the studied groups. These findings may have potential implications for diagnosis of mastitis in cows because reduction of these parameters in milk might be a marker predicting the occurrence of the disease.

Analysis of hard protein corona composition on selective iron oxide nanoparticles by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry: identification and amplification of a hidden mastitis biomarker in milk proteome.

Surface active maghemite nanoparticles (SAMNs) are able to recognize and bind selected proteins in complex biological systems, forming a hard protein corona. Upon a 5-min incubation in bovine whey from mastitis-affected cows, a significant enrichment of a single peptide characterized by a molecular weight at 4338Da originated from the proteolysis of aS1-casein was observed. Notably, among the large number of macromolecules in bovine milk, the detection of this specific peptide can hardly be accomplished by conventional analytical techniques. The selective formation of a stable binding between the peptide and SAMNs is due to the stability gained by adsorption-induced surface restructuration of the nanomaterial. We attributed the surface recognition properties of SAMNs to the chelation of iron(III) sites on their surface by sterically compatible carboxylic groups of the peptide. The specific peptide recognition by SAMNs allows its easy determination by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, and a threshold value of its normalized peak intensity was identified by a logistic regression approach and suggested for the rapid diagnosis of the pathology. Thus, the present report proposes the analysis of hard protein corona on nanomaterials as a perspective for developing fast analytical procedures for the diagnosis of mastitis in cows. Moreover, the huge simplification of proteome complexity by exploiting the selectivity derived by the peculiar SAMN surface topography, due to the iron(III) distribution pattern, could be of general interest, leading to competitive applications in food science and in biomedicine, allowing the rapid determination of hidden biomarkers by a cutting edge diagnostic strategy. Graphical abstract The topography of iron(III) sites on surface active maghemite nanoparticles (SAMNs) allows the recognition of sterically compatible carboxylic groups on proteins and peptides in complex biological matrixes. The analysis of hard protein corona on SAMNs led to the determination of a biomarker for cow mastitis in milk by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry.

129. The Chlorine Content of Milk as an Indication of Mastitis

1. The importance of a rapid and simple test for the diagnosis of mastitis in cows is a question which has attracted considerable attention on the part of many workers. One such test based on the determination of chlorine in milk by a rapid method has been advocated recently by Rosell.2. The authors of this paper have made a careful examination of this method and compared the results obtained on samples of milk with those given by other methods known to yield reliable and reasonably accurate results.3. The direct titration of chlorine in milk with silver nitrate solution, without the removal of proteins, invariably gives high results, and, moreover, a satisfactory end-point is difficult to obtain.

The Leucocyte Content of Milk as Correlated with Bacterial Count and Hydrogen Ion Concentration for the Detection of Mastitis

Summary This paper presents experimental data concerning the laboratory diagnosis of mastitis in cows. Aseptically drawn milk samples representing the individual quarters of each udder were used. The following conclusions appear valid: (1)Of all the laboratory methods used in this investigation, the leucocyte content of milk is the truest indicator of mastitis. (2)Bacterial counts on blood agar were more reliable for detecting udder infections than those on plain agar because plain agar often failed to produce distinct colonies from the organisms which were responsible for the infection. (3)Hydrogen ion determinations by the quinhydrone and Brom Cresol Purple methods correlate with other laboratory methods used to determine udder infections. The changes in reaction, however, are so slight, except in extreme cases, that the results are difficult to interpret. (4)The leucocyte count seems to be the most reliable index of udder infection, due to the enormous numbers of leucocytes encountered in milk from infected quarters, and the generally high leucocyte content of milk drawn from apparently normal quarters of the same udders. The fact that the leucocyte content of milk remains constant after it is drawn adds to its reliability. (5)Analysis of 758 leucocyte counts seems to warrant the conclusion that milk from normal udders usually contains less than 50,000 leucocytes per cc., whereas milk from infected udders almost invariably contains more than 100,000 leucocytes per cc.