Diagnosis Of Disorders Research Articles

Potentially inappropriate anticholinergic drug use among older adults in primary healthcare: prevalence and determinants

ABSTRACT Background Considering the vulnerability of older adults to adverse drug reactions, medications with strong anticholinergic properties are considered potentially inappropriate for this population. This study aims to characterize older adults’ profile of anticholinergics use and to identify the factors associated with their potentially inappropriate use. Research design and methods A retrospective study was conducted on 1200 older adults in primary health care centers of Portugal between April 2021 and August 2022. Potentially inappropriate use was assessed according to the 2023 Beers criteria. Logistic regression analyses were performed to determine associations between independent variables and potentially inappropriate use. Results A 8.9% (95% CI 0.074–0.107) of the older adults were exposed to one or more potentially inappropriate anticholinergics, and amitriptyline was the most used (2.0%). Multivariate analysis revealed that use was associated with a higher mean number of medications (OR 1.173, 95% CI 1.115–1.234), diagnoses of depression (OR 2.889, 95% CI 1.785–4.674) and psychiatric disorders (OR 1.654, 95% CI 1.003–2.729). Conclusions This study underscores the importance of vigilance in prescribing anticholinergic medications to older adults, particularly those with higher medication burdens and mental health diagnoses. By identifying factors associated with potentially inappropriate use, healthcare providers can better tailor medication regimens to mitigate risks and optimize the well-being of older adults.

Different meanings of a three-point decline in MMSE score in Alzheimer's disease and depressive disorder.

The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) is a composite scale that is included in diagnostic algorithms and in procedures to assess severity of cognitive impairment and efficacy of therapeutic interventions. It is unclear, however, whether the MMSE provides information about the same deficits in different diseases. To assess patterns of MMSE scores in patients with confirmed diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease or depressive disorder. We used data from a previously published cross-sectional retrospective observational clinical cohort study. The final analysis included only patients in whom biomarker analysis showed results characteristic of Alzheimer's disease (n = 167) and patients with depressive disorder in whom Alzheimer's disease had been ruled out by analysis of biomarkers (n = 69). A three-point decline in MMSE score from 30 to 27 reflected impairment of memory recall in patients with Alzheimer's disease, whereas it reflected impairments in calculation and memory recall in patients with depressive disorder. A further three-point decline in MMSE score from 27 to 24 predominantly reflected additional calculation impairment in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Our results indicate that memory performance is the most important measure of disease severity and the main contributor to the decline in MMSE score at onset of clinical manifestation of Alzheimer's disease. In general, this suggests that memory should be the primary measure used in routine clinical care and the primary endpoint in clinical trials involving patients with Alzheimer's disease at onset of clinical manifestation. Changes in other measures of cognition should prompt consideration of possible comorbidities as a cause, rather than the impact of Alzheimer's disease itself.

Breastfeeding patterns in infants are associated with a later diagnosis of autism Spectrum disorder.

Breastfeeding is associated with medical and developmental benefits. This study aimed to assess associations between nutritional patterns in the first year of life and the likelihood of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). 270 children diagnosed with ASD (cases) and 500 neurotypical children (controls) matched to cases by sex, ethnicity, and birth date (± 3 months) were included in this retrospective case-control study. Both groups were ascertained from children born between 2014 and 2017 whose development/nutrition were monitored at mother-child health clinics in southern Israel. Conditional logistic regression was used to determine the independent association of nutritional patterns with ASD while adjusting for socio-demographic and clinical characteristics. Both exclusive and partial breastfeeding modes were associated with decreased odds of ASD diagnosis (aOR = 0.221, 95%CI = 0.136-0.360; aOR = 0.494, 95%CI = 0.328-0.743, respectively). A breastfeeding duration of >12 months was associated with lower ASD odds (aOR = 0.418, 95%CI = 0.204-0.855), while the introduction of solids after 6 months of age was associated with higher ASD odds than the introduction of solids at 6 months (aOR = 2.455, 95%CI = 1.116-4.201). These findings suggest that a longer period of exclusive breastfeeding is associated with a subsequent reduced likelihood of ASD diagnosis, thus reiterating the importance of proper post-natal nutrition for infant neurodevelopment.

Knowledge and Attitude of Undergraduate Dental Students towards Research in a private dental institute, karachi

Abstract: Background: Scientific research in healthcare is crucial for maintaining oral health and for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of oral disorders. Actually, it is regarded as a basic skill and one of the important areas in the medical education curriculum related to health care. The objective of this study was to evaluation the knowledge and attitude of undergraduate students towards research Methodology: A cross sectional study was conducted from BDS students using non probability convenient sampling technique. Study was conducted from a private dental institute from December 2023-may 2024. The estimated sample size was 160 using Open epi version 3.01, after inserting the prevalence 88.2% participants feel that they can plan and prepare research, with 95% confidence interval and 5% margin of error. Results: The research was conducted on 168 students from different BDS years. The majority of participants were in the age group of 20-25years (73.8%). Of the students, 40.5% were familiar with the literature review procedure; the majority of participants were from BDS's second and third years. About 42.8% of students expressed interest in pursuing this research as part of their dental profession. Reasons given by students for not being interested in doing research, 27% of the student recommended lack of time and lack of resources as the limitation in pursing research study. Conclusion: Research culture needs to be promoted since it benefits patients' health and the community that students will serve in addition to their career paths. It takes a foundational understanding of research methodology to practice medicine and dentistry competently. Engagement in research is the most effective means of achieving this familiarity Keywords: biomedical research, curriculum, students, evidence based medicine, research design, developing countries

Association between a selective 5-HT4 receptor agonist and incidence of major depressive disorder: emulated target trial.

The serotonin 4 receptor (5-HT4R) is a promising target for the treatment of depression. Highly selective 5-HT4R agonists, such as prucalopride, have antidepressant-like and procognitive effects in preclinical models, but their clinical effects are not yet established. To determine whether prucalopride (a 5-HT4R agonist and licensed treatment for constipation) is associated with reduced incidence of depression in individuals with no past history of mental illness, compared with anti-constipation agents with no effect on the central nervous system. Using anonymised routinely collected data from a large-scale USA electronic health records network, we conducted an emulated target trial comparing depression incidence over 1 year in individuals without prior diagnoses of major mental illness, who initiated treatment with prucalopride versus two alternative anti-constipation agents that act by different mechanisms (linaclotide and lubiprostone). Cohorts were matched for 121 covariates capturing sociodemographic factors, and historical and/or concurrent comorbidities and medications. The primary outcome was a first diagnosis of major depressive disorder (ICD-10 code F32) within 1 year of the index date. Robustness of the results to changes in model and population specification was tested. Secondary outcomes included a first diagnosis of six other neuropsychiatric disorders. Treatment with prucalopride was associated with significantly lower incidence of depression in the following year compared with linaclotide (hazard ratio 0.87, 95% CI 0.76-0.99; P = 0.038; n = 8572 in each matched cohort) and lubiprostone (hazard ratio 0.79, 95% CI 0.69-0.91; P < 0.001; n = 8281). Significantly lower risks of all mood disorders and psychosis were also observed. Results were similar across robustness analyses. These findings support preclinical data and suggest a role for 5-HT4R agonists as novel agents in the prevention of major depression. These findings should stimulate randomised controlled trials to confirm if these agents can serve as a novel class of antidepressant within a clinical setting.

History of childhood maltreatment associated with hospitalization or death due to COVID-19: a cohort study

BackgroundChildhood maltreatment (CM) has been indicated in adverse health outcomes across the lifespan, including severe infection-related outcomes. Yet, data are scarce on the potential role of CM in severe COVID-19-related outcomes as well as on mechanisms underlying this association.MethodsWe included 151,427 individuals in the UK Biobank who responded to questions on the history of CM in 2016 and 2017 and were alive on January 31, 2020. Binomial logistic regression models were performed to estimate the association between a history of CM and severe COVID-19 outcomes (i.e. hospitalization or death due to COVID-19), as well as COVID-19 diagnosis and vaccination as secondary outcomes. We then explored the potential mediating roles of socio-economic status, lifestyle and pre-pandemic comorbidities, and the effect modification by polygenic risk score for severe COVID-19 outcomes.ResultsThe mean age of the study population at the start of the pandemic was 67.7 (SD = 7.72) years, and 56.5% were female. We found the number of CM types was associated with the risk of severe COVID-19 outcomes in a graded manner (pfor trend < 0.01). Compared to individuals with no history of CM, individuals exposed to any CM were more likely to be hospitalized or die due to COVID-19 (odds ratio [OR] = 1.54 [95%CI 1.31–1.81]), particularly after physical neglect (2.04 [1.57–2.62]). Largely comparable risk patterns were observed across groups of high vs. low genetic risks for severe COVID-19 outcomes (pfor difference > 0.05). Mediation analysis revealed that 50.9% of the association between CM and severe COVID-19 outcomes was explained by suboptimal socio-economic status, lifestyle, and pre-pandemic diagnosis of psychiatric disorders or other chronic medical conditions. In contrast, any CM exposure was only weakly associated with COVID-19 diagnosis (1.06 [1.01–1.12]) while significantly associated with not being vaccinated for COVID-19 (1.21 [1.13–1.29]).ConclusionsOur results add to the growing knowledge base indicating the role of childhood maltreatment in negative health outcomes across the lifespan, including severe COVID-19-related outcomes. The identified factors underlying this association represent potential intervention targets for mitigating the harmful effects of childhood maltreatment in COVID-19 and similar future pandemics.

Age of Autism Spectrum Disorder Diagnosis and Patient-Centered Medical Home Components.

Early diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in children facilitates the provision of services and enhances opportunities for improving functioning via intervention. To date, limited studies have examined whether age of ASD diagnosis is associated with components of care of the patient-centered medical home (PCMH), a model of health care that emphasizes centralized, accessible, and coordinated care. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the associations between components of the PCMH and age of ASD diagnosis while controlling for associated clinical and socio-demographic factors, in a national sample of children 17years and younger with ASD. The present study was a cross-sectional, observational study. Participants were caregivers of 1,193 children ages with ASD from the 2020 National Survey of Children's Health (NSCH). Hierarchical multiple linear regression analysis was run with age of ASD diagnosis as the criterion variable in two regression models. The binary composite medical home proxy variable was investigated as well as the five individual medical home components (usual source of care, personal doctor or nurse, family-centered care, care coordination, able to obtain referrals when needed). In the first regression analysis, the overall PCMH proxy variable was significantly correlated with the age of ASD diagnosis (standardized beta coefficient = -.08; p < .01). Of the five components of the PCMH assessed in the second regression model, only usual source of sick care was significantly associated with the age of ASD diagnosis (standardized beta coefficient = -.11; p < .01). Having a usual source of sick care may be an important factor in receiving an earlier ASD diagnosis for children and adolescents.

Early EEG and NIRS measurements in preterm babies: a systematic review.

Preterm birth represents a public health problem, with prematurity being the leading cause of infant mortality. An objective brain maturation and oxygenation measurement are necessary. The objective has beenTo test the feasibility of EEG and NIRS combination in the assessment of physiological brain maturation and oxygenation in preterm and non-preterm babies. A systematic review in Pubmed, Web of Science, MEDLINE, Cochrane, Dialnet, CINAHL, Scopus, Lilacs and PEDro databases until December 2022 was developed. 598 registers were found, finally 5 of them reached the inclusion criteria. Two independent reviewers analyzed data and a third reviewer were available for discrepancies. All articles combined EEG and NIRS to assess brain oxygenation and maturation in healthy new-born babies. There is an agreement on the electrode's placement for EEG at P3 and P4; besides, these regions have been shown to be a development predictive area, as well as the frontoparietal region for the NIRS region and comparison between regions. There is little evidence about the physiological brain electrical activity and oxygenation without stimuli.Conclusion: EEG and NIRS have been useful to assess brain electrical activity and oxygenation in preterm and non-preterm. The combined measurement of these instruments could be essential in neurological disorders diagnosis or their sequels. Unfortunately, the heterogeneity of the results found prevents a consensus on which variables are the most appropriate for the assessment of this population. What is Known •Brain assessment could help clinicians to prevent sequels. •There is an agreement for EEG electrodes placement at P3 and P4 region. What is New •EEG and NIRS assessment are effective measurements for preterm babies. •P3 and P4 regions have shown to be a predictive area of development, as well as the frontoparietal region for NIRS assessment.

Pseudobulbar Affect in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is associated with a high prevalence of emotional disorders affecting the health-related quality of life of patients and their families. Pseudobulbar affect (PBA), also referred to as pathological laughing and crying, is an under-recognized and under-treated co-morbidity. We conducted a systematic literature review of 16 studies to determine the prevalence and clinical characteristics of PBA in patients with MS of all ages. Based on conservative figures available from 8/16 studies, the prevalence of PBA in the context of MS was found to range between 2% and 10% (median 10%), with higher percentages in the female population. Possible reasons for the observed variability in the prevalence data include heterogeneity of the diagnostic methodologies and common presence of confounding factors, such as co-morbid affective disorders. The clinical presentation was found to be comparable to that of PBA in the context of other neurological disorders, as it reflected the location of underlying lesions (especially in the brainstem) rather than the associated pathology. Clinicians should be prompted to consider PBA in the differential diagnosis of emotional disorders in the context of MS by using both clinical criteria and psychometric instruments. Further studies should be conducted to develop standardized diagnostic protocols and to optimize therapeutic approaches for the clinical management of this patient population.

Borderline personality disorder and parenting capacity: Understanding child protection population characteristics

Objective This paper describes an audit of borderline symptoms, risk factors for maltreatment and types of abuse among parents who completed a parenting capacity assessment at a South Australian health-based child protection service. Method A retrospective case note audit within a 28-month period was conducted and included parents ( n = 107) who had completed a Mclean’s screening instrument for borderline personality disorder and/or had a psychiatric review with a formal diagnosis. Parents who had a borderline personality disorder diagnosis or endorsed five or more symptoms were categorised into the ‘high’ borderline symptom group. Rates of parental risk factors for maltreatment and type of abuse were compared between parents with low or high borderline symptoms. Results Forty percent of parents endorsed at least five borderline symptoms on the screening tool. On average, parents high in borderline symptoms had a greater number of parental risk factors. Conclusions These findings highlight the importance of screening for personality pathology among parents presenting to child protection services. Foundational training for staff and making evidence-based interventions available should be considered in such settings.

Patientencharakteristika an einer psychodynamischen Ausund Weiterbildungsambulanz.

In the present study we examined the characteristics of patients in terms of symptomatology and psychodynamic dimensions. The study utilized online questionnaires completed by n = 421 patients between September 2020 and March 2021. These questionnaires gathered information on sociodemographics, symptomatology (PHQ-D), relationship dynamics (IIP), personality functioning (OPD-SQS, IPO-16), and intrapsychic conflicts (OPD-KF). The sample consisted of 71.0 % females, with 65 % having prior experience with psychotherapeutic treatments. Notably, 74.9 % of the patients fulfilled the criteria of a depressive disorder in PHQ-D (with 34.8 % identified as Major Depressive Disorder, MDD). Additionally, 53.1 % of all patients surpassed the threshold for the diagnosis of a personality disorder based on the IPO-16. Findings suggest that patients seeking treatment at these clinics exhibit significant psychological distress and often have a history of prior psychotherapeutic interventions.

Sleep stages detection based on analysis and optimisation of non-linear brain signal parameters

The analysis and detection of sleep stages continue to preoccupy researchers, particularly bioinformaticians and neurologists aiming to understand various aspects and functioning of the brain during sleep cycles. This understanding is crucial for developing systems capable of early diagnosis of sleep disorders and adapting these systems for use in operating rooms to monitor the brain activity of patients under sedation or anesthesia. In this study, we apply a set of methods to process and decompose the single-channel EEG neural signal into different brain waves such as beta, alpha, theta, and delta. We then focus on the analysis and optimization of the extracted non-linear features using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to improve the performance and robustness of the classification of six sleep stages. Classifier validation is performed using the cross-validation method. The results show that when the dimensions of the combined non-linear features are reduced, the RF-PCA model achieves an accuracy of 95.2%, outperforming other models such as MLP, SVM, DT, and GB, as well as recent studies. These findings validate the effectiveness of the system, indicating its potential for embedded implementation in practical applications for sleep disorder diagnosis and monitoring.

Assessing the Predictive Validity of Early Post-injury CAPS-5 for Later Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Diagnosis

Assessing the Predictive Validity of Early Post-injury CAPS-5 for Later Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Diagnosis

Maladaptive weight control and eating behaviours in female adolescents/young adults are associated with increased risk of irritable bowel syndrome in adulthood: Results from the Growing Up Today Study (GUTS).

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is common among individuals with eating disorders. The relationship between these conditions is likely bidirectional. However, data on the risk of IBS among those with prior eating disorders is largely limited to cross-sectional studies. To prospectively evaluate the association between maladaptive weight control/eating behaviours in females during adolescence/young adulthood with subsequent IBS using the Growing Up Today Study (GUTS). Starting in 1996 (age: 9-14) and during follow-up, participants reported frequency of maladaptive eating/weight control behaviours during the past year to lose weight: self-induced vomiting (n = 5740), laxative use (n = 5438), and fasting (n = 5522) in addition to reporting binge eating (n = 4459). Starting in 2001 and during follow-up, participants reported if they had ever been diagnosed with an eating disorder (n = 5316). Incident IBS cases were identified from four questionnaire cycles (2013, 2014, 2016, 2019), with participants specifying the year of diagnosis if occurring before the questionnaire date. Multivariable logistic regressions adjusting for age, body mass index, and depressive symptoms estimated the associations of interest. Maladaptive weight control/eating behaviours were associated with increased IBS risk [ORs (95% CIs) for laxatives to lose weight = 3.67 (2.52-5.35), vomiting to lose weight = 1.83 (1.29-2.60), fasting to lose weight = 2.62 (1.86-3.70), and bingeing = 2.25 (1.54-3.28)] as was history of eating disorder diagnosis [OR (95% CI) = 3.42 (2.38-4.90)]. The magnitude of IBS risk increased with the frequency of maladaptive behaviours. There is evidence for the potential role of early maladaptive weight control/eating behaviours in the development of adult IBS among females.

Airway and Airway Obstruction Site Segmentation Study Using U-Net with Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy Images.

Obstructive sleep apnea is characterized by a decrease or cessation of breathing due to repetitive closure of the upper airway during sleep, leading to a decrease in blood oxygen saturation. In this study, employing a U-Net model, we utilized drug-induced sleep endoscopy images to segment the major causes of airway obstruction, including the epiglottis, oropharynx lateral walls, and tongue base. The evaluation metrics included sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and Dice score, with airway sensitivity at 0.93 (± 0.06), specificity at 0.96 (± 0.01), accuracy at 0.95 (± 0.01), and Dice score at 0.84 (± 0.03), indicating overall high performance. The results indicate the potential for artificial intelligence (AI)-driven automatic interpretation of sleep disorder diagnosis, with implications for standardizing medical procedures and improving healthcare services. The study suggests that advancements in AI technology hold promise for enhancing diagnostic accuracy and treatment efficacy in sleep and respiratory disorders, fostering competitiveness in the medical AI market.

Peer Bullying and Psychiatric Diagnoses in Adolescents with Nonsuicidal Self-Injury

Objectives The aim of this study was to determine the comorbid psychiatric diagnoses, peer bullying rates and NSSI characteristics in adolescents who engage in self-injuring behavior. Materials and Methods This case-controlled cross-sectional study was conducted between 1 March 2020 and 1 May 2021 in the Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Paediatrics outpatient clinic of a hospital in the Southeastern Anatolia region of Turkey. The data of 50 adolescents with NSSI and 60 adolescents without NSSI attending school were compared. The data in the study were obtained using sociodemographic form prepared by the researchers, the Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia Interview Schedule for School-Age Children—Present and Lifetime Version—Dsm–5, Peer Bullying Scale Adolescent Form and Self-Injurious Behaviour Assessment Inventory. Results Fifty adolescents (70% female) with a mean age of 15.4 years (S.D. = 1.4) with NSSI were included as case group and 60 adolescents (66.7% female) with a mean age of 15.5 years (S.D. = 1.3) without NSSI were included as control group. Banging/hitting self was the most common NSSI method, while affect regulation was the most common function. In the case group, verbal, isolation and damage to belongings among the victim subtypes in the last year were found to be significantly higher than in the control group. It was found that there was a positive correlation between the variety of self-injury methods and bullying exposure scores in adolescents with NSSI. Depression disorders, anxiety disorders, oppositional defiant disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, conduct disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder diagnoses were found to be more prevalent in the group with NSSI. Conclusions Based on the finding, it was found that psychiatric diagnoses are more common in adolescents with NSSI, peer bullying subtypes are seen at a higher rate, and as bullying scores increase, the variety of NSSI methods also increases. It is thought that providing psychiatric evaluation and treatment for adolescents with NSSI, establishing cooperation with school and family for peer bullying, developing preventive mental health policies and effective intervention programmes may be beneficial.

The Human Connectome Project of adolescent anxiety and depression dataset

This article describes primary data and resources available from the Boston Adolescent Neuroimaging of Depression and Anxiety (BANDA) study, a novel arm of the Human Connectome Project (HCP). Data were collected from 215 adolescents (14–17 years old), 152 of whom had current diagnoses of anxiety and/or depressive disorders at study intake. Data include cross-sectional structural (T1- and T2-weighted), functional (resting state and three tasks), and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance images. Both unprocessed and HCP minimally-preprocessed imaging data are available within the data release packages. Adolescent and parent clinical interview data, as well as cognitive and neuropsychological data are also included within these packages. Release packages additionally provide data collected from self-report measures assessing key features of adolescent psychopathology, including: anxious and depressive symptom dimensions, behavioral inhibition/activation, exposure to stressful life events, and risk behaviors. Finally, the release packages include 6- and 12-month longitudinal data acquired from clinical measures. Data are publicly accessible through the National Institute of Mental Health Data Archive (ID: #2505).

Gut Microbiota and Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Neuroinflammatory Mediated Mechanism of Pathogenesis?

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impairments in social communication and behavior, frequently accompanied by restricted and repetitive patterns of interests or activities. The gut microbiota has been implicated in the etiology of ASD due to its impact on the bidirectional communication pathway known as the gut-brain axis. However, the precise involvement of the gut microbiota in the causation of ASD is unclear. This study critically examines recent evidence to rationalize a probable mechanism in which gut microbiota symbiosis can induce neuroinflammation through intermediator cytokines and metabolites. To develop ASD, loss of the integrity of the intestinal barrier, activation of microglia, and dysregulation of neurotransmitters are caused by neural inflammatory factors. It has emphasized the potential role of neuroinflammatory intermediates linked to gut microbiota alterations in individuals with ASD. Specifically, cytokines like brain-derived neurotrophic factor, calprotectin, eotaxin, and some metabolites and microRNAs have been considered etiological biomarkers. We have also overviewed how probiotic trials may be used as a therapeutic strategy in ASD to reestablish a healthy balance in the gut microbiota. Evidence indicates neuroinflammation induced by dysregulated gut microbiota in ASD, yet there is little clarity based on analysis of the circulating immune profile. It deems the repair of microbiota load would lower inflammatory chaos in the GI tract, correct neuroinflammatory mediators, and modulate the neurotransmitters to attenuate autism. The interaction between the gut and the brain, along with alterations in microbiota and neuroinflammatory biomarkers, serves as a foundational background for understanding the etiology, diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of autism spectrum disorder.

Early diagnosis of mineral and bone disorders in patients with diabetic kidney disease on the background of type 2 diabetes

Early diagnosis of mineral and bone disorders in patients with diabetic kidney disease on the background of type 2 diabetes

Role of wearable electrochemical biosensors in monitoring renal function biomarkers in sweat: a review.

Real-time detection of renal biomarkers is crucial for immediate and continuous monitoring of kidney function, facilitating early diagnosis and intervention in kidney-related disorders. This proactive approach enables timely adjustments in treatment plans, particularly in critical situations, and enhances overall patient care. Wearable devices emerge as a promising solution, enabling non-invasive and real-time data collection. This comprehensive review investigates numerous types of wearable sensors designed to detect kidney biomarkers in body fluids such as sweat. It critically evaluates the precision, dependability, and user-friendliness of these devices, contemplating their seamless integration into daily life for continuous health tracking. The review highlights the potential influence of wearable technology on individualized renal healthcare and its role in preventative medicine while also addressing challenges and future directions. The review's goal is to provide guidance to academics, healthcare professionals, and technologists working on wearable solutions for renal biomarker detection by compiling the body of current knowledge and advancements.