Background: Croup is a common respiratory condition in children, typically caused by a viral infection, most commonly the parainfluenza virus. It leads to inflammation and narrowing of the upper airway, primarily the trachea and larynx, which can result in distinctive symptoms like Barking cough, Stridor, hoarseness, labored breathing, Fever. Laryngotracheitis, laryngotracheobronchitis, and laryngo-tracheo-broncho-pneumonitis are all included in the spectrum of croup. Aims and Objectives: To study the etiology, progression of Croup, to study the signs & symptoms of Croup, to study the investigations and management by Ayurvedic and contemporary sciences. Materials & Methods: Authentic books and Samhitas along with the articles published is referred for the detailed information related to topic. Discussion: Diagnosis of Croup is typically diagnosed based on the child's symptoms and physical examination. In some cases, X-ray or other imaging tests is recommended. Ayurveda treats Croup in multiaspect corelating with Kasa and Shwasa Roga. Snehan by Lavangadi Taila, Swedan. Use of Kasa- Shwashara Kalpa like, Talisadi Churna, Shwaskuthar Rasa, Kanakasava. Panchakarma procedures such as Dashmool Niruha Basti, Mrudu Vaman, Virechan. Contemporary science treats it by humidified Air, corticosteroids, nebulized epinephrine, rest and Fluids. Conclusion: Croup in children is a common and usually mild respiratory condition caused by viral infections. While it can be distressing, most cases can be managed effectively at home with humidified air and, in some cases, corticosteroids. Knowing the symptoms and when to seek medical attention is crucial for parents and caregivers to ensure the well-being of their children.