Diagnosis Of Coronavirus Infection Research Articles

New Coronavirus Pneumonia COVID-19 in Patients with Newly Diagnosed Tuberculosis on the Background of HIV Infection (Case Report)

The article discusses the issues of radiation diagnosis of coronavirus pneumonia COVID-19 in patients with newly diagnosed tuberculosis against the background of HIV infection using the example of the clinical case of 50-year-old patient who treated with respiratory complaints and fever, who had pronounced changes in the lungs according to radiological methods. The diagnosis of coronavirus infection, tuberculosis and HIV infection was confirmed morphologically. The course of newly diagnosed TB in a patient with HIV infection was complicated by severe bilateral viral pneumonia. A feature of this case was the atypical localization and unusual manifestation of tuberculous changes on the background of HIV infection according to multispiral computed tomography, as well as a long relapsing course of viral pneumonia, with long-term persistence of the SARS-CоV-2 coronavirus.

COVID-19 AMONG TUBERCULOSIS PATIENTS IN MOSCOW

Introduction. In connection with the emergence of a new coronavirus infection COVID-19, since 2020, a set of measures has been carried out in Moscow to ensure the identification, isolation and organization of the treatment process of patients with tuberculosis combined with COVID-19. Based on the data of the TB/COVID-19 co-infection monitoring system created in Moscow, the study analyzed all 430 confirmed cases of COVID-19 among TB patients registered or followed up in Moscow in 2021 in groups I and II of dispensary observation. Aim. To study the incidence of COVID-19 in tuberculosis patients in 2021 and to identify epidemiological features among tuberculosis patients in the second year of the pandemic. Results. The analysis showed that with an increase in the territorial incidence and an increase in the total number of newly diagnosed TB patients in the capital in 2020–2021, the number of confirmed cases of TB/COVID-19 co-infection decreased by 212 cases. Among all 430 patients, 52.3% are permanent residents of the city, 22.3% are residents of other subjects of the Russian Federation, 12.3% are homeless persons and 13.1% are foreign citizens. In 80.5% of cases, the diagnosis of coronavirus infection caused by the COVID-19 virus was established based on the results of etiological laboratory diagnostics (detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA by PCR in smears with mucosa from the nasopharynx and oropharynx), and in other cases - only according to radiation diagnostics (computed tomography of the chest). More than half of those with combined tuberculosis/COVID-19 infection – 59.8% were unemployed and 14.4% were old-age pensioners. In 2021 in among tuberculosis/ COVID-19 patients, 63.3% (272 people) were newly diagnosed tuberculosis patients, of which: – 53.3% were permanent residents of Moscow, – 19.1% residents of other subjects of the Russian Federation, – 14.7% are homeless, – 9.9% are foreign citizens. For new tuberculosis cases, the maximum number of patients, co-infected with a new coronavirus infection was at the age of 31–45 years, which was somewhat different from the age characteristics of the incidence for other patients. Because of treatment of coronavirus infection, 84% of patients cured of COVID-19 already in 2021, 12.1% (52 people) died. The created tuberculosis/COVID-19 co-infection monitoring system in Moscow allows for a full assessment of the course of a new coronavirus infection in tuberculosis patients, patient routing, analysis of the incidence of COVID-19 among tuberculosis patients, the effectiveness of their treatment and the causes of mortality.

A case of abscessed pneumonia due to COVID-19 infection in a young patient

Viral infections are the first ranked conditions among infectious diseases causing 515% of all community-acquired pneumonia. The aim of the study was to describe a case of COVID-19 infection, proceeding with acquired bacterial infection and developing abscess pneumonia in a young patient.
 Material and methods. The accompanying medical documentation was examined, clinical and morphological analysis was carried out for assessing macro- and micropreparations.
 Results. Patient A.E., 31 years old, within 5 hours 10 minutes was at in-hospital treatment with a diagnosis of Coronavirus infection, severe course. Community-acquired bilateral polysegmental pneumonia. The patient admitted with complaints of respiratory difficulty, shortness of breath, weakness, fever up to febrile level, severe pain in the right groin area, both lower extremities, swelling in hands and feet. However, despite initiated treatment, the patients condition worsened and biological death was verified. The postmortem examination revealed signs of total bilateral hemorrhagic pneumonia. Histological examination showed areas of necrosis in the alveolar epithelium and signs of marked edema with a hemorrhagic component; hemolyzed erythrocytes were found in alveolar lumen. Focal hemorrhages were visualized in the pulmonary parenchyma, sometimes merging along with lung tissue with forming microabscesses. a well-defined shaft consisting of granular leukocytes and congested vessels with erythrocyte sludge was noted on the periphery of necrosis area. In the alveoli located closer to the abscesses, fibrinous and serous exudate was detected. Signs of edema were observed in the brain; histological examination revealed perivascular, pericellular optical voids with vascular congestion, erythrocyte sludge and minor hemorrhages. SARS-CoV-2-caused pneumonia and acquired bacterial infection, in this case due to staphylococcus, led to abscess pneumonia and severe respiratory failure with developing acute distress syndrome. Obviously, the high frequency of destructive processes in staphylococcal pneumonia is due to the pathogenic staphylococci characterized by production of high-level proteolytic enzymes destroying body tissues. Thus, the current case of COVID-19 infection in a young patient is of particular importance and relevance, because it demonstrates an unfavorable disease outcome despite patient young age and lack of concomitant pathology.

Features of clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of COVID-19 coronavirus infection in children

Worldwide spread of COVID-19 coronavirus infection SARS-CoV-2 also affected the child population. Now, a sufficient number of studies have been described in adult patients, and only limited data are available with an analysis of the clinical course of the disease in pediatric patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. Currently, SARS-CoV-2 has spread around the world as a variant of omicron. The article is a lecture on the features of the clinical picture, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of coronavirus infection in children, taking into account the latest domestic and foreign articles.
 The purpose of the lecture is to improve the knowledge of family doctors and pediatricians in the study of clinical features, course, diagnosis, therapy, prevention, and long-term consequences of a coronavirus infection. The lecture presents the etiology and epidemiology of coronavirus infection. The clinical picture of the omicron strain is described. The assessment of the clinical picture of the disease is presented based on the working criteria of the severity of the disease. The diagnosis of coronavirus infection is presented in detail. The algorithm for treating children with coronavirus infection is presented according to the latest recommendations of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. The emphasis is on prevention and elimination of dehydration. Vaccine prophylaxis during the pandemic is considered.

The Evaluation of Prevalence and Hematological Parameters for Assessment of Severity of Coronavirus Infection

Objectives: We determined the prevalence of coronavirus (COVID-19 virus) infection on the basis of age, sex, clinical presentation and risk of ABO Blood Groups antigens with COVID-19 virus. We also highlight the Hematological Parameters such as neutrophils to lymphocytes ratio and thrombocytopenia to assess severity of COVID-19 viral infection. 
 Methodology: A descriptive study was conducted from May 2020 to May 2021 at rural and urban areas of District Shaheed Benazir Abad in the homes of patients diagnosed with Covid-19 viral infection where they were present in quarantine. A total of 351 patients with their ages ranging between 12 and 68 including 329 males and 21 females present in isolation within their homes with diagnosis of coronavirus infection were included in this study. The clinical features of the patients were noted, and 5 ml of blood was collected in an EDTA bottle from each patient for determination of blood group and complete blood account at the diagnostic and research pathology laboratory of PUMHS, Nawab Shah.
 Results: The mean age of these patients was 40 ± 28 years while male to female ratio was 15.6:1. Out of the 351 patients, 169 (45.3%) were blood group A, 117 (33.8%) were blood group B, 50 (11.3%) were blood group AB and 26 (8.6%) were blood group O. The mean value of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio was found to be 4.7 ±1.7 while the mean value of platelets count was 210000 ± 95000/ mm3 in these patients.
 Conclusion: We concluded that the ratio of coronavirus infection among the patients with Blood Group A was higher than the B, AB and O. However, the study revealed a significantly higher proportion of AB+ male patients as compared to females who were infected with COVID-19.

Experience in the use of antiviral drugs in the treatment of conjunctivitis in COVID–19

The study presents the effect of the drug Favipiravir in the complex therapy of conjunctivitis caused by COVID–19. The diagnosis of coronavirus infection was confirmed by positive PCR tests; the severity was assessed based on fluoroscopic examination of the lungs and computed tomography. To treat eye symptoms of conjunctivitis caused by SARS-CoV-2, antiviral drugs have been used: Acyclovir, Ophtalmoferon, and Favipiravir. The authors have shown that treatment with Favipiravir in combination with antiviral drugs reduces the duration of treatment by 1.86 times in patients of group 2 compared to patients of the first group who were treated with acyclovir and Оphthalmoferon. The high effectiveness of treatment of conjunctivitis with Favipiravir is due to the mechanism of its tropic action in relation to RNA-containing viruses, due to its ability to integrate into the RNA chain of the COVID-19, inhibiting its RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and disrupt the replication of the coronavirus. In addition, Favipiravir induces lethal RNA transversion mutations, leading to the death of the virus. The prolongation of the duration of treatment of conjunctivitis in patients of the first group can be explained by the effect of Аcyclovir, aimed at inhibiting viral DNA polymerase and blocking the synthesis of viral DNA, while the COVID-19 belongs to a single-stranded RNA-containing virus, despite the action of Оphthalmoferon, which can disrupt the reproduction of the virus by interacting with specific membrane receptors, the CD147 protein of the conjunctival epithelium.

Hyperenzymemia after vaccination against COVID-19: complex equation with simple variables

The article presents clinical case of the jaundice development and severe hyperenzymemia in GAM-Covid-VAK (Sputnik V) vaccination against COVID-19 in a 69-year-old patient. History — systematic use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs due to persisting pain after knee arthroplasty in 2018; frequent trips for several years to another region for sanatorium treatment, the use of mineral water. The diseases caused by hepatitis viruses, drug damage and post-vaccination reaction were included in diagnostic search. The markers of hepatitis B and C infection viruses were not detected during the enzyme immunoassay and polymerase chain reaction. The indicator for determining the relationship of a drug with the liver damage development was 6 points (borderline value) and only indicated the likelihood of drug hepatotoxicity. At the same time, it is known from history that repeated administration of the drug did not cause liver dysfunctions. The diagnosis of coronavirus infection was established based on the identification of SARS-CoV-2 in the hospital with repeated laboratory testing and competing diagnosis of hepatitis A has been confirmed on the basis of hepatocellular damage and the presence of serological marker of hepatitis A virus (immunoglobulin M antibodies). The treatment was continued in the infectious hospital, where the diagnosis of co-infection was confirmed. The pneumofibrotic changes in the S5 region of the left lung were revealed according to computed tomography. The normalization of aminotransferase activity and bilirubin was noted during dynamic observation. Apparently HAV infection led to a decrease in the immune response, the formation of an insufficient level of neutralizing antibodies in vaccinated against COVID-19 patient M. and contributed to the development of a new coronavirus infection with minimal manifestations in contact with SARS-CoV-2.

ЭХОГРАФИЧЕСКАЯ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА ОБОДОЧНОЙ КИШКИ У ПАЦИЕНТОВ С ПСЕВДОМЕМБРАНОЗНЫМ КОЛИТОМ ПРИ COVID-19

Objectives. To analyze the colon echographic images of patients suffering from pseudomembranous colitis (PMC) with COVID-19. Material and methods. 24 patients with PMC and COVID-19 (group 1), 24 patients with COVID-19 infection without diarrhea (group 2) and 24 practically healthy subjects (group 3, the control one) were examined. The diagnosis of coronavirus infection was verified by isolating SARS-CoV-2 RNA by polymerase chain reaction from the mucous membrane of the upper respiratory tract. Clostridioides difficile infection was detected by means of an immunochromatographic test with the determination of microbial toxins in the feces of patients. Ultrasound investigation (US) was performed using convex 3.5-4.0 MHz and linear 9.0-10.0 MHz probes without special preparation of patients for the examination. Results. All patients of group 1 had a thickened colon wall from 3.5 up to 11.2 mm. Among the patients of the 2nd group, the thickness of the intestinal wall in 25% of cases was up to 2 mm inclusively, in 75% - 2.1 mm or more, of which in every fourth case it exceeded 3 mm. The thickness of the bowel wall between the 1st and the 2nd groups of patients, as well as the 1st and the 3rd groups of patients, had statistically significant differences, no such pattern was found between the 2nd and the 3rd groups. The progression of ultrasound signs of colon lesions in patients suffering from PMC with COVID-19 was accompanied by a worsening of their clinical condition and the aggravation of characteristic laboratory changes. With a positive response to PMC therapy regression of ultrasound changes in the intestinal wall occurs, but there is some delay in the normalization of structural changes recorded by ultrasound. In all cases of PMC with COVID-19, a loss or weakening of the stratification of the bowel wall is observed. Tocompletion of PMC treatment when the intestinal wall thickness exceeds 4.5 mm is accompanied by the occurrence of relapses. Conclusions. Ultrasound of the intestine in patients having PMC with COVID-19 makes it possible to objectify the condition of the bowel wall and to adjust the management of patients.

Sleep disorders in patients with COVID-19

Sleep disorders often accompany COVID-19 and are a part of post-COVID syndrome. Some of the sleep disorders that occur in patients hospitalized for COVID-19 can be attributed to acute forms of insomnia. This type of sleep disorders is due to special conditions associated with hospitalization, and is short-term. Other sleep disorders appear as a part of anxiety-depressive symptoms diagnosed in patients with COVID-19. These symptoms can be classified as nosogenies psychogenic disorders that are associated with diagnosis of coronavirus infection; somatogenies psychopathological conditions resulting from pathological effects on the central nervous system of somatic and neurological complications of COVID-19; iatrogenies mental disorders that occur due to the intake of medication. Currently, information on the impact of sleep quality on the severity of COVID-19 and the effectiveness of treatment for post-COVID syndrome is accumulating. This review provides up-to-date information on sleep disorders in patients with COVID-19 and the principles of their therapy.

Сlinical case of occurrence of myocardial infarction type 2 as a complication of new coronavirus infection

As known, a new coronavirus infection that causes acute respiratory distress syndrome can proceed in severe forms and lead to various complications, including acute cardiovascular events. This article describes a clinical case of the occurrence of acute myocardial infarction in a patient with a confirmed diagnosis of coronavirus infection. A peculiarity of this observation is the pathogenesis of the development of myocardial infarction, which is not directly related to atherothrombosis and differs from the classic type 1 myocardial infarction.

Praxis of Technology and Tools in COVID-19 Response

The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has affected around forty million people worldwide and causing over a million deaths. Since no treatment guideline is considered the most efficient, and with no vaccine approved for prophylaxis, currently the COVID-19 response demands efficient use of available technology and tools in medical field for controlling the disease. The knowledge and experience gained from the epidemics of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), Ebola, and Zika virus play a pivotal role in this pandemic response. The required technologies and tools are adapted from the existing technologies and are modified to serve the purpose of COVID-19 response which is applied in the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of Coronavirus infection. The technologies applied at the prevention stage aims at limiting the spread of infection by using personal protective equipment, contact-tracing, and modelling. At the stage of diagnosis, technologies are used efficiently and the correct diagnosis of infected cases is done by molecular, immunological testing and radiological imaging. Artificial-Intelligence is employed in building applications that use the available information and radio-images to aid in differential diagnosis of Coronavirus infection. The treatment in COVID-19 incorporates technology in both in-patient and remote care of the cases. Though the COVID-19 response strategy differs from country to country, it is devised based on the recommendations made by the international health authorities such as the World Health Organization (WHO) and the National Center for Disease Control and Prevention of the United States (NCDCP-US). The controlling of the pandemic depends on the collective effort of all nations which rest on efficient scientific communication and in the advancement of the medical field.

COVID-19: economic aspects of influenza vaccine prevention

Relevance. A viral pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus has led to the development of a new coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). The COVID-19 pandemic has forced the mobilization of all available health system resources. There are separate publications on reducing the risk of developing coronavirus infection in people vaccinated against influenza. Objective: to study the cost-effectiveness of influenza vaccination in the conditions of the» first « wave of COVID-19. Materials and methods. The archival data of 2,452 people from among the sick employees of JSC «Russian Railways» were analyzed. The control group consisted of 2,911 employees who were not infected with COVID-19, comparable by gender, age and territory of residence. Scores on the Charlson comorbidity scale were calculated for all individuals. The pharmacoeconomical cost of the patient’s treatment was predicted using the Markov model. Results. Having a flu shot reduced the likelihood of getting COVID-19 by 1.3 times. In the presence of a diagnosis of coronavirus infection, inpatient treatment for influenza vaccinated patients was required 2 times less often than for unvaccinated patients. Compared to the situation of the absence of vaccinated persons, in the «first wave», the estimated cost savings for the treatment of patients with coronavirus infection amounted to 124 million rubles. When the number of points on the comorbidity scale increased from 1 to 8, the average cost of treatment of patients without previous influenza vaccination increased by 2 times, and in the presence of vaccination, the average cost of treatment increased by 1.7 times. Conclusion. Thus, this study shows that influenza vaccination is cost-effective against COVID-19. The effect is achieved by reducing the likelihood of getting a coronavirus infection in the presence of a flu shot.

Genetic predisposition and resistance to certain infectious diseases. III. COVID 19

The review discusses issues related to genetic predisposition and resistance to the new coronavirus infection including various factors: epidemiological, gender, ethnic and microbiome. The role of molecular genetic methods in the diagnosis of coronavirus infection is emphasized. The genetic factors largely determine the body’s susceptibility to various diseases, including infectious ones. The focus is on the genes associated with the production of interferons and enzymes that are responsible for anti-viral responses, as well as inflammatory reactions in the lungs. The first group includes genes IFNAR2 and OAS1, which control the production of antiviral proteins, while the second includes DPP9, TYK2 and CCR2, that control the behavior of monocytes. A number of other genetic polymorphisms responsible for resistance and susceptibility to infections and associated clinical consequences are discussed. The knowledge of molecular genetic biomarkers is necessary to identify risk groups, conduct predictive measures, including vaccination against COVID-19.

Oral Fluids—A Diagnostic Tool for COVID-19: A Review

AbstractGlobal outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in December 2019 has affected millions of people around the world. This virus binds to angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 receptors present in the pharynx, nose, oral cavity, salivary glands, tongue, etc. Saliva has been shown to have viral loads of COVID-19 as it reported to be 2019-novel-coronavirus nucleic acid positive. This article is based on the association of oral fluids and their role in diagnosis of coronavirus infection.

Case series of complex therapy of hemoblastosis in the context of COVID-19

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic is a problem of a global scale, and it has an importance in modern oncology and hematology. Patients with cancer are at high risk of getting infected with COVID-19. Diagnosis of coronavirus infection in such patients entails the cancellation of chemotherapy for an indefinite period. A break between courses of treatment, as well as a complete cancellation of therapy, can increase the mortality of patients from oncohematological diseases. Material and methods: From June to October 2020, based on the Oncohematological Department of the National Research Oncology Center LLP, 19 patients were treated, of which: men - 11, women - 8. Average age - 43 years (+ -16). Of these, patients with multiple myeloma - 32%; acute myeloid leukemia - 26%; acute promyelocytic leukemia - 11%; acute lymphoblastic leukemia - 26%; chronic lymphocytic leukemia - 5%. Treatment was carried out following the protocols for the diagnosis and treatment of hemoblastosis and concomitant COVID-19 infection. Results: This article presents clinical cases of complex therapy of patients with hemoblastosis and concomitant COVID-19 infection who were treated in a hospital.

MULTISYSTEM INFLAMMATORY SYNDROME IN CHILDREN: DIAGNOSTIC MARKERS AND FEATURES OF PHARMACOTHERAPY

Relevance. In 2020, children were hospitalized with fever and multisystem inflammation throughout the world during the COVID-19 pandemic. In the United States, this condition is called MIS-C (Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children). This syndrome is thought to be similar to the severe course of COVID-19 in adults (cytokine storm).
 The objective of the work is to evaluate the features of the course and pharmacotherapy of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children.
 Materials and methods. The study included 17 children (10 boys and 7 girls) aged 3-16 years (on average – 9.5±3.4 years). Diagnosis of coronavirus infection was performed by polymerase chain reaction with real-time detection, determined the level of immunoglobulins M and G before coronavirus infection.
 Results. The duration of fever in patients was 5-21 days (average 8.1±4.0 days), the duration of inpatient treatment – 7-35 days (average 15.7±7.0 days). Blood albumin levels were reduced in 53.8% of children; the level of fibrinogen was increased in 88.2% of children, the level of C-reactive protein, ferritin, and D-dimer – in all patients. 15 (88.2%) children had pathology of the digestive system, 13 (76.5%) – cardiovascular system (7 children were diagnosed with carditis, 2 – dilation of coronary arteries, 7 – cardiac arrhythmia). Acute respiratory distress -syndrome was found in a 13-year-old girl, shock - in an 11-year-old boy, 11 children (64.7%) were diagnosed with the pathology of the respiratory system (pleurisy, pneumonia), skin and mucous membranes, and 4 children (23.5%) there were manifestations of central nervous system disorders (meningism, decreased reflexes, ataxia), in 2 (11.8%) – renal failure. On average, each patient had lesions of 3.9 ±1.2 systems.
 Conclusions. MIS-C was manifested by prolonged fever, high levels of laboratory markers of inflammation, hypoalbuminemia, hypercoagulation, often – pathological manifestations of the cardiovascular, digestive, respiratory systems, skin, and mucous membranes. The treatment included intravenous immunoglobulin, steroids, anticoagulant, and antibacterial therapy and was effective.

Recent Advances on Nanotechnology-Based Strategies for Prevention, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Coronavirus Infections

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is exponentially spreading across the world, leading to an outbreak of serious viral pneumonia. Antiviral therapies using chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, and favipiravir have been approved by several countries to increase the quality of life of SARS-CoV-2-infected patients. Currently, several companies are intensively working on the production of coronavirus (CoV) vaccines, resulting in some specific vaccines that have been approved for CoV infections in humans. Nevertheless, efficient and specific prevention, treatment, and diagnosis are urgently required to combat the biological diversity and rapid mutation in CoV infections. Recently, significant attention has devoted to nanoformulation or nanoparticles (NPs) due to their specific features like high surface-to-volume ratio, drug encapsulation abilities, and specific optical properties to remove the complications of applied conventional therapeutic and diagnosis options. In this regard, NPs are increasingly used as new anti-CoV agents, vaccine carriers or adjuvants, and nanoscale biorecognition elements. The present review article provides a comprehensive discussion on the recent updates regarding the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of different CoV infections with an emphasis on the application of NPs in vaccination, treatment, and diagnosis of CoV infections.

Experience in fighting with COVID-19 in Management Company "Metalloinvest"

Introduction. The problem of effectively countering the COVID-19 pandemic is particularly acute for companies with a continuous production cycle, which include metallurgical enterprises. The plan of anti-epidemic measures developed by the operational headquarters of "Metalloinvest" includes three blocks: measures to prevent infection and prevent the spread of coronavirus infection; measures to improve the effectiveness of treatment and rehabilitation. The medical staff of corporate medical organizations and health protection groups at the company's enterprises implement a set of anti-epidemic measures daily. There are situation centers that provide organizational and advisory assistance to patients, and contact centers that inform employees about issues related to COVID-19. We are successfully implementing the program of corporate volunteering and social partnership. In terms of the protection of employees and their families, a large-scale program was launched to support state medical institutions in the areas of presence, providing for the retrofitting of high-tech medical equipment (computer tomographs, artificial lung ventilation devices, blood gas analyzers, oxygen concentrators, specialized vehicles), as well as the supply of personal protective equipment and disinfection for medical personnel, medicines. Thanks to the measures taken, "Metalloinvest" managed to maintain a stable production operation, ensure prompt monitoring of the health status of employees, and reduce the incidence of COVID-19. In total, from March to December 2020, 2,934 cases of COVID-19 and pneumonia were detected in employees, 17 deaths were confirmed, 20,889 tests and 1,644 CT scans of the lungs were performed. The number of employees in "Metalloinvest" with a diagnosis of coronavirus infection and pneumonia is less than 0.3% of all employees, which is almost 4 times lower than among residents of the regions where they operate.

КЛИНИЧЕСКИЙ СЛУЧАЙ НОВОЙ КОРОНАВИРУСНОЙ ИНФЕКЦИИ У НОВОРОЖДЕННОГО

The problem of coronavirus infection has captured the whole world. In one year, the views on the disease itself and its treatment have radically changed. Doctors all over the world cannot give definite answers to a number of questions regarding this virus and its impact on newborn babies. Low susceptibility to coronavirus in young children may be due to some peculiarities of the immune system. Today it is considered to be the main ways of transmission of the virus are airborne and contact. However, the airborne route of infection in newborns is unlikely, because from birth the child is isolated from the sick mother. The issue of the vertical transmission of the virus from an infected mother to a child is discussed. There is no evidence of transmission of coronavirus through breast milk. The diagnosis of coronavirus infection in children is established with a positive epidemiological history and with 2 clinical symptoms with laboratory confirmation. The article presents a single clinical case of coronavirus infection in a newborn. The possible ways of infection of the newborn, the clinical picture, the possibility of joint stay of the mother and the child, breastfeeding, and treatment of the newborn are discussed.

The acute cholecystitis in COVID-19 patients: treatment in conditions of reprofiled hospital

Introduction. Routine surgical care has been suspended during the COVID-19 pandemic. For the treatment of patients with acute cholecystitis, conservative treatment, percutaneous drainage of the gallbladder or cholecystectomy is offered. Tactics of treatment of patients with acute cholecystitis against the background of COVID-19 have not been studied. It is important to study the data concerning the time of cholecystectomy in acute cholecystitis, comparing “early” and “delayed” cholecystectomy, which is performed after a period of conservative therapy. Aim. To present and evaluate the results of treatment of patients with acute cholecystitis against the background of COVID-19 in the conditions of a repurposed multi-specialty hospital on the basis of the O. M. Filatov Clinic Hospital No. 15 in Moscow. Material and methods. A retrospective comparative study with history control included 16 patients with acute cholecystitis against the background of COVID-19. Mechanical jaundice syndrome was diagnosed in 3 (18.75%) patients. The diagnosis of coronavirus infection using PCR was confirmed in 5 patients, serological method-in 2 patients, and in 9 patients the diagnosis was confirmed by X-ray or CT examination with negative/doubtful PCR test results. Results. Nine (56.25%) patients were operated 4 (25%) percutaneous interventions were performed, in 3 (18.75%) cases conservative therapy was performed. Most patients were operated on within the first day of admission. In the main group, a fatal outcome occurred in 1 (6.25%) case (death from a thromboembolic complication in a patient with mechanical jaundice syndrome). Discussion. The choice of «early» cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis, provided the condition is stable and the initial changes in the lungs are appropriate in most COVID-19 patients. Conclusion. Performing cholecystectomy in patients with coronavirus infection in an infectious hospital did not lead to an increase in the duration of inpatient treatment and the prevalence of complications. The approaches mentiobed in the results section can be used as a safe method in the discussed category of patients.