Diagnosis Of Cardiovascular Risk Factors Research Articles

Prevalence of complications and co-morbidities in males and females with obesity: Real-world insights from claims data analysis.

To comprehensively examine the range of co-morbidities among males and females with a diagnosis of obesity. This cross-sectional retrospective study used US commercial and Medicare claims data from Merative MarketScan Research Databases to identify adults (age ≥ 18 years) with a diagnosis of obesity with continuous insurance coverage from 2018 to 2020. Co-morbidities were tabulated based on coded diagnoses, and prevalences were calculated in males and females across age groups. Age-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) determined differences in co-morbidities between the sexes. Of an eligible sample of 6.9 million, we identified 2 028 273 individuals with at least one obesity-related International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision, Clinical Modificationcode. The proportions of males and females with obesity were 43.0% versus 57.0%. The most prevalent co-morbidities among males and females were hypertension (62.8% vs. 52.2%), dyslipidaemia (63.3% vs. 50.3%) and depression and/or anxiety (D/A; 29.7% vs. 48.5%). The prevalence of D/A was high in the younger age group, but steadily decreased with age in both sexes; however, hypertension and dyslipidaemia continued to increase with age. The presence of diagnosis of hypertension and dyslipidaemia was 6-8 years earlier in males than in females. Females had higher odds than males for osteoarthritis (OR 1.33), depression (OR 2.22) or osteoporosis (OR 7.10); all P < .0001. Males with obesity received a diagnosis of cardiovascular risk factors at an earlier age than females, which may have contributed to the higher prevalence of coronary heart disease. Understanding sex-specific variations in co-morbidities across ages can support early screening and diagnosis of risk clusters for optimal obesity management.

Novel MoS2-decorated Cu2O hybrid nanoparticles for enhanced non-enzymatic electrochemical cholesterol detection

Precise identification of cholesterol levels is crucial for the early diagnosis of cardiovascular risk factors. This paper presents a novel approach for cholesterol detection that circumvents the reliance on enzymatic processes. Leveraging the unique properties of advanced materials and electrochemical principles, our non-enzymatic approach demonstrates enhanced sensitivity, specificity, and limit of detection in cholesterol analysis. A non-enzymatic electrochemical biosensor for Cholesterol, employing a nanohybrid comprising Cu2O nanoparticles decorated with MoS2, is presented. The cyclic voltammetry (CV), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), and amperometry techniques were employed to investigate the electrochemical behaviour of the glassy carbon electrode modified with the Cu2O/MoS2 nanohybrid. The modified electrode exhibited an excellent sensitivity of 111.74 μA μM−1 cm−2 through the CV method and showcased a low detection limit of 2.18 μM and an expansive linear range spanning 0.1–180 μM when employing the DPV method. The electrode also showed good selectivity to various interfering components in 0.1 M NaOH and a satisfied stability of about 15 days at room temperature. The study demonstrates the potential for broader applications in clinical diagnostics and monitoring cardiovascular health, paving the way for a paradigm shift in cholesterol detection methodologies and offering a more efficient and cost-effective alternative to traditional enzymatic assays.

Combined influence of lipid accumulation product and body mass index on cardiometabolic risk factors among Yinchuan City children and adolescents

To analyze the relationship between children lipid accumulation product(CLAP) and body mass index(BMI) and cardiovascular risk factors in children and adolescents. A current situation study design was adopted. A total of 936 children and adolescents aged 12 to 18 years old in Yinchuan City were selected from September 2017 to September 2019 by a convenient sampling method. Among them, 537(57. 40%) boys and an average age of(14. 82±2. 08) years old, the number of Han and other ethnic groups were 705(75. 30%) and 231(24. 70%) respectively. And conduct questionnaire surveys(using Yinchuan Children&apos;s Blood Pressure Survey-standard questionnaire, which mainly includes basic information, birth and infant feeding, physical activity and sleep, etc. ), physical examination(including height, weight, blood pressure and body components) and biochemical index detection(including fasting blood glucose and blood lipids), using binary classification Logistics regression to analyze the correlation between CLAP and BMI and cardiovascular risk factors, and ROC curve analysis of the accuracy of CLAP and BMI in the diagnosis of cardiovascular risk factors. The association between CLAP≥P75 and BMI normal weight and cardiovascular risk factor aggregation≥2 was 38. 13(95%CI 23. 83-61. 00) times(P&lt;0. 05) of CLAP&lt;P75 and BMI non-obese, which was higher than that of other different combinations and cardiovascular risk factors Correlation. The accuracy of CLAP≥P75 combined with BMI in the diagnosis of cardiovascular risk factor aggregation≥2 was 0. 87(95%CI 0. 85-0. 89), higher than other diagnoses. CLAP and BMI are associated with cardiovascular risk factors.

Associations between body fat variability and later onset of cardiovascular disease risk factors.

ObjectiveThere is current debate regarding whether body weight variability is associated with cardiovascular events. Recently, high body fat percentage (BF%) has been shown to be a cardiovascular risk factor. We therefore hypothesized that BF% variability would present a stronger cardiovascular risk than body weight variability.MethodsA single-center retrospective cohort study of medical check-up examinees aged 20 years or older at baseline (2005) was performed. Examinees were followed in 2007, 2009, and 2013–2014. BF% variability in 2005, 2007 and 2009 was calculated as the root-mean square error (RMSE) using a simple linear regression model. Multiple logistic regression models estimated the association between BF%-RMSE and new diagnoses of cardiovascular risk factors occurring between the 2009 and 2013–2014 visits.ResultsIn total, 11,281 participants (mean age: 51.3 years old, 48.8% were male) were included in this study. The average BF%-RMSE of our subjects was 0.63, and the average BMI-RMSE was 0.24. The high BF%-RMSE group (76-100th percentile) had a higher incidence of hypertension and a lower incidence of diabetes mellitus than the low BF%-RMSE group (1-25th percentile). This tendency was particularly evident in male participants. BMI-RMSE was not associated with any cardiovascular risks in our study.ConclusionsThis study indicates that body fat variability has contrasting effects on cardiovascular risk factors, while body weight variability has no significant effects.

Incidence and Management of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Psoriatic Arthritis and Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Population-Based Study.

To examine the prevalence and incidence of cardiovascular (CV) risk factors, including hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus (DM), and obesity among patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) compared to the general population, and to examine the treatment of incident CV risk factors in PsA and RA compared to controls. A cohort study was conducted within The Health Improvement Network, a medical record database in the UK, using data from 1994 to 2014. Patients ages 18-89 years with PsA or RA were matched to controls on practice and start date. The prevalence and incidence of CV risk factors identified by diagnostic codes were calculated. Cox proportional hazards models were used to examine the relative incidence of these CV risk factors. Finally, pharmacologic therapies for incident CV risk factors were examined. Study subjects included patients with PsA (n = 12,548), RA (n = 53,215), and controls (n = 389,269). The prevalence of all CV risk factors was significantly elevated in PsA. Only the prevalence of DM and obesity was increased in RA. Incidence of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and DM was elevated in PsA and RA. Receipt of therapy within 1 year following incident diagnosis of CV risk factors was not substantially different between the groups; approximately 85%, 65%, and 45% of patients received prescriptions for hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and DM, respectively. Patients with PsA have an increased prevalence of CV risk factors, and both patients with PsA and patients with RA have increased incidence of a new diagnosis of CV risk factors. Pharmacologic treatment of CV risk factors in patients with PsA and RA was similar to controls in the UK.

The relationship between the use of cement during total hip replacement and blood pressure values

Background Total hip replacement is a common orthopaedic procedure associated with an elevated cardiovascular risk. There are several methods for total hip replacement, including whether or not to use cement for the prosthesis fixation. The aim of the study was to compare clinical characteristics, including blood pressure, in patients undergoing total hip replacement with and without the use of cement. Material and methods The study included patients with elective total hip replacement surgery, who were divided into those in whom the procedure was performed with or without the use of medical cement. The criteria for using cement were assessed during operation by the operator, according to the current protocol. All patients were interviewed, screened, and had their medical records checked for the prior diagnosis of cardiovascular risk factors. Blood pressure values were measured before and after the procedure according to the current guidelines. Results The study population consisted of 65 patients in whom the total hip replacement was performed (mean age 61.5 ± 15.0 years; 50.8% male). 60% of patients had the hip replacement without cement and 40.0% had a procedure with the use of cement. Patients in whom the cement was used were significantly older (75.0 ± 8.5 vs. 53.0 ± 11.5 years; p < 0.0001) and more often diagnosed with arterial hypertension (61.5 vs. 33.3%; p = 0.04), than those in whom it was not used. Systolic blood pressure values were significantly higher before and after the procedure (138.8 ± 18.2 vs. 130.8 ± 21.5 mm Hg, p = 0.04; 122.6 ± 13.3 vs. 113.8 ± 14.1 mm Hg, p = 0.03; respectively) in the group which required cement. Conclusions Patients with hip replacement using cement have higher systolic values before, and after the surgery than in patients in whom cement wasn’t used. Therefore careful management and risk assessment is especially important in patients receiving the total hip replacement with the use of cement.

Benign prostatic hyperplasia, metabolic syndrome and androgenic alopecia: Is there a possible relationship?

ObjectiveTo evaluate the incidence of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and metabolic syndrome in patients with androgenetic alopecia (AGA) in comparison with those with no AGA, as several previous studies have reported inconsistent results of an association between metabolic syndrome and BPH with AGA. Patients, subjects and methodsThis cross-sectional study included 400 participants, divided into 300 patients diagnosed with AGA, with different grades according to Norwood–Hamilton classification, and 100 control subjects with no AGA. Criteria for diagnosis of metabolic syndrome according to Adult Treatment Panel-III criteria (waist circumference, blood pressure, fasting blood sugar, high-density lipoprotein and triglycerides), as well as criteria for diagnosis of BPH (prostatic volume, urine flow, and prostate-specific antigen) were assessed in all patients and compared with the control subjects. ResultsThere were significant differences between the AGA and no-AGA groups for the following variables: waist circumference, body mass index, fibrinogen level, fasting blood sugar, cholesterol, C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and glycosylated haemoglobin. There was a significant difference in number of patients with AGA manifesting criteria of metabolic syndrome (51% vs 28%), as well as BPH diagnostic criteria (36% vs 6.8%) compared with the control subjects. Both BPH and metabolic syndrome were shown to be significant independent variables associated with AGA. ConclusionsDermatologists, urologists, and primary care physicians should monitor patients with early onset AGA for the development of urinary symptoms, to permit an earlier diagnosis of BPH; and for metabolic syndrome symptoms, to permit early diagnosis of cardiovascular risk factors.

Abstract 17698: Will Access to Timely Primary Care Influence the Success of the American Heart Association’s 2020 Strategic Impact Goals? A Report From the 2012 National Health Interview Survey

Background: The AHA’s 2020 Strategic Impact Goals are to improve cardiovascular (CV) health and reduce related deaths by 20% by 2020. Our objective is to examine the association between perceived barriers to timely primary care and CV metrics relevant to these goals for the US population. Methods: We examined data on key CV metrics (aspirin, blood pressure, cholesterol and smoking) from 34,525 respondents (estimated 234.9 million adults) to the 2012 National Health Interview Survey. Barriers to primary care included: unable to get through on telephone, unable to obtain appointment soon enough, long wait in the physician’s office, limited clinic hours, and lack of transportation. National estimates were obtained using appropriate sampling weights. Odd ratios for CV metrics for adults with ≥ 1 vs. no barriers were obtained from logistic regression models. Results: The majority of respondents were 18-64 years of age (82%), non-Hispanic white (66%) and currently employed (62%); 52% were female and 16% reported no insurance. An estimated 24.7 million (10.7%) adults reported ≥ 1 barriers in the past year. Of the 46.3 million (32%) who were advised to take aspirin, 17% reported no aspirin use. Of the 60 million (26%) with documented hypertension, 85% had high BP in the last year. Of the 62 million (26%) with high cholesterol, 70% reported high rates in the last year. Of the 42 million (18%) who were current smokers, only 46% attempted to quit in the last year. Compared to those without barriers, adults with ≥ 1 barriers were more likely to be advised to take aspirin but less likely to follow the recommendation, were more likely to report diagnoses of CV risk factors and attempts to quit smoking (table). Conclusion: Barriers to timely primary care are likely markers of CV burden and are associated with key metrics that impact CV health and mortality among adults. These patient-centered factors merit further exploration when designing strategies to achieve the AHA’s 2020 Strategic Impact goals.

Antipsychotic exposure prior to acute myocardial infarction in patients with serious mental illness.

To investigate the association between acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and recent exposure to antipsychotic agents in people with serious mental illness (SMI), and modifying influences. A case-crossover design was applied using the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) to compare the exposure frequency of antipsychotic agents within individuals of schizophrenia or bipolar disorder between 60-day case and control periods prior to their first AMI episode during 1996-2007. A sample of 834 patients with incident AMI was analysed. AMI was significantly associated with more recent antipsychotic exposure in schizophrenia after adjustment (OR 1.87, 95% confidence interval 1.15-3.03) bipolar disorder (OR 1.06, 0.51-2.21). This association in schizophrenia was significantly stronger in men and in patients without previous diagnoses of cardiovascular risk factors. These findings are consistent with a short-term risk effect of antipsychotic exposure on risk of AMI and identify potentially vulnerable groups. Further research is required to clarify underlying biological mechanisms.

FRI0105 Impact of initiative to control cardiovascular risk factors in collaboration with local doctors in patients with rheumatoid arthritis

BackgroundRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is associated to a higher cardiovascular risk (CVR), prevalence of cardiovascular events and cardiovascular mortality than the general population. Adequate control of disease activity and cardiovascular risk...