Diagnosis Of Basal Cell Adenoma Research Articles

Basal cell adenoma of parotid gland: two case reports and literature review.

Most of salivary tumors are benign in nature and are typically diagnosed and classified based on their histopathological presentation. Basal cell adenoma of the salivary glands is a rare, benign disease accounting for 1% to 3% of salivary gland tumors. Despite its low incidence, basal cell adenoma is the third most common benign tumor of the salivary gland after pleomorphic adenoma and Warthin's tumor. It usually appears as a firm and slow-growing mass. Due to the prognosis, differential diagnosis with basal cell adenocarcinoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma and basaloid squamous cell carcinoma is required. In this report, we present two cases; a 62-year-old woman who presented with an asymptomatic, and slow-growing mass and a 64-year-old woman with a static-sized mass in the parotid gland. In both cases, the mass was completely excised, postoperative pathology reports confirmed the diagnosis of basal cell adenoma. We also review the literature and discuss this rare entity.

Monomorphic Adenoma: A Diagnosis or a Misnomer? A Review of Literature on Terminologies, Features and Differential Diagnosis of Basal Cell Adenoma

Monomorphic Adenoma: A Diagnosis or a Misnomer? A Review of Literature on Terminologies, Features and Differential Diagnosis of Basal Cell Adenoma

BASAL CELL ADENOMA: A RARE CASE WITH AN UNUSUAL PRESENTATION

Basal cell adenoma is a benign salivary gland neoplasm that mainly affects the parotid gland and rarely occurs in minor salivary glands. It is more common in older adults, with peak prevalence in the seventh decade of life, and clinically appears as a slowly growing mass. A 25-year-old white woman presented with a 6-mm submucosal nodule around the upper lip area. The lesion was asymptomatic and was covered with normal-looking mucosa. Based on the location, a clinical diagnosis of dermoid cyst was established, and an excisional biopsy was performed. Histopathologic examination showed a proliferation of cells with 2 phenotypes forming a tubular pattern within a fibrous stroma. Luminous cells exhibited oval and pale nuclei and eosinophilic cytoplasm, while basaloid cells contained pale or hyperchromatic nuclei and clear cytoplasm. A diagnosis of basal cell adenoma was made, and the patient was considered treated and is currently being followed up.

Diagnosis and treatment of basal cell adenoma of parotid gland

Objective:To investigate the clinical features, diagnosis and treatment experience of basal cell adenoma (BCA).Method:The clinical data of 7 patients with basal cell adenoma of the parotid gland from the Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical University of Anhui from March 2012 to June 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. Combined with literature review, the experience of diagnosis and treatment was discussed.Result:Seven BCA were mostly diagnosed as pleomorphic adenoma and adenomatous lymphoma before operation using parotid ultrasound, fine needle aspiration cytology and parotid enhanced CT, and no patients was diagnosed as BCA prior to the operation. Four cases were diagnosed as BCA, 1 case was diagnosed as adenoma, 1 case was diagnosed as low-grade malignant tumor, and 1 case was not able to identify benign or malignant tumor by intraoperative fast frozen pathological examination. There were no obvious complications after the operation, and only 2 cases of mild facial paralysis returned to normal in 1 month, and no recurrence was found in the follow-up 18-69 months. Conclusion:Basal cell adenoma of the parotid gland is a rare benign tumor of parotid gland, the lack of specific clinical manifestations and signs, preoperative ultrasonography, fine needle aspiration cytology and parotid gland enhanced CT scan can not confirm the diagnosis, although they have some limitations, they are of great value in the localization, qualitative and differential diagnosis of BCA in the parotid gland. The diagnosis mainly depends on intraoperative, postoperative pathology and immunohistochemical examination. The treatment is mainly surgical excision, and the prognosis is better.

Basal cell adenoma mimicking adenoid cystic carcinoma on FNAC- A Case Report

A 40-year-old-female presented with a right parotid swelling. It was diagnosed as adenoid cystic carcinoma on FNAC. On histopathology final diagnosis of basal cell adenoma was made. Basal cell adenoma is a rare and benign basaloid neoplasm of the salivary gland. The other basaloid neoplasms are pleomorphic adenoma, basal cell adenocarcinoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma, metastatic basal cell carcinoma, metastatic squamous cell carcinoma and small cell carcinoma. Differentiating basaloid neoplasms on FNAC pose diagnostic difficulties. The goal is to discuss problems and pitfalls in FNAC diagnosis of basal cell adenoma and to emphasize on cautious approach while diagnosing basaloid neoplasm on cytology.

Difficulty of the differential diagnosis of basal cell adenoma and basal cell adenocarcinoma of parotid gland by magnetic resonance imaging: case reports and literature review

Objectives The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the differential diagnosis of basal cell adenocarcinoma (BCAC) and basal cell adenoma (BCA) in the salivary gland.

Nuclear β-catenin expression in basal cell adenomas of salivary gland

Nuclear localization of β-catenin is known in a wide variety of human neoplasms; however, there are few reports in basal cell adenoma of the salivary gland. Our objective was to confirm the nuclear localization of β-catenin in basal cell adenoma and to examine whether nuclear β-catenin expression could be a useful marker in the diagnosis of basal cell adenoma. To evaluate the nuclear localization of β-catenin in basal cell adenomas, immunohistochemistry (IHC) and mutation analysis of CTNNB1 were performed in 22 and 21 cases, respectively. Mutation analysis of CTNNB1 in exon 3 was performed by DNA direct sequencing. In a comparative study, IHC for β-catenin was also performed in 157 other salivary gland tumors. Nuclear β-catenin expression was examined in 22 basal cell adenomas; scores were 2+ in 18 cases (81.8%), 1+ in three cases (13.6%), and 0 in one case (4.5%). Expression was localized in the basaloid myoepithelial cells. CTNNB1 mutation analysis was performed in 21 basal cell adenomas; mutations, including I35T and T41P, were detected in 11/21 (52%) cases. In comparison with other salivary gland tumors, one of three basal cell adenocarcinomas showed nuclear β-catenin expression, whereas there was no nuclear β-catenin expression in 154 other salivary gland tumors. We demonstrated nuclear β-catenin expression and activation of the CTNNB1 gene in basal cell adenoma. Although nuclear β-catenin expression may be unable to distinguish basal cell adenoma from basal cell adenocarcinoma, it should be a helpful marker in the diagnosis of basal cell adenoma.

Basal cell adenoma arising in a minor salivary gland of the palate

Basal cell adenoma is a benign neoplasm of the salivary glands. This tumor usually arises in the major glands, with the parotid being the most frequent site of occurrence, while it is rare in the minor salivary glands. We report a case of basal cell adenoma of a minor salivary gland on the palate. The patient was a 68-year-old man. Intraoral examination revealed a mass measuring 20 × 20mm that was elastic-hard, dark violet, non-ulcerated, and covered the normal mucosa. Computed tomography scan and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) both showed a mass situated in front of the soft palate. The T1-weighted MRI revealed tumor isointensity, and the T2-weighted image showed tumor hyperintensity. The clinical diagnosis was palate tumor, and excision was performed under general anesthesia. Histopathological examination revealed that an encapsulated mass had grown under the epithelium and indicated a diagnosis of basal cell adenoma. Although no recurrence has been detected in the 3years and 6months of follow up, there was a case of malignant transformation of a basal cell adenoma reported. Therefore, careful follow-up observation will continue to be important.

Basal cell adenoma with extensive squamous metaplasia and cellular atypia: A case report with cytohistopathological correlation and review of the literature

Basal cell adenoma (BCA) is a rare benign basaloid neoplasm of the salivary gland. There are four histopathological types of BCA: solid, tubular, trabecular, and membranous. It is known that focal squamous metaplasia may be seen in some BCAs, but it is rare to see extensive squamous metaplasia, especially with cellular atypia. Here, a 25-year-old male with right parotid swelling is presented. Ultrasonography revealed a 2-cm well defined mass in his parotid gland. Fine-needle aspiration (FNA), performed prior to surgical excision, showed a highly cellular tumor composed of basaloid cells, forming small duct-like or tubular structures containing basement membrane-like material, as well as squamous cells with hyperchromatic, enlarged, pleomorphic, and bizzare nuclei. We made a cytopathological diagnosis of "basaloid neoplasm" and also reported that the differential diagnosis included BCA, cellular pleomorphic adenoma, basal cell adenocarcinoma, and carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma. The patient underwent total parotidectomy. Both frozen and permanent sections showed a BCA with membranous, tubulotrabecular pattern, and extensive squamous metaplasia. Some of the squamous cells showed significant nuclear hyperchromasia, enlargement, and pleomorphism. As far as we know, this is the first case of BCA with extensive squamous metaplasia and prominent cellular atypia. This case has been presented to show that squamous metaplastic cells with hyperchromatic, enlarged, bizarre, and pleomorphic nuclei can be seen on FNA smears of a benign tumor like BCA. Also, the differential diagnosis of BCA of the salivary gland is discussed here.

Basal cell adenoma of the parotid gland: a clinicopathological study of nine cases—basal cell adenoma versus pleomorphic adenoma and Warthin’s tumor

The aim of this study is to investigate the clinical and pathological characteristics of basal cell adenoma (BCA) and to compare the diagnosis/treatment of BCA with those of Warthin's tumor (WT) and pleomorphic adenoma (PA). Among 192 patients with benign tumors of the parotid gland who underwent surgery, 9 had BCA. All of these tumors showed a benign pattern on computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. The accuracy of fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) for diagnosis of BCA was slightly lower than for PA and WT. Most PA and BCA lesions developed in the upper part of the parotid gland. Considering the gender difference, tumor site, and age, it is necessary to differentiate BCA from PA rather than from WT. There were no significant differences in the duration of surgery, the blood loss, and the incidence of transient facial paralysis between surgical resection of BCA and surgery for PA or WT. BCA is the third most common of the benign parotid tumors, following WT and PA, although its incidence is low. When PA and WT are ruled out by FNAB after a tentative diagnosis of benign tumor has been based on imaging findings, BCA should be considered.

Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology of Basal Cell Adenoma of the Salivary Gland

To formulate cytologic features for differential diagnosis of basal cell adenoma (BCA).The usefulness of 5 items for a cytologically definitive diagnosis of BCA was examined. The 5 items in 8 BCA and 22 non-BCA cases (adenoid cystic carcinoma [ADCC], basal cell adenocarcinoma, myoepithelioma, pleomorphic adenoma and polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma) that displayed mimicking cytology were examined cytologically.The useful items were < 5.1 microm in mean of epithelial nuclear short diameter; mild atypia on definitive diagnosis; stromal cell cluster combining smooth margin surrounding the epithelial cell cluster or containing the epithelial cell cluster; epithelial clusters surrounded by or adhered to a thick, hyalinized smooth margin without stromal cluster; and closely fastened, tight clusters with denser cytoplasm than ADCC, but an indistinct border, with oval nuclei and no hyaline cells.Five items are useful criteria for BCA.

Fine‐needle aspiration cytology of basal cell adenoma of the parotid gland: Characteristic cytological features and diagnostic pitfalls

We retrospectively studied the cytological features of aspiration cytology in 12 cases of basal cell adenoma (BCA) and 5 cases mistakenly diagnosed as BCA. On macroscopic findings, the 12 cases of BCA included 7 cases of solid type and 5 cases of cystic type. The characteristic cytological features of solid type BCA were three-dimensional clusters in 71%, sharp-angle small clusters in 86%, basement membrane- like material in 71%, and cell crush in 86%. In contrast, 3 of the 5 cystic type BCA cases showed inadequate cellular components or no basaloid tumor cells, and the cytological diagnosis of BCA could not be determined. In the 5 cases misdiagnosed as BCA, there were 2 cases of pleomorphic adenoma, 2 cases of benign lymphoepithelial cyst, and 1 case of basal cell adenocarcinoma. Accurate differential cytological diagnosis of BCA is relatively easy to determine the solid type BCA, but is more difficult for cystic type BCA.

A Rare Case of Basal Cell Adenoma in the Bilateral Parapharyngeal Space

A rare case of basal cell adenoma in the bilateral parapharyngeal space is reported. A tumor in the left parapharyngeal space was bluntly enucleated by the cervical-parotid approach and two tumors in the right side were enucleated by the cervical approach. Pathological diagnosis of all three tumors was identical to basal cell adenoma. Multiple occurrence of this benign tumor in the bilateral parapharyngeal space required a careful follow-up because the differential diagnosis of basal cell adenoma between basal cell adenocarcinoma and adenoid cystic carcinoma is usually highly confusing.