Diagnosis Of Acute Viral Infections Research Articles

Comparison of a chemiluminescence immunoassay and an enzyme immunoassay for detection of IgM antibodies against measles, mumps, rubella, cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein Barr virus (EBV), and human herpes virus (HHV) -1 and -2 infections

PurposeOutbreaks of vaccine-preventable viral diseases have been increasingly reported globally over the past few years. The burden of congenital viral infections, their impact on physical and mental development and the resulting economic loss to the family and the community are also well known. IgM antibody detection has been convenient in the diagnosis of acute viral infections, particularly in settings with limited resources where molecular tests are not feasible. MethodsThis is a comparative study between a chemiluminescence immunoassay (Liaison, DiaSorin, Saluggia, Italy) and an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (Euroimmun, Lubeck, Germany) for the detection of IgM antibody against measles, mumps, rubella, CMV, EBV and HHV-1 and -2 viruses using a total of 345 samples. Results are expressed as agreement using kappa statistics. ResultsIn this study, CLIA is perfectly comparable to ELISA for the detection of IgM antibodies against measles (0.86) and mumps (0.92) with a moderate agreement for rubella (0.52), CMV (0.57), EBV (0.50), and HHV-1 and -2 (0.47) assays. However, a PABAK (prevalence-adjusted bias-adjusted kappa) showed improved agreement for rubella (0.64), CMV (0.65), EBV (0.60), and HHV-1 and -2 (0.88) assays. ConclusionsIgM antibody assays (CLIA and ELISA) against measles and mumps virus can be comparably used depending on the laboratory setup, throughput and expertise.

The vagaries of IgM: a case report of EBV infection with concomitantly false-positive IgM for CMV, VZV, and HSV

BackgroundSerum IgM (immunoglobulin M) testing is commonly used to diagnose acute viral infections. However, most clinicians are unaware of the vagaries of IgM testing, including antigenic cross-reactivity between multiple viruses and risk misdiagnosis.Case presentationWe report a case of infectious mononucleosis with concomitantly positive IgM for EBV, CMV, VZV, and HSV.A 26-year-old man presented with acute infectious mononucleosis picture. His blood work showed a total bilirubin level of 7.7 mg/dl, ALT 1077 U/L, AST 806 U/L, ALP 325 U/L, and INR 1.0. Monospot was positive; peripheral blood smear showed atypical lymphocytes; however, because EBV infectious mononucleosis does not typically cause elevation of liver enzymes over 1000, other etiologies were explored. Tests for hepatitis A, B, C, HIV, ANA, and ASMA returned negative. IgM for EBV-VCA, CMV, HSV, and VZV all returned positive, and the diagnosis of EBV IM was called into question. Subsequent tests of CMV and HSV PCR for viral load were negative (VZV was not clinically suspected), and later on, EBV-EBNA returned negative and EBV-VCA IgM and IgG returned positive, confirming the diagnosis of acute EBV infection.ConclusionWe believe that IgM seropositivity can result from cross-reactivity among several viruses (especially herpes viruses), and although often relied on, a positive IgM should not serve as the sole determinant for diagnosis of acute viral infections.

CD35 and CD64 of Neutrophils Can Differentiate Between Bacterial and Viral Infections in Children by Simultaneous Quantitative Analysis.

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the expression of CD35 and CD64 from white blood cells (neutrophil, monocytes, and lymphocytes) and acute infectious diseases in children.Material/MethodsThe blood samples were collected from 104 children with infections (42 viral infections and 62 bacterial infections). Blood samples were stained with CD45-PC5, CD35-FITC, and CD64-PE, and the fluorescence intensities were measured by flow cytometer, and then the ratio of CD35 to CD64 was calculated.ResultsThe ratio of CD64/CD35 on neutrophils (NCD35/NCD64) was significantly different between the bacterial group, the virus group, and the healthy control group. According to receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, a cutoff value of 7.256 (sensitivity: 90.0%, specificity: 93.7%) was determined for the NCD35/NCD64 ratio.ConclusionsThis study shows that NCD35/NCD64 is helpful in the differential diagnosis of acute viral infection and bacterial infection in children.

СТРУКТУРА ОСТРЫХ РЕСПИРАТОРНЫХ ВИРУСНЫХ ИНФЕКЦИЙ СРЕДИ ГОСПИТАЛИЗИРОВАННЫХ ДЕТЕЙ ГОРОДА ХАБАРОВСКА В ЭПИДЕМИЧЕСКИЙ СЕЗОН 2015-2016 ГГ.

The research presents results of the analysis by polymerase chain reaction of clinical material obtained from 170 children hospitalized into an infectious department of the Khabarovsk children’s territorial clinical hospital named after A.K.Piotrovich with a diagnosis of acute viral infection in epidemic season of 2015-2016. The most numerous group consisted of children under 1st year of age – 74 children (43.5%). The overall number of detected respiratory viruses was equal to 179. Most prevalent viruses were human rhinoviruses (25.1%), human adenoviruses (19.6%), and human parainfluenza viruses (16.8%). Among influenza viruses (11.7%) type A(H1N1) pdm09 was predominant. In 92 children (54.1%) the disease was caused by a mono-infection, in 40 cases (23.5%) there was identified mixed-infection. Infections of lower respiratory tract were identified in 100 patients (58.8%), stenosing laryngotracheitis was diagnosed most frequently (20.6%).

The development of ELISA Kit detecting Chikungunya Virus used a synthetic polypeptide chain

<p>Chikungunya fever was an acute vector-infectious disease caused by Chikungunya virus which outbreaks were distributed mostly in Africa, Indian Ocean, West Pacific Islands and South-East Asia. It was important to develop a rapid and accurate detection kit to control the Chikungunya virus transmission. The ELISA method was a valuable tool for rapid diagnosis of acute viral infections which had the merits of rapid, accurate, simple. In present study, a polypeptide chain of E2 protein was chosen and validated through computer protein model analysis, and the Chikungunya virus ELISA kit detecting the E2 antigen was developed and evaluated based this polypeptide. The Sandwich method Chikungunya antigen ELISA kit consisted of polyclonal antibody made by Chikungunya virus synthetic protein and a commercial monoclonal antibody. The sensitivity of antigen detection was about 100ng/mL of pure synthetic protein. The specificity and reproducibility of the ELISA kit were also validated and the results were as followed. This detection method not merely gave us a positive confirmatory result in early phase of the disease, but also practical in the diagnosis of prodromal and subclinical stage and might be useful for the rapid detection of Chikungunya virus from vector.</p>

Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (DRESS) Associated with Azithromycin in Acute Epstein‐Barr Virus Infection

We report the first pediatric case of drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms associated with azithromycin use in the setting of acute Epstein-Barr virus infection in an 8-year-old boy. Our patient presented with fever, cutaneous eruption, eosinophilia, and hypotension requiring intensive care unit admission. He was discharged in good condition without any long-term sequelae. This case underscores the importance of timely and accurate diagnosis of acute viral infections and appropriate use of antibiotics as well as recognition of the clinical signs of drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms.

Acute viral infections.

There have been important recent advances in the diagnosis of acute viral infections of the nervous system. Polymerase chain reaction amplification of nucleic acids in cerebrospinal fluid and tissues is a rapid and accurate tool in the diagnostic evaluation of patients with suspected infections. It has proved to be highly valuable in the noninvasive diagnosis of herpes simplex virus encephalitis and also in establishing the role of herpes simplex virus infection in Mollaret's meningitis. Improved diagnosis of herpesvirus infections should lead to more appropriate antiviral therapy and better outcomes.

Immunofluorescent Diagnosis of Acute Viral Infection

Immunofluorescent Diagnosis of Acute Viral Infection