Diagnosis Of Acute Gastroenteritis Research Articles

The Effectiveness of Honey Administration on Reducing the Frequency of Diarrhea in Children with Acute Gastroenteritis in the Carnation Room of Rsud Waled Cirebon District: Case Study

One of the causes of death in children is diarrhea. Diarrhea is an increased frequency of bowel movements and occurs more than 3x and with a soft and watery consistency due to the water content in the stool >200 ml / 24 hours which lasts < than 14 days. The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of giving honey to reduce the frequency of diarrhea in children. Method: The method uses a qualitative approach with case studies as the main method. Data collected through interviews, documentation, data analysis to the provision of intervention and evaluation. The research was conducted in the Carnation Room of Waled Hospital, Cirebon Regency in February 2024. The sample in this study was children treated with a diagnosis of acute gastroenteritis that focused on nursing problems, namely diarrhea. Honey intervention 3 times / day is given as much as 5 ml / 6 hours to children. Results: based on research that has been done researchers found that giving honey can reduce the frequency of diarrhea in children because of the content in honey

Internal hernia a preoperative diagnostic challenge in virgin abdomen: case report

Internal hernias are classified in congenital or acquired. Congenital arises from abnormalities during embryonic development, whereas acquired result from trauma, surgical procedures, or another. Gastric surgical procedures can increase susceptibility to internal hernias. A 85-year-old female, denies previous surgeries. Went to the emergency department due to vomiting, adding colicky abdominal pain. Was discharged with a diagnosis of acute gastroenteritis. Came back 12 hours after discharge due to mesogastric pain accompanied by general malaise, abdominal distention and hyporexia, reporting a lack of evacuation. She was algid, pale, abdomen globose, distended, tympanic colonic frame, peristalsis increased. An evaluation was requested from general surgery for probable appendicitis in the elderly vs. secondary ileus. Went to operation room, finding an internal hernia. Transomental herniations are rare conditions. An abnormal omental opening can be either acquired following abdominal surgery, trauma, inflammatory conditions, low body mass index (BMI) and be associated with a long mesentery, intestinal malrotation, or abnormal peritoneal attachments. Although internal hernias are extremely rare (between 1 and 4% of acute or intermittent intestinal obstructions) it is essential not to miss this diagnosis, even in patient whit no previous surgeries. Management of omental hernias are critical as the postoperative mortality rate is over 30% and even 50% if strangulation is present. The lack of current literature on this rare condition, particularly for lesser omental hernias (because can present with nonspecific signs and symptoms) makes diagnosis and management difficult.

Assessment of the Impact of the Rotavirus Vaccine Against Severe Rotaviral Diarrhea in Uzbekistan

BackgroundThis article presents the results of a long-term study of the impact of rotavirus vaccination in Uzbekistan. Uzbekistan is the first country in the Central Asian region to introduce rotavirus vaccination into the national compulsory vaccination calendar. The study aimed to evaluate the impact of rotavirus vaccination on hospitalizations due to all-cause AGE and RVGE in children < 5 years of age in Uzbekistan.MethodsDetection of rotavirus antigen was performed using Rotavirus-Antigen-IFA-BEST "Vector Best" kit (Novosibirsk, Russia).ResultsThe total of 20,128 children under 5 years of age were hospitalized in sentinel hospitals with a diagnosis of acute gastroenteritis during the study period (2019–2020). Of this number of children, 4481 children (22.2%) were included in the study. Of 4481 children, 367 (8.2%) children tested positive for rotavirus. In our study, decrease in the rotavirus rate was noted in all age groups. The peak of rotavirus positivity occurred in the months of January and February.ConclusionThe average rotavirus-positive rate in the period (2019–2020) was 8.2% and the absolute percentage decrease was 18.1% compared to the pre-vaccination period (2005–2009) where the rotavirus-positive rate was 26.3%. The percentage of prevented cases averaged 68.8%.

Frequency and seasonal distribution of adenovirus and rotavirus in children diagnosed with acute gastroenteritis: A single centre experience

Aim: We aimed to investigate the relationship between age, gender, and season with respect to the frequency of rotavirus and adenovirus antigens in stool specimens obtained from children one month to 18 years of age who were diagnosed with acute gastroenteritis.&#x0D; Materials and Methods: The records of stool specimen analyses for 1960 patients with diagnosis of acute gastroenteritis at our hospital from January 2017 to August 2022 were retrospectively examined. The patient's admission year, season, gender, age, and stool viral antigen test results were retrospectively analyzed from the file records.&#x0D; Results: Viral antigen was detected in stool specimen in 364 (13.8%) of the patients included in the study, while 92 (4.7%) of them were rotavirus and 180 (9.1%) were adenoviruses. We found that both rotavirus and adenovirus were most common in the children one month-2 years of age. In our study, rotavirus was most commonly detected in December and winter, while adenovirus was detected in March and spring. Twenty-six (28.2%) patients with rotavirus gastroenteritis and 68 (37.7%) patients with adenovirus gastroenteritis were hospitalized and treated.&#x0D; Conclusion: Our study showed now that rotavirus and adenovirus, which are the agents of viral gastroenteritis, are seen at a substantial rate. Especially in children under the two years of age, the frequency of detection of viral agents is higher. Enteric adenovirus and rotavirus were detected more frequently in winter and spring. We suggest that viral gastroenteritis agents should be considered and examined in children with suspected gastroenteritis.

An Unusual Cause of Acute Gastroenteritis, Ascites, and Eosinophilia in a 29-Year-Old Woman

An Unusual Cause of Acute Gastroenteritis, Ascites, and Eosinophilia in a 29-Year-Old Woman

Evaluation of treatment in acute gastroenteritis: A comparative study.

To compare the efficacy of only dietary recommendations, zinc, probiotics and combination therapies in children admitted with acute gastroenteritis. The comparative, prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted from October 2020 to April 2021 at the Paediatric Emergency Service after approval from the ethics review committee of Diyarbakir Gazi Yasargil Training and Research Hospital, Turkey, and comprised infants with a diagnosis of acute gastroenteritis who were divided into four groups. Only appropriate dietary recommendations were given to the control group 1, while group 2 was given a single probiotic containing bifidobacterium breve, bifidobacterium bifidum, bifidobacterium infantis and bifidobacterium longum strains. Group 3 was given zinc and group 4 was given probiotics and zinc. Demographic data of the patients, admission complaints, physical examination findings, dehydration degrees, and laboratory findings were recorded and analysed. Of the 132 subjects, 79 (59.8%) were males. The overall mean age was 27.5±3.6 months. There were 22 (16.7%) patients in group 1, 34 (25.8%) in group 2, 28 (21.2%) in group 3, and 48 (36.4%) in group 4. The mean duration time to diarrhoea termination was 84.5±10.7 hours (range: 79-89 hours) in group 1, 73.05±6.8 hours (range: 70.5-75.4 hours) in group 2, 80.1±10.3 hours (range: 76-84 hours) in group 3, and 43.5±9.6 hours (range: 46-48 hours) in group 4. Group 4 outcome was statistically significant (p<0.001). The efficiency of combined treatment with probiotics and zinc was found to be significantly better in the treatment of childhood acute gastroenteritis.

1149. Application of a Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction Test for Diagnosing Bacterial Enteritis in Children in a Real-Life Clinical Setting

BackgroundAlthough a bacterial multiplex polymerase chain reaction (mPCR) test should be performed selectively in patients with gastrointestinal symptoms consistent with bacterial enteritis, its usefulness has been evaluated upon stool samples as requested by clinicians, without considering the patients’ gastrointestinal symptoms or clinical diagnoses. This study aimed to determine the subjects to bacterial mPCR testing and to interpret the mPCR test results with considering patients’ clinical symptoms and diagnoses.MethodsMedical records of 710 pediatric patients for whom a bacterial mPCR test was performed were retrospectively reviewed. Clinical characteristics and mPCR test results were compared between patients with positive mPCR test results (n = 199) and those with negative mPCR test results (n = 511) and between patients in whom inflammatory pathogens (Campylobacter spp. and Salmonella spp.) were identified (n = 95) and those in whom toxigenic pathogens (Clostridium spp.) were identified (n = 70). ResultsA positive mPCR test result was significantly associated with an older age (p < 0.001), diagnosis of acute gastroenteritis (p = 0.021), presence of hematochezia (p < 0.001), and absence of cough (p = 0.004). The diagnosis of acute gastroenteritis (p = 0.003), presence of fever (p = 0.027) and diarrhea (p = 0.043), and a higher C-reactive protein level (p = 0.025) were significantly associated with the identification of inflammatory pathogens rather than toxigenic pathogens in patients with positive mPCR test results.ConclusionBacterial mPCR testing should be performed selectively based on patients’ clinical symptoms and diagnoses, and its results should be interpreted with considering identified pathogens.Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

Cost-effectiveness of oral ondansetron for children with acute gastroenteritis in primary care: a randomised controlled trial.

BackgroundAcute gastroenteritis is a common childhood condition with substantial medical and indirect costs, mostly because of referral, hospitalisation, and parental absence from work.AimTo determine the cost-effectiveness of adding oral ondansetron to care as usual (CAU) for children with acute gastroenteritis presenting to out-of-hours primary care (OOH-PC).Design and settingA pragmatic randomised controlled trial from December 2015 to January 2018, at three OOHPC centres in the north of the Netherlands (Groningen, Zwolle, and Assen) with a follow-up of 7 days.MethodChildren were recruited at the OOH-PC and parents kept a parental diary. Inclusion criteria were: aged 6 months–6 years; diagnosis of acute gastroenteritis; at least four reported episodes of vomiting 24 hours before presentation, at least one of which was in the 4 hours before presentation; and written informed consent from both parents. Children were randomly allocated at a 1:1 ratio to either CAU (oral rehydration therapy) or CAU plus one dose of 0.1 mg/kg oral ondansetron.ResultsIn total, 194 children were included for randomisation. One dose of oral ondansetron decreased the proportion of children who continued vomiting within the first 4 hours from 42.9% to 19.5%, (a decrease of 54.5%), with an odds ratio of 0.4 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.2 to 0.7; number needed to treat: four). Total mean costs in the ondansetron group were 31.2% lower (€488 [£420] versus €709 [£610]), and the total incremental mean costs for an additional child free of vomiting in the first 4 hours was −€9 (£8) (95% CI = −€41 [£35] to €3 [£3]).ConclusionA single oral dose of ondansetron for children with acute gastroenteritis, given in OOH-PC settings, is both clinically beneficial and cost-effective.

Application of a Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction Test for Diagnosing Bacterial Enteritis in Children in a Real-Life Clinical Setting.

This study aimed to determine the subjects for bacterial multiplex polymerase chain reaction (mPCR) testing and to interpret the mPCR test results based on patients’ clinical symptoms and diagnoses. The medical records of 710 pediatric patients who underwent a bacterial mPCR test were retrospectively reviewed. Clinical characteristics and mPCR test results were compared between patients with positive (n = 199) and negative mPCR test results (n = 511) and between patients with invasive pathogens (n = 95) and toxigenic pathogens (n = 70). Positive mPCR test results were significantly associated with older age (p < 0.001), diagnosis of acute gastroenteritis (p = 0.021), presence of hematochezia (p < 0.001), and absence of cough (p = 0.004). The diagnosis of acute gastroenteritis (p = 0.003), presence of fever (p = 0.027) and diarrhea (p = 0.043), and higher C-reactive protein levels (p = 0.025) were significantly associated with the identification of invasive pathogens in patients with positive mPCR test results. Thus, selective bacterial mPCR testing should be performed based on the patients’ clinical symptoms and diagnoses, and the results should be interpreted in consideration with identified pathogens.

Prevalence and genotype distribution of group A rotavirus circulating in Shanxi Province, China during 2015\u20132019

BackgroundGroup A rotavirus (RVA), despite being a leading cause of gastroenteritis in infants and young children, is less studied in Shanxi Province, China. The current study was conducted to determine the prevalence and genetic characterization of RVA in hospitalized children younger than 10 years of age with the diagnosis of acute gastroenteritis in Shanxi Province, China.MethodsA hospital-based active surveillance of rotavirus gastroenteritis was conducted at Children’s Hospital of Shanxi from Jan 1, 2015, through Dec 31, 2019. Rotavirus was detected in stool samples by real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR). G- and P-genotypes were determined by reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) and nucleotide sequencing.ResultsA total of 961 children younger than 10 years of age was enrolled over the study period, of whom 183 (19.0%) were positive for RVA. The highest RVA-infection frequency (23.7%) was found among children aged 12–23 months, and the seasonal peak was in December. G9P[8] was most prevalent (76.0%), followed by G3P[8] (7.1%), G2P[4] (3.3%), G1P[8] (0.5%) and G9P[4] (0.5%).ConclusionsThese results report for the first time that RVA was one of the main causes of severe infectious gastroenteritis in children, and a high proportion of G9P[8] strains circulating in most areas of Shanxi Province. While the protective efficacy of the rotavirus vaccines has been demonstrated against G9P[8] strains, our results highlight that the dominant strains have not been effectively controlled in China.

FRECUENCIA DE HIPONATREMIA EN PACIENTES CON GASTROENTERITIS AGUDA TRATADA CON LÍQUIDOS INTRAVENOSOS EN EL HOSPITAL DEL NIÑO DR. JOSÉ RENÁN ESQUIVEL ENERO A DICIEMBRE 2016

Introducción: La gastroenteritis aguda es una de las principales causas de morbilidad y mortalidad en la infancia. Numerosos estudios han confirmado la seguridad y eficacia de la terapia de rehidratación oral, sin embargo, la rehidratación intravenosa se continúa utilizando en escenarios donde no es posible hidratar al paciente por vía enteral. Durante la última década, se han acumulado pruebas que sugieren que la administración de un líquido de mantenimiento intravenoso hipotónico en niños hospitalizados aumenta el riesgo de hiponatremia. Objetivo general: Determinar la frecuencia de hiponatremia en pacientes con gastroenteritis que reciben soluciones salina hipotónicas en la salas Pediatría del Hospital del Niño Doctor José Renán Esquivel entre enero a diciembre del 2016. Materiales y Métodos: Realizaremos un estudio de cohorte retrospectivo, descriptivo. Examinaremos los expedientes clínicos de niños sin antecedentes patológicos previos de 1 mes a 15 años que habían ingresado a sala de pediatría del Hospital del Niño Doctor José Renán Esquivel de enero a diciembre de 2016, con diagnóstico de gastroenteritis aguda. Para la obtención de la muestra utilizamos un 95% de Confianza, la muestra obtenida fue de 190 pacientes y fue calculada utilizando el programa Epi Info versión 7.0 Resultados: No hubo diferencias significativas en el desarrollo de hiponatremia secundario al uso de soluciones salinas hipotónicas Conclusión: No se registró hiponatremia en pacientes con gastroenteritis aguda que reciben soluciones salinas hipotónicas en la salas de Pediatría del Hospital del Niño Doctor José Renán Esquivel.

Diagnosis of Acute Gastroenteritis with Immunochromatography and Effectiveness of Rotavirus Vaccine in a Japanese Clinic.

Despite the well known effectiveness of two licensed live attenuated oral rotavirus (RV)-vaccines, Rotarix and RotaTeq, constant monitoring of vaccine effectiveness (VE) is essential considering the evolving power and reassortment capability of RVs. In this study, we detected RV, norovirus (NV) and adenovirus (AV) infections using immunochromatography (IC)-based kits in children with acute gastroenteritis (AGE) who attended a pediatric clinic in Kiryu city, Gunma, Japan during June, 2014–September, 2018. VEs were determined using a test-negative study design. Among 1658 AGE-children, RV, NV and AV were detected in 96 (5.8 %), 146 (8.8 %) and 46 (2.8 %) children, respectively. Interestingly, the distributions of infections were found to be associated with age and sex. Namely, RV infections were significantly higher in female (P=0.02) and in the 19–30 month age group children, while NV and AV infections predominated in the 13–24 month and 7–18 month age groups, respectively. The disease severity for RV and NV infections remained similar and significantly higher than that of AV infections. The VE of RV-vaccines was 49.8 % (95 % CI: 22.7 to 67.3 %) against all RV infections, which was increased up to 67.2 % (95 % CI: 35.3 to 83.4 %) against severe RV infections. RV-vaccinated children experienced less severe symptoms in RV-infections while non-RV AGE remained less serious for both RV-vaccinated and unvaccinated children. Finally, the prevalence of RV infection remained minimized (≤5.4 %) in this population since 2015. Thus, this study provided important information on distribution of major AGEs in young children and exhibited the effective role of RV vaccines in post-vaccine era.

Dehidratacija kod djece kao posljedica gastroenteritisa

Acute gastroenteritis (AGE) is a common cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. There are various causes of AGE, but the most common are viruses and bacteria. A viral AGE can present with a very serious clinical picture, especially in newborns, small children and immunocompromised adults. It is most important to recognize and prevent complications, to treat dehidration in a timely manner and to adapt treatment to the severity of the clinical picture. Objective To determine the number of children who presented with signs of AGE and fever to the Children's Infirmary of the Emergency Medical Aid Department in the Community Health Center, Banja Luka (EMAD CHC BL) during a three month period, the therapy they received in prehospital settings and the number of children reffered to the hospital for further treatment. Methods Using retrospective analysis, data was collected from the Children's Infirmary Protocol on 478 children who reported to the EMAD CHC BL between 01.10.2017. and 31.12.2017. The following data was collected on each patient: age, sex, body temperature, lab results, diagnosis, therapy and referral to the hospital. Analysis was performed on patients with the diagnosis of Acute Gastroenteritis and High Fever, as well as High Fever accompanying any other diagnosis. Results of all the children included in the analysis, 245 (51.26%) were male and 233 (48.74%) were female. The greatest number of patients (161-33.68%) were schoolchildren over the age of 7. 316 children had fever, ranging from 37.5oCto 39oC.Out of 275 laboratory tests perfomed, 216 had pathological findings. 89,54% were treated with probiotics and oral rehidratation. Antibiotic therapy was prescribed to 37.87% of the patients, 3.35% of the children's parents received advice, 4.90% got antipyretics and only 0.42% were treated with i.v. fluids. Of all the children reffered to the hospital, 21 (4%) were reffered to the Clinic for Infectious Diseases, 29 (6%) to the Children's Department at the hospital, while 428 (90%) completed their treatment at the infirmary. Conclusion In treating viral AGE it is of the utmost importance to restore the balance of fluids and electrolytes in the body. Probiotics are prescribed to restore the normal gut microflora. In less severe cases, it is most important to alleviate the symptoms of the disease, while in more severe cases it is necessary to include i.v. fluids in order to prevent dehidration from developing and sometimes even hospitalization is necessary. The rotavirus vaccine should be made available to all, especially to high risk children.

Demographic Characteristics of Children Hospitalized with the Diagnosis of Acute Gastroenteritis in Konya

Demographic Characteristics of Children Hospitalized with the Diagnosis of Acute Gastroenteritis in Konya

Demographic Characteristics of Children Hospitalized with the Diagnosis of Acute Gastroenteritis in Konya

Demographic Characteristics of Children Hospitalized with the Diagnosis of Acute Gastroenteritis in Konya

Complementary Nutrition and Breastfeeding In Rotavirus Diarrhea

Background: Rotavirus is the most common cause of acute gastroenteritis due to severe diarrhea and related hospitalizations and infant deaths, especially in the infant stage in both developed and developing countries. The aim of this study is to retrospectively determine the frequency, seasonal distribution and nutritional relationship of rotavirus in infants who were admitted to our hospital with the diagnosis of acute gastroenteritis. Material and Method: 383 infants who were admitted to the hospital between October 2016 and March 2018 with the diagnosis of acute gastroenteritis and examined for rotavirus antigen in feces. Results: The average age of 383 infants taken to study is 8.2 months. 41.8% of the patients were female (n:160) and 58.2% were male (n:223). When stool specimens were examined, 33.68% (n:129) rotavirus antigens were detected in 383 cases. Of these 129 cases in whom rotavirus antigen was detected, 41.9% were female (n:54) and 58.1% were male (n:75). Discussion: We think that rotavirus should be kept in mind as an agent of acute diarrhea especially in winter and spring in infants. Thus unnecessary and costly investigations and treatments can be prevented. Additionally, breastfeeding only in the first 180 days will reduce the frequency of rotavirus diarrhea in the infant period. Keywords: Breastfeeding, complementary nutrition, infant, rotavirus

A Peculiar Case of Phosphine Toxicity

SESSION TITLE: Occupational and Environmental Lung Diseases SESSION TYPE: Affiliate Case Report Poster PRESENTED ON: Tuesday, October 31, 2017 at 01:30 PM - 02:30 PM INTRODUCTION: Phosphine gas is a colorless, flammable and highly toxic gas. Despite aggressive measures, phosphine gas toxicity has a very high mortality rate due to cardiopulmonary failure. We present an unusual case of aluminum phosphide toxicity who was the sole survivor in her family. CASE PRESENTATION: A 45-year-old woman with no medical problems presented to emergency room (ER) with acute onset of nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and dyspnea. Four children also presented with similar symptoms. Family was discharged with diagnosis of acute gastroenteritis. Because of worsening respiratory distress, family again presented to ER. Diagnosis of phosphine toxicity (PT) was made based on history. Husband sprayed Aluminum Phosphide (AP) rodenticide underneath the trailer about 2 weeks ago. Then he attempted to wash out the substance with water, which resulted in creation of phosphine gas. All four children passed away in the ER from severe cardiogenic shock and acute hypoxic respiratory failure from pulmonary edema. She was intubated due to worsening multi-organ failure. Bedside ultrasound showed significantly reduced ejection fraction. Patient was started on vasopressors and inotropes. Patient was taken to cath lab for emergent Impella ventricular support device. Arrangements were made to transfer patient to a tertiary care center for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Patient was supported with ECMO until patient stabilized. She was discharged home in stable condition without any organ injury. She was the sole survivor of the family due to aggressive management of cardiorespiratory failure. DISCUSSION: Metallic phosphides (zinc and aluminum phosphide) are used worldwide as rodenticides and pesticides. They are banned in US so toxicity is rare here. Acute respiratory failure can occur due to pulmonary edema. Mortality often occurs from severe cardiac toxicity which leads to cardiac arrhythmias or refractory shock and cardiac failure. The cornerstone of treatment is supportive measures, which include oxygen and possible intubation for respiratory support; IVF, vasopressors for hypotension and shock. However, aggressive treatment by emergent Impella and ECMO support was necessary. CONCLUSIONS: PT is a fairly rare occurrence but remains to be a public health threat. Its high mortality rate and when the gas dissipates into the air can affect a large population. Supportive measures are the mainstay of treatment. More research needs to be conducted in order to expand knowledge of the treatment. It is strongly recommended to transfer these patients to ECMO supporting centers as they deteriorate rapidly and are unresponsive to ACLS protocol when the cardiovascular system collapses. Reference #1: Gupta S, Ahlawat SK. Aluminum phosphide poisoning--a review. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 1995; 33:19. DISCLOSURE: The following authors have nothing to disclose: Totini Chatterjee, Omar Salh, Thien Vo, Manish Patel No Product/Research Disclosure Information

FilmArray\u2122 GI panel performance for the diagnosis of acute gastroenteritis or hemorragic diarrhea

BackgroundAcute gastroenteritis is a common cause of morbidity and mortality in humans worldwide. The rapid and specific identification of infectious agents is crucial for correct patient management. However, diagnosis of acute gastroenteritis is usually performed with diagnostic panels that include only a few pathogens. In the present bicentric study, the diagnostic value of FilmArray™ GI panels was assessed in unformed stool samples of patients with acute gastroenteritis and in a series of samples collected from pediatric patients with heamorragic diarrhea. The clinical performance of the FilmArray™ gastrointestinal (GI) panel was assessed in 168 stool samples collected from patients with either acute gastroenteritis or hemorragic diarrhea. Samples showing discordant results between FilmArray and routine methods were further analyzed with an additional assay.ResultsOverall, the FilmArray™ GI panel detected at least one potential pathogen in 92/168 (54.8%) specimens. In 66/92 (71.8%) samples, only one pathogen was detected, while in 26/92 (28.2%) multiple pathogens were detected.The most frequent pathogens were rotavirus 13.9% (22/168), Campylobacter 10.7% (18/168), Clostridium difficile 9.5% (16/168), and norovirus 8.9% (15/168). Clostridium difficile was identified only in patients with acute gastroenteritis (p < 0.01), while STEC was detected exclusively in patients with hemorragic diarrhea (p < 0.01). In addition, Campylobacter spp., Salmonella spp., EPEC and E. coli producing Shiga-like toxin were more frequently detected in patients with hemorragic diarrhea (p < 0.05). The overall percent agreement calculated in samples was 73.8% and 65.5%, while 34.5% were discordant. After additional confirmatory analyses, the proportion of discordant samples decreased to 7.7%. Rotavirus and astrovirus were the most frequently unconfirmed pathogens.ConclusionIn conclusion, the FilmArray™ GI panel has proved to be a valuable new diagnostic tool for improving the diagnostic efficiency of GI pathogens.

Characteristics of nontyphoidal Salmonella gastroenteritis in Taiwanese children: A 9-year period retrospective medical record review.

Nontyphoidal Salmonella is among the most common causes of acute pediatric gastroenteritis in Taiwan. It is important to study antibiotic resistance patterns in nontyphoidal Salmonella isolated from children. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of serogroups and susceptibility to antimicrobial nontyphoidal Salmonella isolated from Taiwanese children with gastroenteritis. A retrospective review of the medical records of patients aged under 18 years with a diagnosis of acute gastroenteritis at a regional hospital located in southern Taiwan from August 2000 to August 2009 was conducted. Patients whose records documented stool cultures positive for nontyphoidal Salmonella underwent serogrouping and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Of the 1938 patients diagnosed with acute gastroenteritis, 100 (5.2%) had nontyphoidal Salmonella infections. Most of the cases of nontyphoidal Salmonella gastroenteritis occurred during the summer months of July and August. The most common Salmonella strains isolated were classified as belonging to serogroup B (51%). Three cases had blood cultures that tested positive for nontyphoidal Salmonella, all of which were classified as belonging to serogroup C2. Isolates from the stool cultures of 23 cases that occurred between 2007 and 2009 were further tested to determine their antimicrobial susceptibility profiles, and 87% of these isolates were sensitive to two common third-generation cephalosporins (cefotaxime and ceftriaxone). In conclusion, the results of this nine-year period medical record review study suggested that although extended-spectrum cephalosporins were more effective than ampicillin and ciprofloxacin in treating childhood nontyphoidal Salmonella gastroenteritis, only 87% of isolates were susceptible to these agents. Prevention through proper hygienic practices to minimize potential exposure to nontyphoidal Salmonella is clearly a better strategy than treating patients with antibiotics following the incidence of infection.

Does increased duration of consultant presence affect length of hospital stay for unplanned admissions in acute paediatrics?: an observational before-and-after analysis using administrative healthcare data

ObjectivesThis study aims to review whether implementation of increased duration of consultant presence is associated with reduction in length of hospital stay (LoS) in children with an unplanned admission to...