Diabetic Elderly Women Research Articles

The impact of theory-based education on promoting urinary tract infection prevention behaviours among elderly diabetic women - experimental study.

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a prevalent infection among the elderly population, often culminating in more severe and life-threatening complications. The prevalence of diabetes among elderly individuals is markedly on the rise, with UTI emerging as the most prevalent infectious ailment in this diabetic cohort. This study aims to ascertain the influence of theory-based education on promoting UTI prevention behaviours among elderly diabetic women. In this experimental study, 100 elderly women with diabetes who sought care at comprehensive health service centres in Miandoab City between January and May 2022 were assessed. Multistage random sampling was employed, and an educational intervention was designed according to the health belief model (HBM) constructs. Data collected before and one month after the educational intervention were analysed with a validated and reliable researcher-designed questionnaire. The participants had a mean age of 62.30 ±7.63 years. There was significant disparity between the experimental and control groups concerning the mean scores for knowledge, HBM constructs, and behaviour, with adjustments made for baseline differences. In essence, the intervention had significant affects, resulting in heightened levels of knowledge, improvements in HBM constructs, and more favourable behavioural changes. The effect size was moderate for perceived benefits and severity, while it was large for other variables (p < 0.05). The research findings validate the effectiveness of an intervention grounded in HBM for fostering UTI prevention behaviours among elderly diabetic women. Consequently, such an approach is recommended for enhancing the overall health of elderly diabetic women.

Impacts of covid-19 on sleep quality and autonomic function in elderly diabetic women.

to analyze the quality of sleep and cardiac autonomic modulation of elderly diabetic women in the post-covid-19 syndrome. 41 elderly women, aged 60-75years, with a diagnosis of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and who had covid-19 were included, divided into three groups: 14 in the Diabetes without covid-19 group (DG), 15 in the Diabetes with covid-19 group (CG), 12 in the Diabetes with covid-19 group who had Pulmonary Compromise (IG). Sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh questionnaire, anamnesis, capillary blood glucose, blood pressure collection, anthropometry, resting electrocardiogram for 10min for heart rate variability (HRV) analysis. Data were analyzed by 1-way ANOVA followed by Tukey-Kramer Multiple Comparisons Test, significance for p≤0.05. there was no significant difference in age, blood glucose, blood pressure, and body composition between the groups. In the analysis of sleep quality, there was significance in the following indices: sleep duration, sleep efficiency, sleep disturbances, and daytime sleepiness. Further, there was a reduction in autonomic indices between CG vs. DG: VarRR (ms2), SDNN (ms), SD1 (ms), TINN (ms), HF-log (ms2), LF-log (ms2); and between IG vs. DG: VarRR (ms2), SDNN (ms), RMSSD (ms), SD1 (ms), SD2 (ms), and HF-log (ms2). it is suggestive that diabetic elderly women who had covid-19, with and without pulmonary impairment, have impaired sleep quality and interference on HRV with decreased parasympathetic autonomic modulation.

Number of Births and Risk of Diabetes in China's Older Women.

As an important life event in individuals' life, childbirth will affect the health of women to different degrees. More and more attention has been paid to whether the number of births will affect the incident diabetes in elderly women, but there are few related studies. Based on the data of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey in 2018, 6,159 older women are selected as the study population. Logistic regression analyses are used to estimate the relationship between the number of births and diabetes risk. For each additional birth, the odds ratio of maternal diabetes will decrease by 6.9% and the result is significant at the 1% level, especially among mothers having four children or less. The conclusion is equally applicable in the sample of fathers and urban mothers, but the increase in the number of births will increase the risk of diabetes in rural mothers, although this result is not statistically significant. Later age at first birth, later age at last birth, the longer childbearing period, and birth interval will significantly reduce the risk of diabetes.

Prognosis Impact of Diabetes in Elderly Women and Men with Non-ST Elevation Acute Coronary Syndrome.

Few studies have addressed to date the interaction between sex and diabetes mellitus (DM) in the prognosis of elderly patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTEACS). Our aim was to address the role of DM in the prognosis of non-selected elderly patients with NSTEACS according to sex. A retrospective analysis from 11 Spanish NSTEACS registries was conducted, including patients aged ≥70 years. The primary end point was one-year all-cause mortality. A total of 7211 patients were included, 2,770 (38.4%) were women, and 39.9% had DM. Compared with the men, the women were older (79.95 ± 5.75 vs. 78.45 ± 5.43 years, p < 0.001) and more often had a history of hypertension (77% vs. 83.1%, p < 0.01). Anemia and chronic kidney disease were both more common in women. On the other hand, they less frequently had a prior history of arteriosclerotic cardiovascular disease or comorbidities such as peripheral artery disease and chronic pulmonary disease. Women showed a worse clinical profile on admission, though an invasive approach and in-hospital revascularization were both more often performed in men (p < 0.001). At a one-year follow-up, 1090 patients (15%) had died, without a difference between sexes. Male sex was an independent predictor of mortality (HR = 1.15, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.32, p = 0.035), and there was a significant interaction between sex and DM (p = 0.002). DM was strongly associated with mortality in women (HR: 1.45, 95% CI = 1.18–1.78; p < 0.001), but not in men (HR: 0.98, 95% CI = 0.84–1.14; p = 0.787). In conclusion, DM is associated with mortality in older women with NSTEACS, but not in men.

Effect of dynamic exercise of upper limb versus lower limb on diabetic elderly women

Background: Complications from type II diabetes mellitus (DM) are especially serious for older people. Objective: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of upper limb ergometry against lower limb ergometry in reducing blood glucose levels in elderly women. Materials and methods: Forty female patients, aged 60-70, with type II DM took part in the study. Pre-treatment, the mean ± SD values for blood glucose were 279.9 ± 60.99 mg/dl in group A while in group B they were 281.7 ± 38.69 mg/dl. Two groups of involving 20 subjects each were used in this study. Group (A) received upper-extremity ergometry activities, whereas Group (B) received lower-extremity ergometry exercises. Prior to and following three sessions per week for three months, blood glucose levels were monitored. Results: Upper extremity ergometry exercise is more effective than lower extremity ergometry exercise in reducing blood glucose level. Improvement in blood sugar levels was higher (21.04%) in group (A) than in group (B) (12.26%). Conclusion: Blood glucose levels in elderly women were shown to be more effectively controlled with upper extremity ergometry exercise than with lower extremity exercise.

Sarcopenia and Appendicular Muscle Mass as Predictors of Impaired Fasting Glucose/Type 2 Diabetes in Elderly Women.

Elderly women exhibit a high risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D), but no definitive data exist about the possible role of postmenopausal increases in visceral adiposity, the loss of lean body mass, or decreases in the sum of the lean mass of arms and legs (appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASMM)). This retrospective, longitudinal study investigated whether body composition (bioelectrical impedance analysis) predicted the development of impaired fasting glucose (IFG) or T2D in a cohort of 159 elderly women (age: 71 ± 5 years, follow-up: 94 months) from southern Italy (Clinical Nutrition and Geriatric Units of the “Mater Domini” University Hospital in Catanzaro, Calabria region, and the “P. Giaccone ”University Hospital in Palermo, Sicily region). Sarcopenia was defined in a subgroup of 128 women according to the EWGSOP criteria as the presence of low muscle strength (handgrip strength <16 kg) plus low muscle mass (reported as appendicular skeletal muscle mass <15 kg). Participants with a low ASMM had a higher IFG/T2D incidence than those with a normal ASMM (17% vs. 6%, p-adjusted = 0.044); this finding was independent of BMI, fat mass, waist circumference, and habitual fat intake (OR = 3.81, p = 0.034). A higher incidence of IFG/T2D was observed in the subgroup with sarcopenia than those without sarcopenia (33% vs. 7%, p-adjusted = 0.005) independent of BMI and fat mass (OR = 6.75, p = 0.007). In conclusion, this study demonstrates that elderly women with low ASMM had a higher probability of developing IFG/T2D. Further studies are needed to confirm these results in men and in other age groups.

In vivo determination of dermal water content in chronological skin aging by confocal Raman spectroscopy

The study involves 73 female participants including 40 healthy young (19–37 years), 17 non-diabetic elderly (50–80 years) and 16 diabetic elderly (54–91 years). The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the water content of human dermis by in vivo confocal Raman spectroscopy. The results pointed out that the total water content of the dermis is 74.4 % ± 3.7, 71.8 % ± 2.4, and 73.7 % ± 3.7 for diabetic elderly, healthy young adults, and healthy elderly women, respectively. The difference in total water content between elderly diabetic women vs healthy young women and for healthy elderly women vs healthy young women was 2.7 and 1.6 %, respectively. A way to analyze only bounded water (independent of the use of skin – tools) in the amino acids chain of collagen was performed subtracting the Raman water spectrum of the mean Raman spectra of the free groups of participants. The bounded water in the collagen fibers was found at 3515 – 3700 cm−1 and corresponds to 31.84 % in healthy young, 34.69 % in healthy elderly, and 33.47 % in diabetic elderly women. This study showed that both the total human dermal water concentration and bounded water could be measured in vivo using confocal Raman spectroscopy.

Combined in vivo confocal Raman spectroscopy and density functional theory to detect carboxymethyl(lysine) in the human stratum corneum

A set of thirty confocal Raman spectra of the stratum corneum of women classified as healthy young, healthy elderly and diabetic elderly were acquired and analyzed, focusing the identification of the advanced glycation ends products (AGEs), specifically the N(6)-Carboxymethyllysine (CML), also named as 2-Amino-6-(carboxymethylamino)hexanoic acid. The analysis was done considering that CML in the skin of young pH values can exists principally in two forms: as zwitterion and as a monoanionic species. Identification of CML in the set of experimental confocal Raman spectra. The acidic form may only exist in lower or in negligible concentrations compared with the other species present in solution at the skin pH. Simulated Raman spectra through the DFT/B3LYP/6-311 G (d, p) procedure were obtained for the CML-zwitterion and for CM-monoanionic species. Identification of CML in the set of experimental confocal Raman spectra of the skin of young, healthy elderly and diabetic elderly women was done by comparison with the confocal Raman spectrum of CML; by comparison between the calculated B3LYP/6-311 G spectrum of CML with the second derivative spectrum of the mean value of the confocal Raman spectra of skin of the three groups of participants; by comparison between the second derivative spectrum of the three groups of participants with the confocal Raman spectrum of CML. Differences between the three groups of spectra was analyzed through band deconvolution analysis (BDA) and the corresponding Gaussian fitting, indicating the following relative concentration of the CML spectral coincident bands for each group: 33% (healthy young women - HYW), 35% (healthy elderly women - HEW) and 32% for (elderly diabetic women-EDW).

Acute Whole Body Vibration Decreases the Glucose Levels in Elderly Diabetic Women.

Type II diabetes (TIIDM) is characterized by high levels of blood glucose followed by excessive insulin release so that the target cells become less sensitive, developing insulin resistance and maintaining hyperglycemic levels. Physical activity is the strongest element to prevent and to manage the TIIDM, and the majority of patients do not remain in regularly active levels, because the premature fatigue in these patients decreases the adherence to the training. Contrastingly, the whole body vibration (WBV) training may improve the glucose metabolism in diabetic patients, reducing the peripheral blood sugar, decreasing the physical discomfort and perceived exertion. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to determine the effect of an acute WBV session as therapy to promote fasting decreases in insulin levels in peripheral blood in TIIDM when compared to healthy elderly. For this, fifteen healthy elderly women and fourteen diabetic elderly women, all sedentary, were allocated in diabetic or control groups, and we made an acute whole body session composed of 10 bouts lasting 2 minutes each one, separated by a 30-second rest period. The WBV was executed in a triaxial platform MY3 Power Plate® at 35 hertz and has been chosen a peak-to-peak displacement of 4 millimeters. After the protocol, both groups decreased the glycemic levels and increased lactate production in relation to the basal levels and when compared diabetic and control, where the most important results have been shown in diabetic women. This study revealed that WBV training in TIIDM has had significant beneficial effects on the control of glucose levels, still in an acute session. So that, the complete training probably will show better results about glycemic control and this finding could be especially important when prescribing exercise for elderly who are unable or unwilling to use traditional loads or who show poor exercise compliance.

Diabetic Elderly: Correlation Between Falls and Risk Factors

Introduction: The fall event, when associated with Diabetes Mellitus in the elderly, is multifactorial, however, it can be triggered by the reduction of functional capacity, mainly of the lower limbs. Objective: To correlate the fall event and risk factors in diabetic elderly. Methodology: Cross-sectional and correlational study, approved by the Ethics Committee in Research with Human Subjects (CAAE: 0127.0.106.000-09) and composed of elderly diabetic patients accompanied by medical professionals in a nucleus of attention to the elderly of a Brazilian public university. The instruments used were: semi-structured questionnaire with clinical data (age, gender, body mass index (BMI) and number of falls), Timed Up &amp; Go test (TUG) and Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB). Statistical analysis used the Spearman correlation. Results: Diabetic elderly (70.37 ± 6.65 years) were matched according to gender and age (1: 1 ratio), two groups were selected for correlation analysis, one with 28 men and the other with 28 women. In the correlation between genders, of the variables age and BMI with number of falls, TUG and SPPB, only women presented correlations between age and number of falls (rho = 0.382, p = 0.045), TUG (rho = 0.529, p = 0.004 ) and SPPB (rho = -0.547, p = 0.003), as well as between BMI and TUG (rho = 0.532, p = 0.004). Discussion: These findings corroborate the current literature, demonstrating that the reduction of functional capacity during aging, when associated with the presence of chronic diseases, increases the risk of falls. Conclusion: As the age advances, the elderly diabetic women become more susceptible to falls than men, possibly due to reduced functional capacity of the lower limbs and gait speed. And overweight seems to influence the reduction of the pace of walking.

Statins linked to new-onset diabetes in elderly women

Statins linked to new-onset diabetes in elderly women

취약계층 당뇨병 여성노인의 대사증후군지표와 심혈관 위험정도가 우울증상 여부에 미치는 요인

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify influencing factors of metabolic index and cardiovascular risk factors, on depressive and non-depressive groups, in vulnerable diabetic elderly women. Methods: Participants were 137 vulnerable diabetic elderly women, using health centers in D city. Data were collected through interviews September though December 2017. The metabolic index was measured using National Cholesterol Education Program-Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATP III), and cardiovascular risk factors were measured using Framingham Risk Score (FRS). Depressive and non-depressive groups were divided by the score of Geriartric Depress Scale Short Korea Version (GDSSF). Collected data were analyzed using a x2 test, independent t-test, and binary logistic regression, with the SPSS/WIN 25.0 program. Results: Vulnerable diabetic elderly women, did not exercise in the depressive groups, and had higher triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC) and larger waists, than in the non-depressive group. Results show that lack of exercise (OR=6.30), is the highest risk factor, influencing the depressive symptom in vulnerable diabetic elderly women. Conclusion: These results suggest that to reduce depressive symptom levels among vulnerable diabetic elderly women, nursing interventions are needed to increase exercise and decrease TG, TC, and waist size, particularly in improving exercise of vulnerable diabetic elderly women. Key Words: Electronic nicotine delivery systems; Tobacco smoke pollution; Smoking; Attitude; Adaptation; psychological Key Words: ì „ìžë‹´ë°°; ê°„ì ‘í¡ì—°; 흡연; 태도; 흡연대처행동

DFT:B3LYP/3-21G theoretical insights on the confocal Raman experimental observations in skin dermis of healthy young, healthy elderly, and diabetic elderly women.

In the confocal Raman spectra of skin dermis, the band area in the spectral region of proline and hydroxyproline varies according to the age and health condition of the volunteers, classified as healthy young women, healthy elderly women, and diabetic elderly women. Another observation refers to the intensity variation and negative Raman shift of the amide I band. To understand these effects, we adopted a model system using the DFT/B3LYP:3-21G procedure, considering the amino acid chain formed by glycine, hydroxyproline, proline, and alanine, which interacts with two and six water molecules. Through these systems, polarizability variations were analyzed to correlate its values with the observed Raman intensities of the three groups of volunteers and to assign the vibrational spectra of the skin dermis. As a way to correlate other experimental trends, we propose a model of chemical reaction of water interchange between the bonding amino acids, in which water molecules are attached with glucose by hydrogen bonds. The theoretical results are in accordance with the observed experimental trends.

Effects of aerobic exercise on functional capacity, anthropometric measurements and inflammatory markers in diabetic elderly women

This study investigated the effects of an aerobic training program on functional capacity [Timed Up and Go test (TUG), timed 10-mwalk test (10MWT), five-repetition sit-to-stand test (5-STS), handgrip strength test (HGS) and one-legged stance test (OLS)], anthropometric measurements [body mass, body mass index (BMI), waist and hip circumferences and waist-to-hip ratio] and plasma levels of inflammatory markers [soluble tumor necrosis factor receptors 1 and 2, and interleukins 6 and 10] in 43 elderly women with type 2 diabetes mellitus. After the training, a significant improvement was observed in the performance of the participants on the TUG, 10MWT, 5-STS and HGS and in the anthropometric measures of body mass, BMI and hip circumference. None of the inflammatory markers showed a significant difference between pre- and post-training. The aerobic exercise program improved the functional capacity of diabetic elderly women, but was ineffective to change the levels of the inflammatory markers evaluated.

RM1 semi empirical and DFT: B3LYP/3-21G theoretical insights on the confocal Raman experimental observations in qualitative water content of the skin dermis of healthy young, healthy elderly and diabetic elderly women’s

In the confocal Raman spectra of skin dermis, the band area of proline and hydroxyproline in the fingerprint spectral region of 800–1000cm−1, where their vibrational modes are assigned, varied according to the age of the woman volunteers. The other aging effect observed in the Raman spectra is in the Amide I band in the spectral region between 1580 and 1720cm−1, where a softening in the Raman shift and intensity variation is detected depending of the vibrational groups. It is well known that the water quantity in healthy human skin dermis increases with age. However, in the elderly with diabetic disease, the increased sugar content directly affect the proline and hydroxyproline peaks as well as the water content in the dermis. The first approach in this work was theoretically modeling these systems using the RM1 semi empirical method, which represent proline and hydroxyproline interacting with one to four water molecule and with glucose. This task predicted how many hydrogen bonds were formed with the two amino acids and glucose. The subsequent model was built using DFT/B3LYP:3-21G procedures considering the amino acids chain formed by hydroxyproline and proline alone, which interact with one and four water molecules. We analyzed the dipole moment and polarizability variation to determine the hydrogen bonds in these systems. We chose the DFT/B3LYP:3-21G method to assign the vibrational modes of the skin dermis as a way to correlate the experimental trends. To explain the profile of lower intensity in the hydroxyproline and proline spectral region in diabetic elderly women, we proposed a chemical reaction of water interchange between the bonding amino acids and glucose, and we considered also the natural decreasing of collagen due to the glycation process. Theoretical results agree well with the observed experimental results.

Effect of obesity and type 2 diabetes on protein anabolic response to insulin in elderly women

Obesity and type 2 diabetes have been shown to alter the insulin sensitivity of glucose and protein metabolism in middle-aged women. We aimed to determine whether these findings translate to the elderly who are at increased risk of muscle loss. We assessed whole-body protein (1-13C-leucine) and glucose (3-3H-glucose) kinetics in 10 healthy (age: 71.6±1.8years; BMI: 23.2±0.8kg/m2), 8 obese (age: 72.9±1.3; BMI: 33.1±1.0) and 8 obese well-controlled type 2 diabetic (age: 69.8±1.6; BMI: 34.4±1.5) elderly women in the postabsorptive state and during a hyperinsulinemic, euglycemic, isoaminoacidemic clamp. All subjects followed an isoenergetic, protein-controlled diet for 6days preceding the clamp. The net protein anabolic response to hyperinsulinemia was similarly blunted in obese (0.08±0.06) and obese type 2 diabetic women (0.06±0.04) compared to healthy women (0.24±0.05μmol·kg fat free mass−1·min−1; ANOVA p=0.018). In contrast, the insulin-mediated glucose disposal (healthy: 9.72±0.67) was decreased with obesity (6.96±0.86) and further with diabetes (5.23±0.27mg·kg fat free mass−1·min−1; ANOVA p<0.001). Endogenous glucose production was not completely suppressed during the clamp only in diabetic women. Thus, the glucose infusion rate was the lowest in this group. Obese elderly women with and without type 2 diabetes have a similar degree of insulin resistance of protein anabolism, despite worse glucose metabolism in type 2 diabetes. Similar to previous findings in middle-aged women, obesity exerted a blunting effect on protein anabolism, which may contribute to the development of sarcopenic obesity. Our results suggest that the presence of type 2 diabetes at an advancing age does not further aggravate this effect.

Nutritional Status of Diabetic Mothers and Health of Newborns in Western Algeria

The aim of our work is the study of nutrition diabetic women, and the study of the health status of their newborns in West of Algeria. Our study was performed on 165 diabetic mothers aged 20 to 45 years and 161 newborns admitted to the hospital specialized in obstetrics and gynecology of Sidi Bel Abbes. A food survey and anthropometric study were achieved in our population, clinical and socioeconomic data were recorded in an identification card. Our results show that the average age of women with diabetes is 33.26 ± 5.15 ans. The socio-economic survey shows that 47.32% of women have an average monthly income; their education level is low with only 8.06% having a higher level. Anthropometric parameters show that 48.08% of elderly diabetic women aged 30 to 40 years are overweight BMI > 25. Dietary survey indicates that women experienced iron, calcium and vitamin B9 deficiency. The results of clinical data have shown the existence of gestational diabetes with a rate of 50.90%; macrosomia is dominant in their newborns with a rate of 22.26%. We noted the presence of hypoglycemia in 18.01% and inutero death in 12.42%.

Gangrenous Cholecystitis with Atypical Presentation in an Elderly Diabetic Woman

In elderly patients, numerous factors subsidize the diagnostic challenge and high incidence of complications in this specific population, taking gangrenous cholecystitis as a critical example. The aim of this work is to report an unusual case of gangrenous choleystitis in an elderly diabetic women and its atypical clinical presentation. A 79-year-old female patient came to our observation; her medical history showed nausea and vomiting of about 2 hours which rapidly ended with symptomatic therapy, without recurrence, and a 3-week history of intermittent fever associated with productive cough. No abdominal discomfort was declared. Physical examination of the abdomen was negative. Laboratory analysis revealed leukocytosis with the remaining criteria within the normal range. After 2 days, she started with a mildabdominal pain in the epigastric region that rapidly progressed to the right upper quadrant, right flank and right iliac fossa, without nausea, vomiting or fever. Abdominal computer tomography findings revealed thickness of the gall-bladder and important densification of the vascular bed. Acute cholecystitis was diagnosed. The patient was then submitted to a laparoscopic cholecystectomy under general anaesthesia with findings suggestive of gangrenous acute cholecystitis confirmed by histologic examination of the specimen. Delays in diagnosing acute cholecystitis in specific populations, such as elderly diabetics, result in a higher prevalence of morbidity and mortality due to potentially serious complications as gangrenous cholecystitis. Consequently, the diagnosis should be measured and investigated promptly in order to prevent poor outcomes.

STUDY OF ENDOGENOUS SEX HORMONES AND INFLAMMATION IN ELDERLY WOMEN WITH DIABETES MELLITUS

Background .C-Reactive Protein (CRP), an acute phase reactant has long been considered as a classic marker of inflammation. Ageing is characterized by a chronic, low-grade inflammatory status, the so-called “inflame-ageing”. Diabetes is known to be also associated with low-grade inflammation .The normal process of reproductive ageing is characterized by marked hormonal changes, during menopause, estradiol (E2) level decreases dramatically, whereas testosterone level presents a small decline or remain unchanged. A large body of clinical data suggests the important roles of endogenous sex hormones in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. In many studies in women, plasma estradiol and testosterone have been positively associated with glucose intolerance and insulin resistance, independently of adiposity. Objective .The aim of this study was to assess serum levels of endogenous sex hormones (estrogen and testosterone) as well as high sensitive C -Reactive protein ( hs-CRP) in elderly women with and without type 2 diabetes. Research Design. This study was done in the period between august 2009 to august 2011, The study population included a total number of 60 post menopausal elderly females, 20 healthy non diabetic elderly females as control group and 40 diabetic females. The diabetic females were further divided into two groups according to presence or absence of complications cardiovascular diseaes complicated group and non complicated group. They were also divided into two groups according to glycosylated hemoglobin level (HbA1c) to controlled group and non controlled group. Methods. Total testosterone, total estradiol, hs-CRP and HbA1c were measured in diabetic and non diabetic elderly women. Results. As regard hs-CRP there was a high significant difference between patients(2,2±,56 mg/L) and control group(1.60  0.39 mg/L) and also there was a significant difference between complicated(2.160.51 mg/L) and non complicated group(2.080.76 mg/L) and no significant difference among diabetics whether controlled or non controlled . As regard the serum estradiol, there was a high significant difference between patients (22.513.9 pg/ml) and control group (12.92.71 pg/ml). While there was no significant difference as regard presence or absence of complication and diabetes control. As regard the serum testosterone, there was no significant difference between patients and control group, presence or absence of complication and control of diabetes. Conclusion. In type 2 diabetic postmenopausal elderly women there was significant association between inflammation and serum estradiol while there was no association between inflammation and serum testosterone. As regarding presence or absence of cardiovascular complication and diabetes control neither of two hormones were associated with inflammation. Keywords: Sex hormones, Postmenopausal women, Inflammation, Elderly, Diabetes.

Effects of Combined Exercise on Vaspin, Insulin Resistance and Risk Factor for Diabetes in Elderly Women with Type-2 Diabetes

본 연구에서는 내당능장애를 가지고 있는 65세이상의 고령여성들을 대상으로 12주간 노인에게 필요한 복합운동을 실시하여 복부지방, 인슐린 저항성, 당뇨병 위험인자 및 베스핀의 농도변화에 미치는 영향을 확인하고자 하였다. 그 결과 복부지방의 변화를 보면 복합운동군에서 제지방이 유의하게 증가하였고 체지방율이 유의하게감소하였으며, 대조군에서는 제지방량이 유의하게 감소한 것으로 나타났다. 총복부지방량은 복합운동군에서 내장지방량이 유의하게 감소되었고 내장지방과 피하지방량의 비율에서도 유의한 감소를 나타냈다. 또한 인슐린저항성과 베스핀의 변화에서는 복합운동군에서 HDL 콜레스테롤이 유의하게 증가되었으며 TG와 혈당, HOMA-IR, 당화혈색소, 베스핀이 유의하게 감소되었다. 한편 대조군에서 HDL 콜레스테롤과 인슐린, 혈당, HOMA-IR, 베스핀이 유의하게 증가하였다.