Diabetes Self-care Management Research Articles

Effectiveness of Animation Video about Diabetes Mellitus Self-Care Management on The Level of Knowledge among Elderly

Diabetes Mellitus is a common chronic disease among the elderly, and effective self-care management is essential to control this condition. Elderly knowledge about self-care management is important in the care of Diabetes Mellitus. One of the media that can be used to improve knowledge in the elderly is using educational videos. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of animated videos about self-care management of diabetes mellitus in improving the knowledge of elderly individuals in RW 01 and RW 02 in Rampal Claket Village, Malang City. The research design used quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test. The sample in this study was 30 respondents, the sampling technique in this study used purposive sampling technique. The instrument to assess the level of knowledge before and after the animated video intervention using the DMSQ questionnaire. Data analysis used a paired t-test to determine the difference in knowledge scores. The results of this study showed a significant increase in the knowledge of elderly individuals regarding diabetes self-care management after the animated video intervention. The average knowledge score before the intervention was 29.27, which increased to 41.20 after the intervention, an increase of 39.76%. Animated videos have been proven effective in increasing the knowledge of elderly individuals about self-care management of diabetes mellitus with a p-value of 0.000. This study recommends the use of innovative educational media to improve public understanding of chronic disease management.

Social determinants of health and diabetes self-care management in South Africa

ObjectiveDiabetes is an incapacitating condition affecting millions of people in South Africa. Maintaining optimal glycaemic control is crucial in preventing diabetes complications, highlighting the importance of diabetes self-care. This study examined how Social Determinants of Health (SDoH) are associated with self-care management practices in individuals with diabetes in South Africa using the framework developed by the Healthy People 2020 initiative.MethodsThis study utilised cross-sectional Project Mind baseline data collected in 2017. Self-care management was coded on a scale from ‘0’ (never) to ‘7’ (daily adherence). For analysis, this scale was dichotomised into two categories: low self-care (scores 0–5) and high self-care (scores 6–7). Furthermore, adherence with these daily self-care activities was categorised into three levels: no adherence, partial adherence (inconsistent or partial adherence to activities), and full adherence (consistent adherence to all self-care activities).ResultsThe analytical sample (n = 539) was predominantly female (76%), with a mean age of 54 years, urban residents (60%), unemployed (70%), and attained secondary education (11.3%). In determining the attainment of a higher scale of self-care, age (AOR = 1.02, CI=[0.99,1.05]) and secondary education (AOR = 1.13, CI=[1.02, 2.03]) were associated with an increase in the scale of self-care. Conversely, urban residency (AOR = 0.50, CI=[0.29,0.88]) and being obese (AOR = 0.43, CI=[0.19,1.00]) were associated with a lower scale of self-care. Although not statistically robust, food insecurity decreased while being a woman and having a stable house showed an increased association. Travelling longer distances to access healthcare was positively associated with no adherence, and urban residency has a negative association with full adherence relative to partial adherence.ConclusionsThe associations between SDoH and diabetes self-care management within a South African context highlight the need for a more holistic understanding and approach to interventions. Future endeavours should examine these determinants more broadly and formulate integrative strategies to ameliorate diabetes self-care.

STRIVING FOR DIABETES SELF-CARE MANAGEMENT IN THE OLDER PEOPLE BASED ON SELF-DETERMINATION THEORY

Introduction: Older people with diabetes mellitus need disease management through self-management which is quite complex because the disease will have an impact on their health condition both physically and psychologically. Based on Self Determination Theory, motivation is important component in improving psychological health and treatment effectiveness of patients with diabetes mellitus. The purpose of this community service is to strive for diabetes self-care management so that blood sugar levels can be controlled reduce the risk of complications and achieve a prosperous psychological condition. Methods: The method of implementing this community service is in the form of health education, early screening, diabetes gymnastics, and family assistance in carrying out family healthcare functions. This community service was carried out at Jenggawah Public Health Center in March 2023. The participants of this community service activity are older people with diabetes mellitus. Results: There is an increase in the motivation of older people to carry out self-care activities, and the older people and families can also practice diabetes gymnastics by what has been taught. Conclusion: With optimal management behavior of diabetes mellitus in older people, the psychological aspects of the elderly with Diabetes Mellitus will improve so that further complications of this disease can be prevented.

Transitions of Care From Hospital to Home: Can Continuous Glucose Monitoring Improve Outcomes for Patients With Diabetes?

The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of continuous blood glucose monitoring (CGM) on transitions of care as patients with diabetes are discharged from the hospital on insulin. This is a descriptive study with 2 cohorts of patients (transition to home with CGM and transition to home without CGM) who were assessed prior to discharge (baseline) and 30 days post discharge (follow-up). The key outcome measures were satisfaction with diabetes management, diabetes-related quality of life, frequency of blood glucose monitoring, and 30-day readmission rates. Patients in the CGM group reported significantly higher levels of satisfaction with diabetes self-care management and higher levels of diabetes-related quality of life compared to those patients discharged without CGM. The results of this study suggest that CGM enables a smoother transition from hospital to home for patients with diabetes placed on insulin at discharge. CGM was associated with higher satisfaction and diabetes-related quality of life, perhaps as a result of timely, ongoing information about glucose levels without the burden and pain of finger sticks. CGM may provide greater confidence in self-care decisions regarding insulin dosing, food intake, and exercise. Further research is needed to confirm our results and explore the additional factors associated with greater quality of life and satisfaction.

Comparison of Self-Care Behavior through Diabetes Self-Care Management Education in Type 2 DM Patients in Urban And Rural

Comparison of Self-Care Behavior through Diabetes Self-Care Management Education in Type 2 DM Patients in Urban And Rural

PENGARUH DIABETES SELF CARE MANAGEMENT EDUCATION TERHADAP PENGETAHUAN PENDERITA DIABETES MELITUS TIPE 2 DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS PARIAMAN

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is now growing into a global health problem, its prevalence in 2019 was 371 million cases and is predicted to increase by 55 percent to 592 million in 2035. The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of diabetes self-care management education on the knowledge of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus sufferers in the Pariaman Health Center Work Area, Pariaman City. The type of quasi-experimental research with one group pretest posttest design. Sampling was carried out using the total sampling technique, namely 36 respondents. The data collection tool used was a questionnaire filled in by the researcher and data processing was carried out using a computerized system. The results showed that most of the respondents (61.1%) had a low level of knowledge before being given diabetes self-care management education. Almost all respondents (86.1%) experienced an increase in their knowledge after being given diabetes self-care management education. Statistical analysis showed that there was an effect of diabetes self-care management education on increasing knowledge in type 2 diabetes mellitus sufferers in the Pariaman Health Center Work Area (p-value = 0.000 <0.05). In conclusion, providing diabetes self-care management education increases the knowledge of type 2 diabetes mellitus sufferers in the Pariaman Health Center Work Area.

The Use of SMS Text Messaging to Improve Glycemic Control, Diabetes Self-Management, and Patient Satisfaction

The prevalence of diabetes in the United States continues to grow at an alarming rate. Nonadherence to diabetes self-management leads to morbidity and mortality. Short message service (SMS) text messaging is an effective method for delivering support to increase patient engagement with diabetes self-care management. This quality improvement project evaluated the effectiveness of a unidirectional SMS text messaging intervention to improve glycemia targets in adult patients with diabetes in the primary care setting. Results showed significant improvements in glycemic control (ie, decrease in A1C of 1.04%; P = 0.05). The SMS text messaging intervention effectively supports this modality in providing ongoing motivation and support patients with diabetes.

The Indonesian Version of the Skills, Confidence, and Preparedness Index (SCPI) was tested for reliability and validity in type 2 diabetes patients

Although several diabetes self-care management tools have been created, very few provide preparation for diabetes self-care behavior management. Three essential components of diabetes self-care management are measured by the assessment tool "Skills, Confidence & Preparedness Index (LMC) (SCPI)": Knowledge of skills, Confidence in one's ability to use skills, and Readiness to put skills into practice. This study aims to validate, translate, and adapt the SCPI for usage with Indonesian adults with type 2 diabetes. Methods: The American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons Evidence Based Medicine Committee (AAOS) criteria for modifying the scale were adhered to in this study. Evaluate average variance, Cronbach alpha, and composite reliability to test validity and reliability. Specifically, determinant coefficient testing and model appropriateness testing are used to assess goodness of fit. Examine the valid R-squared statistical value for every relationship to determine the test. If the p-value is less than 0.05, then there is a direct and indirect association to be seen if the variable is significant Result: Cronbach's alpha > 0.60 indicates strong internal consistency for the Indonesian SCPI version or I-SCPI. For every variable, the AVE value is larger than 0.50, while the CR value exceeds 0.70. This indicates that all legitimate indicators converge to form the variables for which they are intended. The R-Square values of 0.312 and 0.536 for the variables of preparedness and confidence are used to calculate the degree of good fit. This number indicates that the Preparedness variable is only partially explained by the Confidence and Preparedness variables (5.36%), with other variables accounting for the remaining 94.64%. Furthermore, the Skill/Knowledge, Confidence, and Preparedness factors account for only 3% of the variance in the Confidence variable, with the remaining 97% explained by variables outside the model. Conclusion: We developed an Indonesian version of SCPI through cross-cultural translation and adaption. The I-SCPI is reliable and valid for assessing the level of self-management in type 2 diabetes patients in Indonesia

SELF-CARE MANAGEMENT AND SOCIAL SUPPORT AMONG PEOPLE WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES ATTENDING SELECTED DIABETES CLINICS IN POKHARA

Background: Social support plays a significant role in determining the self-care management of individuals with diabetes. In the developing countries, the association between two factors has not been adequately explored. This study assessed the level of self-care management and social support among individuals with type 2 diabetes and identify associations between self-care management, social support, and selected variables. Methods: In this multisite cross-sectional study, 158 individuals with type 2 diabetes who attended selected diabetes clinics in Pokhara Nepal, were selected using a nonprobability purposive sampling technique from February 10 to March 10, 2021. Data collection was conducted through interviews using a modified summary of diabetes self-care activities and a multidimensional scale of perceived social support as instruments. A descriptive analysis followed by an inferential statistical test was performed to assess the association between variables. Results: More than half (53.2%) of respondents had satisfactory levels of diabetes self-care management, and most of them received high levels of social support. Levels of self-care management were significantly associated with the levels of social support. Marital status, family income, residency, educational status, disease duration, regular follow-up visits, A1C goal, and co-morbidity were significantly associated with self-care management. Gender, marital status, and follow-up visits were significantly associated with the level of social support. Conclusions: Focusing on enhancing social support, including the self-care management of individuals with diabetes, can force diabetes management more successful. Health professionals should implement programs for individuals with diabetes, including peer support groups, family education, and community-based initiatives.

Electronic Interactive Games for Glycemic Control in Individuals With Diabetes: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Several electronic interventions have been used to improve glycemic control in patients with diabetes. Electronic interactive games specific to physical activity are available, but it is unclear if these are effective at improving glycemic control in patients with diabetes. This study aimed to determine the effects of electronic game-based interventions on glycemic control in patients with diabetes. Relevant studies that were published before April 1, 2023, were searched from 5 databases: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane Library. Eligibility criteria included prospective studies examining the relationship between electronic games with physical activities or diet education and glycemic control as the outcome. The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool. All analyses were conducted using RevMan5.4.1. Depending on the heterogeneity across studies, the pooled effects were calculated using fixed-effects or random-effects models. Participants from 9 studies were included and assessed. Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and fasting blood glucose improved in the intervention group, although the analysis revealed no significant reduction in HbA1c (-0.09%, 95% CI -0.29% to 0.10%) or fasting blood glucose (-0.94 mg/dL, 95% CI -9.34 to 7.46 mg/dL). However, the physical activity of individuals in the intervention group was significantly higher than that of those in the control group (standardized mean difference=0.84, 95% CI 0.30 to 1.38; P=.002). Other outcomes, such as weight and blood lipids, exhibited no significant improvement (all P>.05). Electronic games had a good impact on participants' physical activity and offered an advantage in glycemic control without reaching statistical significance. Electronic games are convenient for reminders and education. Low-intensity exercise games may not be considered a better adjuvant intervention to improve diabetes self-management care.

Perception of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) patients on diabetes self-care management in Fiji.

The prevalence of diabetes has increased globally where Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is more common than any other type of diabetes. Self- care management education of diabetes provides skills and information for diabetic patients to effectively perform their own self diabetic self-care for optimum glycemic index control. As T2DM is a growing health issue in Fiji, promoting diabetes self manages among patients is a need, however there is lack of evidence in this regard. Therefore, the aim of this study is to explore the perception of T2DM patients on diabetic self-care management. This study used a qualitative method among T2DM patients regarding diabetic self-care management in Central Division, Fiji in 2022. This study was conducted in SOPD (Special Out Patient Department) clinics in the three chosen governmental health centers in the central division of Fiji. The study sample inclusion criteria were only T2DM patients, and no other types of diabetes, patients who are 18years and above, patients who are attending clinic at least for more than 6 months, self-identified as Fijian participants of any ethnicity or gender. The study settings were also purposively selected but the study sample was selected using purposive sampling. In depth interview using semi-structured open-ended questionnaires was used to collect data. Thematic analysis was done, followed by reviewing themes, defining and naming them. Thirty patients participated in this study. Five major themes emerged from the in-depth interview including; patient factors that affect diabetes self-care management, behavior and attitude towards T2DM self-care management, health services delivery, challenges and barriers faced by patients to perform diabetes self-care management, and recommendations to improve patient self-care management. Patients in this study have good knowledge about T2DM and the self-care management they have to perform. It is the patients' attitude and behavior towards T2DM self-care management that affects patients to perform self-care management. The study also showed patients have gained good knowledge from Health Care Workers (HCW). Socio-economic and psychological status also played a vital part in patients' self-care management. Apart from challenges, there were opportunities to learn the difficulties patients face in order to perform self-care management. The results of this study revealed a combination of individual, cultural, and health systematic related factors as the mots influencer of diabetes self-management among patients in Fiji. Patients have to take ownership of their own health in order to improve their blood sugar reading and reduce complication of diabetes. Tailored interventions that consider patients' belief and address potential challenges would be useful. A lot is needed in terms of upgrading facilities for the comfort of patients and need to collaborate more with other multidisciplinary team and stakeholders.

Pemberdayaan Kader Kesehatan Dengan Diabetes Self Management Education (DSME) untuk meningkatkan Self Manajemen Pasien Diabetes

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is included in a group of metabolic disorders with the characteristics of hyperglycemia which occurs due to insulin abnormalities caused by impaired insulin secretion. Diabetes Self Management Education (DSME) is an effort that can be made to provide ongoing education for DM clients. The DSME strategy was developed in health services to increase diabetes clients' compliance in controlling their disease. Purpose: The purpose of this activity is to provide knowledge and understanding to health cadres in providing education to the community regarding the importance of self-care management, especially in diabetes mellitus. Method: This activity is in the form of Diabetes Self Management Education (DSME) training for health cadres in Bumiayu village which will be held on Friday 25 August 2023 at 09.00 WITA. This activity was attended by 15 health cadres. Results: Based on the implementation of counseling about diabetes self-care management which was attended by the Bumiayu village health cadres, the results achieved can be described. Increasing the cadres' knowledge about self-care management, the cadres are able to educate about the importance of carrying out diabetes self-care management and the cadres are able to provide care or practice directly with the community about Diabetes self-care management. Conclusion: The implementation of training activities went well and smoothly. This activity received good input from health cadres with the result that the cadres' knowledge increased after being given the material. This community service activity can be carried out periodically to reduce the incidence of DM.

Role of community-based health clubs in promoting patients’ health education for diabetes self-care management: an interventional qualitative study in a Ugandan urban setting

BackgroundSelf-care management support is a core component of the Chronic Care Model that emphasises the need for empowering and preparing patients to manage their healthcare. In diabetes mellitus (DM) management,...

The Education Effect of AADE7TM Model on Self-Care Activities in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to a lack or ineffective use of the hormone insulin. If not treated properly, it will result in complications, even amputation and death. However, many patients still do not understand their disease, lack motivation, and have poor self-care activities. Therefore, it is important to provide education on the AADE7TM model, namely 7 tips for self-care habits, which have become a trademark of AADE, an organization consisting of multidisciplinary health professionals who are experts in diabetes education and diabetes self-care management. An organization comprises multidisciplinary health professionals who are experts in diabetes education and diabetes self-care management. The Seven tips include (1) eating healthy, (2) being active, (3) monitoring, (4) taking medication, (5) problem solving, (6) healthy coping, and (7) reducing risks so that there will be increased self-care activities. Objective to determine the effect of AADE7TM model education on self-care activities in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Research methods: Quantitative research type with quasi-experiment method, nonrandomized control group pre-test and post-test design. With purposive sampling on 30 patients, 15 patients in the experimental group and 15 in the control group. The experimental group was given AADE7TM model education, and the control group received conventional education. Data analysis techniques t-test. There was a difference in mean self-care in the experimental group in the pre-test, with a score of 19,800, and in the post-test, 33,066, with a p-value of 0.001.There was no difference in mean self-care in the control group at the initial and final measurements, with a p-value of 0.060. There was a difference in self-care activities after the AADE7TM model education in the experimental group compared to the final measurement in the control group, with a p-value of 0.001.Conclusion: there was an influence of AADE7TM model education on self-care activities in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Keywords: AADE7TM, self-care activities, diabetes mellitus.

An intervention to improve self-care among people with diabetes mellitus: A quasi-experimental study

Abstract Background An increased self-efficacy promotes better diabetes self-care behaviours, which help in achieving glycemic targets among patients with diabetes mellitus. Methods A quasi-experimental study was conducted among patients with T2DM living in rural areas of Punjab, North India. A total of 283 in the intervention and 291 in the control arms were participated at baseline, and a total of 242 in the intervention and 237 in the control arms at endline assessments. Summary of diabetes self-care activities and diabetes management self-efficacy questionnaires were used at baseline and endline (after 6 months) surveys. Outcomes were net changes in proportion of population having diabetes self-management self-efficacy, overall diabetes self-care activities (health dietary habits, physical activity, adequate foot care, medication adherence and blood glucose monitoring) and net mean change in HbA1c. Data were analysed using per protocol analysis principle. Difference in difference analysis (DiD) using Generalized Estimating Equation model was done to adjust for confounders. p < 0.05 was considered as significant. Results There was a significant net increase in participants proportion (39%; 95% CI: 25% -52%, p < 0.001) on diabetes management self-efficacy scale. At the baseline assessment for overall self-care behaviours, only 4% of participants in the intervention arm were in the action stage and 12% were in the preparation stage; however, at the post intervention assessment, this proportion increased to 24% for action stage and 67% for preparation stage. There was a significant net increase in participants proportion (49%, 95%CI 37% -60%, p < 0.001) engaged in optimal diabetes self-care. There was a significant net decrease in mean HbA1c (-1.06%; 95%CI: -1.62 - -0.50, p < 0.001) at post intervention phase. Conclusions Diabetes self-care intervention was successful in promoting self-efficacy and self-care practices among patients with T2DM of rural areas. Key messages • Self-efficacy theory-based diabetes self-care intervention successfully improves the diabetes related self-care practices. • There is a need for a structured diabetes self-care management education programme to improve the ability of patients with T2DM who live in rural areas.

Association between self-care and complications among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A cross-sectional study

Abstract Background: Self-care is essential for diabetes patients to keep control of the disease and avoid complications. Self-care can help minimize these complications. Objectives: The study endeavored to examine type 2-diabtic patients’ knowledge regarding self-care management and to determine the association between self-care management and the disease complications. Materials and Methods: This study was a quantitative research of cross-sectional design on a sample of 151 patients who visited the endocrine and diabetes center in Al-Dewaynia Teaching Hospital, Iraq. Data were collected by demographic questionnaire and the Diabetes Self-Care Scale (DSCS). Results: The results showed that there was a significant association between the diabetes self-care management and both diabetic foot and neuropathy (0.002 and 0.005), respectively, whereas it was no association between the diabetes self-care management with retinopathy, cardiovascular problems, nephropathy, and hepatic problems at any significant level. Conclusion: The study revealed that individuals’ adherence to self-care management of type 2 diabetes is very poor. Enhancing patients’ and community’s regarding changing the lifestyle is essential.

The relationship between diabetes self-care management and blood glucose level among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients

There are still many patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) with uncontrolled blood sugar levels. Self-care was needed to control blood glucose levels. The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between diabetes self-care management and blood sugar levels in type 2 DM (T2DM) patients. This study was used a correlational design. Data was collected from the Internal Medicine Polyclinic of William Booth Hospital Surabaya. The dependent variable was blood glucose and the independent variable was diabetes self-care management. The 99 respondents were selected using the purposive sampling technique. The inclusion criteria were patients with T2DM, the ages between 45-and 64 age years old. We used the summary of diabetes self-care activities to assess self-care management and blood sugar level was measured using a capillary blood glucose test. Chi-square was used to calculate the relationship between diabetes self-care management and blood glucose level. This study showed that most of the respondents with good diabetes self-care management had good blood sugar levels and there was a significant relationship between diabetes self-care management and blood sugar levels among T2DM patients (p<0.05). Increasing diabetes self-care management among T2DM patients was required to control blood glucose levels.

Cultural-Based Diabetes Self-Care Management Education for People with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Empowering Community Health Workers (Kaders) Program Evaluation

Aim: The aim of this study was to understand the perspectives of Kaders, community health nurses (CHNs), and the community on an empowerment program for Kaders in Indonesia. The program aimed to help Kaders provide cultural-based diabetes self-care management education for people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods: The empowerment program consisted of a four-month training program, including two full-day sessions on cultural-based health education for people with T2DM, followed by four months of monitoring T2DM patients. Fifteen Kaders from community health centers in Makassar City participated in the program. Focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted with Kaders to explore their perceptions and experiences related to the program. Interviews were also conducted with CHNs and people with T2DM regarding their perceptions of the program. Results: The FGDs with Kaders resulted in four themes: overall training, guideline book, education and monitoring program, and potential obstacles. CHNs highlighted the benefits of the program, the guideline book, and the impact on patients. Patients identified three themes, including the benefits of the program, what was taught, and what was improved. Conclusion: The empowerment program for Kaders in Indonesia has proven to be beneficial for Kaders, CHNs, and the community. Kaders have the potential to provide effective and efficient health education with proper preparation and empowerment through knowledge and skills.

A systematic literature review for understanding the effectiveness of advanced techniques in diabetes self-care management

This article includes a systematic review that identifies and summarizes the many behavioral change techniques (BCTs), behavioral health theories, and advanced techniques based on artificial intelligence (AI) currently used to manage diabetes. The review focuses on assessing the efficacy of diabetes self-care applications that leverage these cutting-edge techniques in their development and use. The study provides thelatest comprehensive review and the findings of the report through the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 reporting guidelines. After carefully reviewing and choosing pertinent studies from well-known bibliographic databases, the review finds that self-care treatments favor behavior change, blood glucose reduction, healthier habits,and substantial weight loss.According to the results, investigations that use these methodologies and ideas and AI-based ones are more likely to succeed. The evaluation ends by highlighting its shortcomings and outlining potential future research and application design areas. It alsohighlights the possibility of incorporating BCT methodologies, theories, and AI-based techniques in creating self-management interventions. The knowledge gained from this systematic review can help application developers create frameworks for effective diabetes self-care interventions based on the identified cutting-edge techniques.

Diabetes Self-Care Management (DSCM) experience individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Background : Self-Care Management is an important part of the lives of individuals with chronic diseases. This is important because they have to adapt their conditions so that they are able to make decisions about how to manage their own health condition. (Objective) This study aims to gain an in-depth understanding of the meaning of diabetes self-care management (DSCM) in type 2 diabetic individuals .
 Method: This study uses a qualitative method with a descriptive phenomenological approach. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling. Data saturation occurred in the 4th participant so the participants involved in this study were 4 people with inclusion criteria consisting of 1) Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 (DMT2) individuals with a period of ≥ 6 months; 2) those who did not experience severe complications (such as severe stroke, heart disease, and diabetic ketoacidosis; 3) was able to tell his experience. Data were taken through in-depth interviews for approximately 60 minutes. Data analysis using Colaizzi’s method.
 Results: The results of the study identified nine themes, including 1) physical responses experienced by people with Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 (T2DM); 2) perception; 3) Self-awareness; 4) routine blood sugar control; 5) adherence to diet; 6) physical activity; 7) adhere to treatment; 8) self-efficacy; 9) non-pharmacological therapy lowers blood sugar levels.
 Conclusion: DSCM is important in the management of Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 (DMT2). A better DSCM can reduce complications, reduce visits to health services, and treatment costs and reduce morbidity and mortality. Further research is needed to explore the content stored in DSCM.
 
 Key words: Diabetes self-care management, Diabetes mellitus Type 2 (DMT2), qualitative