Diabetes Prevention Strategies Research Articles

Gender‐specific genetic influence of rs1111875 on diabetes risk: Insights from the Taiwan biobank study

ABSTRACTBackgroundThis study investigates the gender‐specific genetic influence of the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs1111875 on diabetes risk within the Taiwanese population using data from the Taiwan Biobank. Diabetes mellitus, particularly type 2 diabetes (T2D), is influenced by genetic factors, and the rs1111875 SNP near the hematopoietically expressed homeobox (HHEX) gene has been linked to T2D susceptibility.MethodsThe study included 69,272 participants after excluding those from arsenic‐polluted areas and those with incomplete data. Logistic regression models were used for analyses.ResultsThe analyses revealed that the CT genotype of rs1111875 was associated with an increased risk of diabetes (OR = 1.092, 95% CI = 1.030–1.157, P = 0.003), as was the TT genotype (OR = 1.280, 95% CI = 1.165–1.407, P < 0.001). The effect was more pronounced in women (CT: OR = 1.118, 95% CI = 1.036–1.207, P = 0.004; TT: OR = 1.404, 95% CI = 1.243–1.585, P < 0.001). Men exhibited a higher overall risk of diabetes (OR = 1.565, 95% CI = 1.445–1.694, P < 0.001) and had a higher prevalence (12.71% vs 7.80%, P < 0.001) compared to women.ConclusionsThe findings underscore the importance of considering gender differences in genetic studies of diabetes and suggest that personalized diabetes management strategies should account for both genetic and gender‐specific risk factors. This research contributes to the broader understanding of genetic determinants of diabetes and their interaction with gender, aiming to enhance personalized healthcare strategies for diabetes prevention and treatment.

Investigating the correlation of hip circumference to cardiovascular disease and type-2 diabetes using Mendelian randomization.

This study aimed to assess the correlation between hip circumference (HC) and the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus using Mendelian randomization (MR) to overcome observational study limitations. MR analysis utilized genetic variation from the MR Base in a two-sample analysis. Three methods were employed: MR-Egger regression, weighted median estimator, and inverse variance weighting (IVW). Data was acquired from MR Base, a platform summarizing genome-wide association study (GWAS) data for MR research. Publicly available summary statistics datasets from GWAS meta-analyses were used, with HC and HC adjusted for body mass index (BMI) as exposures. Data for CVD and type 2 diabetes mellitus were obtained as outcomes. Results indicated a positive causal relationship between HC and CVD (IVW: P = 1.84e-07, OR: 1.37, 95% CI: 1.22-1.54) as well as type 2 diabetes mellitus (IVW: P = 0.04, OR: 1.62, 95% CI: 1.02-2.56), independent of BMI. However, HC after BMI adjustment showed no significant causal relationship with CVD (IVW: P = 0.05, OR: 1.09, 95% CI: 1.00-1.19) and exhibited a negative association with type 2 diabetes mellitus (IVW: P = 0.00, OR: 0.76, 95% CI: 0.66-0.88), suggesting a protective effect against type 2 diabetes mellitus. After adjusting for BMI, adipose tissue concentrated in the hip region showed a protective effect against type 2 diabetes mellitus but not against CVD. These findings offer insights into diabetes prevention and treatment strategies, and may inform plastic surgery procedures. Further research is needed to validate these findings and explore underlying mechanisms.

Multivariate Analysis of the Determinants of Total Mortality in the European Union with Focus on Fat Intake, Diabetes, Myocardial Infarction, Life Expectancy, and Preventable Mortality: A Panel Data Fixed-Effects Panel Data Model Approach.

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in the European Union (EU), and while the mortality rates of diabetes, myocardial infarction, and the total fat intake have been extensively studied, we believe that understanding the interaction between such closely correlated determinants is crucial to the development of effective health policies in the EU. Our paper's novelty is represented by the econometric modelling, and its ability to capture both temporal and unit variations. The research methodology consists of using a panel data model with fixed effects for the 27 EU member states over the period 2010-2021. The results of the study show that the standardized mortality rate for deaths preventable by prevention and treatment and diabetes-related mortality are significant predictors of total mortality in the EU. The standardized mortality rate for deaths preventable by prevention and treatment had a significant positive impact, suggesting that improved preventive and therapeutic interventions can significantly reduce total mortality. Diabetes-associated mortality also showed a strong positive correlation with total mortality, emphasizing the need for effective diabetes management and prevention strategies. These results are useful for the formulation of public health strategies aimed at improving life expectancy and reducing the burden of chronic diseases.

Specific depressive symptoms, body mass index and diabetes in middle-aged and older Chinese adults: Analysis of data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS)

BackgroundThis study examined the association between specific depressive symptoms and incident diabetes, and whether overweight or obesity mediates this relationship among middle-aged and older adults in China. MethodsIn a nationally representative prospective cohort study of 11,893 middle-aged and older Chinese adults without baseline diabetes, we used Cox models to assess the association between depressive symptoms and diabetes. The quantile g-computation (qgcomp) model evaluated the contribution of 10 specific depressive symptoms to diabetes risk, and a two-stage regression method explored the mediation effect of overweight or obesity. ResultsOver a median follow-up of 7.1 years, 1,314 cases of diabetes were identified. Elevated depressive symptoms were associated with increased diabetes risk (HR 1.23; 95 % CI 1.09–1.38). Eight out of 10 depressive symptoms were significantly associated to diabetes, with loneliness (weight = 18 %; HR 1.23; 95 % CI 1.10–1.39), restless sleep (weight = 17 %; HR 1.16; 95 % CI 1.04–1.29), and bother (weight = 15 %; HR 1.19; 95 % CI 1.07–1.33) being the primary contributors. Mediation analysis showed that overweight and obesity reduced the depression-diabetes risk association by 8.21 % and 12.61 %, respectively. LimitationsDiagnosis of diabetes was self-reported. ConclusionsEight out of ten specific depressive symptoms were associated to diabetes, overweight and obesity may partially mitigate the effect of depressive symptoms on diabetes among middle-aged and older adults in China. Clinical implicationsOur results highlight the importance of tailoring diabetes prevention and management strategies according to specific depressive symptoms among middle-aged and older adults in China.

Tracing links between micronutrients and type 2 diabetes risk: the singular role of selenium.

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a growing global health concern. While micronutrients are crucial for physiological functions and metabolic balance, their precise links to T2D are not fully understood. We investigated the causal relationships between 15 key micronutrients and T2D risk using both univariate and multivariate Mendelian randomization (MR) methods. Our analysis leveraged data from a large prospective cohort genome-wide association study (GWAS) on these micronutrients and T2D. We employed MR techniques such as inverse variance weighting (IVW), MR Egger, weighted median, and simple models. Multivariate analysis adjusted for diabetes-related factors like body mass index (BMI) and hypertension to assess the independent effects of micronutrients, particularly selenium, on T2D risk. Selenium intake was associated with an increased risk of T2D, with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.045, a 95% confidence interval (CI) ranging from 1.009 to 1.082, and a P-value of 0.015. This association was consistent in multivariate analyses, suggesting an independent effect of selenium on T2D risk after adjusting for confounders. Our study presents novel evidence of a positive correlation between selenium intake and T2D risk, underscoring the importance of micronutrients in diabetes prevention and treatment strategies. Further research is necessary to confirm these findings and to clarify the specific biological mechanisms through which selenium influences diabetes risk.

Predicting diabetes in adults: identifying important features in unbalanced data over a 5-year cohort study using machine learning algorithm

BackgroundImbalanced datasets pose significant challenges in predictive modeling, leading to biased outcomes and reduced model reliability. This study addresses data imbalance in diabetes prediction using machine learning techniques. Utilizing data from the Fasa Adult Cohort Study (FACS) with a 5-year follow-up of 10,000 participants, we developed predictive models for Type 2 diabetes.MethodsWe employed various data-level and algorithm-level interventions, including SMOTE, ADASYN, SMOTEENN, Random Over Sampling and KMeansSMOTE, paired with Random Forest, Gradient Boosting, Decision Tree and Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) classifier. We evaluated model performance using F1 score, AUC, and G-means—metrics chosen to provide a comprehensive assessment of model accuracy, discrimination ability, and overall balance in performance, particularly in the context of imbalanced datasets.Resultsour study uncovered key factors influencing diabetes risk and evaluated the performance of various machine learning models. Feature importance analysis revealed that the most influential predictors of diabetes differ between males and females. For females, the most important factors are triglyceride (TG), basal metabolic rate (BMR), and total cholesterol (CHOL), whereas for males, the key predictors are body Mass Index (BMI), serum glutamate Oxaloacetate Transaminase (SGOT), and Gamma-Glutamyl (GGT). Across the entire dataset, BMI remains the most important variable, followed by SGOT, BMR, and energy intake. These insights suggest that gender-specific risk profiles should be considered in diabetes prevention and management strategies. In terms of model performance, our results show that ADASYN with MLP classifier achieved an F1 score of 82.17 ± 3.38, AUC of 89.61 ± 2.09, and G-means of 89.15 ± 2.31. SMOTE with MLP followed closely with an F1 score of 79.85 ± 3.91, AUC of 89.7 ± 2.54, and G-means of 89.31 ± 2.78. The SMOTEENN with Random Forest combination achieved an F1 score of 78.27 ± 1.54, AUC of 87.18 ± 1.12, and G-means of 86.47 ± 1.28.ConclusionThese combinations effectively address class imbalance, improving the accuracy and reliability of diabetes predictions. The findings highlight the importance of using appropriate data-balancing techniques in medical data analysis.

Changes in the Epidemiological Landscape of Diabetes in South Korea: Trends in Prevalence, Incidence, and Healthcare Expenditures.

Diabetes is a serious public health concern that significantly contributes to the global burden of disease. In Korea, the prevalence of diabetes is 12.5% among individuals aged 19 and older, and 14.8% among individuals aged 30 and older as of 2022. The total number of people with diabetes among those aged 19 and older is estimated to be 5.4 million. The incidence of diabetes decreased from 8.1 per 1,000 persons in 2006 to 6.3 per 1,000 persons in 2014, before rising again to 7.5 per 1,000 persons in 2019. Meanwhile, the incidence of type 1 diabetes increased significantly, from 1.1 per 100,000 persons in 1995 to 4.8 per 100,000 persons in 2016, with the prevalence reaching 41.0 per 100,000 persons in 2017. Additionally, the prevalence of gestational diabetes saw a substantial rise from 4.1% in 2007 to 22.3% in 2023. These changes have resulted in increases in the total medical costs for diabetes, covering both outpatient and inpatient services. Therefore, effective diabetes prevention strategies are urgently needed.

Health disparities and inequalities in prevalence of diabetes in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

BackgroundOver time, global health systems have witnessed significant improvements in the delivery and coverage of healthcare services. Nevertheless, the increasing prominence of non-communicable diseases remains a persistent challenge. Diabetes is one such non-communicable chronic disease that poses a threat with respect to both mortality and morbidity. This study investigated the socio-economic determinants and inequalities in the prevalence of diabetes in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia according to data collected from the 2018 Saudi Family Health Survey conducted by the General Authority for Statistics.MethodsThe analysis was limited to a sample of 11,528 respondents aged ≥ 18 years, selected across all 13 regions of Saudi Arabia, with complete responses for all variables of interest. Socio-economic determinants in diabetes prevalence were explored with univariate, bivariate, and multivariate logistic regression analyses. Furthermore, inequalities were visualised and quantitatively estimated according to construction of a concentration curve and calculation of the concentration index.ResultsThe prevalence of diabetes among the 11,528 respondents was 11.20%. Age, education, income, and residence area were significant determinants of diabetes prevalence, with a greater risk of diabetes found in older participants (odds ratio [OR]: 12.262, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 9.820–15.313, p < 0.01) compared to younger participants. Inequality analysis showed a negative education-based concentration index (–0.235, p < 0.01), indicating that diabetes prevalence is concentrated among people with relatively less formal education. For males, the income-based concentration index was significantly positive, whereas the education-based concentration index was significantly negative, indicating a greater concentration of diabetes among Saudi men with higher incomes and less education.ConclusionThese findings emphasize the need to prioritize policies and strategies for diabetes prevention and control with considerations of the socio-economic inequalities in prevalence. Key areas of focus should include improving education levels across all regions, raising awareness about diabetes and implementing nutritional interventions.

Diabetes Prevention Strategies in Ghana: Opportunities for Community-Based Interventions

Diabetes was emerging as a critical public health challenge in Ghana, driven by rapid urbanization, lifestyle changes, and increasing rates of obesity. This article reviewed the growing prevalence of diabetes in Ghana, particularly type 2 diabetes, and highlighted the urgent need for effective prevention strategies. It also examined the epidemiological trends, identified key risk factors such as obesity, physical inactivity, and unhealthy diets, and discussed the role of genetic predisposition in the rising diabetes rates. The article explored various models of community-based interventions, including the Community Mobilization Model, Ecological Model, Social Marketing Model, Health Belief Model, and Participatory Action Research, as promising approaches to diabetes prevention in Ghana. These models leveraged local knowledge, cultural practices, and community structures to promote healthier lifestyles, increase awareness, and facilitate early detection. The article also identified challenges such as inadequate funding, healthcare infrastructure disparities, and cultural barriers that hinder the implementation of prevention programs. However, it highlighted opportunities for leveraging mobile health technologies, public-private partnerships, and the integration of diabetes prevention with existing health services. The methodology used involved a comprehensive review of relevant literature and case studies from other low- and middle-income countries to identify effective community-based strategies for diabetes prevention. The article concluded with recommendations for scaling up community-based interventions to reduce the incidence of diabetes and improve public health outcomes in Ghana. Keywords: Diabetes Prevention, Community-Based Interventions Ghana, Risk Factors, Health

Effect of trace elements and nutrients on diabetes and its complications: a Mendelian randomization study.

Multiple clinical studies have observed a close relationship between serum trace elements and nutrients and diabetes and its complications, but it remains unclear whether there is a genetic causal effect between serum trace elements and nutrients and diabetes and its complications. This study aims to investigate the causal effects of serum trace elements and nutrients on diabetes and its complications using Mendelian randomization methods. The single nucleotide polymorphisms of serum trace elements and vitamins, as exposure factors, were sourced from the published UK Biobank database and public databases of genome-wide association studies. The genome-wide association study data of diabetes and its complications, as outcome events, were sourced from the FinnGen Biobank database. Mendelian randomization methods were employed to explore the causal relationships between 9 trace elements and 6 nutrients and diabetes and its complications. The causal relationships were inferred using inverse variance weighting, MR Egger, weighted median, simple model, and weighted model methods. Sensitivity analyses, including heterogeneity tests, horizontal pleiotropy tests, MR-PRESSO tests, and leave-one-out analysis, were conducted to evaluate the robustness of the study results. Finally, trace elements and nutrients with statistical significance in the IVW method and consistent Beta and OR directions in the five methods were selected as exposure factors with causal relationships with diabetes and its complications. This study also used multivariable Mendelian randomization methods to assess the combined effects of multiple exposure factors on the risk of diabetes and its complications. Mendelian randomization analysis revealed that selenium was linked to an elevated risk of T2D.Vitamin B6 was correlated with an increased risk of neurological complications in type 2 diabetes. Magnesium exhibited a negative causal relationship with the risk of T1D.Carotene was linked to a higher risk of renal complications in T1D.Vitamin B12 showed a negative causal relationship with renal complications in T1D.Carotene was connected to a higher risk of neurological complications in T1D.Potassium and vitamin B6 exhibited negative causal relationships with neurological complications in T1D.Vitamin E showed a negative causal relationship with peripheral circulation complications in T2D.Multivariable Mendelian randomization analysis suggested that vitamin B6 could independently influence neurological complications in both T1D and T2D, apart from other exposure factors. Vitamin B6 could also independently influence renal complications in T1D.Vitamin E could independently influence peripheral circulation complications in T1D, apart from other exposure factors. The findings from univariable and multivariable Mendelian randomization studies substantiate the causal relationships between trace elements and nutrients and different subtypes of diabetes and their complications. These findings hold significant clinical implications for developing targeted prevention and treatment strategies for diabetes and its complications.

Exploring patterns and insights in a comprehensive diabetes dataset

Diabetes, a pressing global health concern, imposes significant economic and healthcare burdens on millions worldwide. Understanding the multifaceted factors contributing to diabetes is pivotal for effective prevention strategies. In this study, we leverage a comprehensive dataset (952 instances, 17 predictor variables) and employ a multifaceted statistical approach to explore the intricate interplay among stress levels, blood pressure (BP), body mass index (BMI), age, sleep quality, and physical activity in relation to diabetes, with a focus on classification and predictive implications. Our research begins by establishing fundamental relationships between discrete variables using crosstabs and chi-square tests. We uncover close associations between stress levels and BP, heightened diabetes risk with increased BMI values, and the influence of age on sleep quality. Subsequent analysis, based on descriptive data, reveals a robust correlation between physical activity and stress levels, with the paradoxical observation that excessive exercise may increase stress levels. Factor analysis further elucidates the pivotal roles of sound sleep and regular exercise in diabetes prevention, supported by asymptotic significance levels below 0.05. To culminate our study, we construct a logistic regression model with an impressive 89.3% accuracy rate for predicting diabetes risk. Notably, age, family history of diabetes, and regular medication usage emerge as the most influential factors, with regular medication demonstrating significant potential for reducing diabetes risk. Our research underscores the intricate web of factors shaping individual health and offers valuable insights for a comprehensive understanding of health and well-being in the context of diabetes prevention. Moreover, it highlights the importance of considering multiple factors in health-related research. Future research could delve into the long-term effects of interventions targeting the identified risk factors, explore the impact of socio-economic factors on diabetes risk, and investigate the potential role of emerging technologies in personalized diabetes prevention strategies.

Ultra-processed food consumption and risk of diabetes: results from a population-based prospective cohort.

Understanding the impact of the overall construct of ultra-processed foods on diabetes risk can inform dietary approaches to diabetes prevention. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the association between ultra-processed food consumption and risk of diabetes in a community-based cohort of middle-aged adults in the USA. We hypothesised that a higher intake of ultra-processed foods is associated with a higher risk of incident diabetes. The study included 13,172 participants without diabetes at baseline (1987-1989) in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study. Dietary intake was assessed with a 66-item semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire, and foods were categorised by processing level using the Nova classification system. Ultra-processed food was analysed categorically (quartiles of energy-adjusted intake) and continuously (per one additional serving/day). We used Cox regression to evaluate the association of ultra-processed food intake with risk of diabetes with adjustment for sociodemographic characteristics, total energy intake, health behaviours and clinical factors. Over a median follow-up of 21 years, there were 4539 cases of incident diabetes. Participants in the highest quartile of ultra-processed food intake (8.4 servings/day on average) had a significantly higher risk of diabetes (HR 1.13; 95% CI 1.03, 1.23) compared with participants in the lowest quartile of intake after adjustment for sociodemographic, lifestyle and clinical factors. Each additional serving of ultra-processed food consumed daily was associated with a 2% higher risk of diabetes (HR 1.02; 95% CI 1.00, 1.04). Highest quartile consumption of certain ultra-processed food groups, including sugar- and artificially sweetened beverages, ultra-processed meats and sugary snacks, was associated with a 29%, 21% and 16% higher risk of diabetes, respectively, compared with the lowest quartile. We found that a higher intake of ultra-processed food was associated with higher risk of incident diabetes, particularly sugar- and artificially sweetened beverages, ultra-processed meats and sugary snacks. Our findings suggest interventions reducing ultra-processed food consumption and specific food groups may be an effective strategy for diabetes prevention.

Obesity in Prediabetic Patients: Management of Metabolic Complications and Strategies for Prevention of Overt Diabetes.

Obesity and prediabetes affect a substantial part of the general population, but are largely underdiagnosed, underestimated, and undertreated. Prediabetes differs from diabetes only in the degree of hyperglycaemia consequent to the progressive decline in residual beta-cell function. Both prediabetes and diabetes occur as a consequence of insulin resistance that starts several years before the clinical onset of overt diabetes. Macrovascular complications in patients with diabetes are mainly caused by insulin resistance. This is why in prediabetes, the overall cardiovascular risk is, by all means, similar to that in patients with diabetes. It is important, therefore, to identify prediabetes and treat patients not only to prevent or delay the onset of diabetes, but to reduce the cardiovascular risk associated with prediabetes. This review provides an overview of the pathophysiology of prediabetes in patients with obesity and the progression toward overt diabetes. We have reviewed nutritional and pharmacological approaches to the management of obesity and reduced glucose tolerance, and the treatment of the major comorbidities in these patients, including hypertension, dyslipidaemia, and Metabolic dysfunction-associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD), has also been reviewed. In patients with obesity and prediabetes, the nutritional approach is similar to that adopted for patients with obesity and diabetes; treatments of dyslipidaemia and hypertension also have the same targets compared to patients with diabetes. MASLD is a critical issue in these patients; in the prediabetic state, MASLD rarely progresses into fibrosis. This highlights the importance of the early recognition of this pathological condition before patients become diabetic when the risk of fibrosis is much higher. It is necessary to raise awareness of the clinical relevance of this pathological condition in order to prompt early intervention before complications occur. The single most important therapeutic goal is weight loss, which must be early and persistent.

ANALYSIS OF REGULATORY AND LEGAL SUPPORT FOR THE PREVENTION OF DIABETES MELLITUS IN CHILDREN

Diabetes mellitus has become one of the most prevalent chronic diseases in childhood today. International forecasts suggest that the incidence of diabetes will continue to rise in the coming decades, leading to a lifelong burden for millions of children worldwide. Therefore, prediction, prevention, and optimal treatment of diabetes, as well as early prevention of serious long-term complications, remain essential. Providing highly qualified medical care to diabetic patients is a crucial step in preventing the development of complications. The purpose of this article is to review existing research on diabetes prevention strategies for children, considering the different levels of medical care support available. Materials and Methods. This study investigates the organization of preventive care for children with diabetes in Ukraine. Researchers employed three key methods: bibliosemantic analysis, content analysis focused on analyzing Ukraine relevant regulations and legal frameworks, and the method of systemic approach and analysis to gain a comprehensive understanding of how preventive care is currently organized for children with diabetes in Ukraine. Results. In Ukraine, preventive measures and the provision of medical care to pediatric patients with diabetes in the past years and today are regulated by a number of documents and orders of the Ministry of Health. As part of the Comprehensive Program “Diabetes Mellitus” (1999) and in accordance with the Order of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine “On Improving the Organization of Providing Endocrinological Care to the Population of Ukraine” (2006), the State Register of Patients with Diabetes Mellitus (SYNADIAB) was created. The next step was the approval of the State Target Program “Diabetes Mellitus”. Subsequently, the Project of the national program “Health 2020: Ukrainian Dimension” became an effective tool, which outlined the main principles of the program implementation in the “Endocrinology” section for 2013-2020. It defined measures at all stages of diabetes prevention, such as primary prevention, which consists of maintaining and strengthening the general state of health and preventing or delaying the development of diabetes; secondary prevention should improve early detection of diabetes mellitus; tertiary prevention, which ensures the effectiveness and safety of treatment of children with diabetes to prevent the development of long-term complications. Today, the guidelines for the management of children with diabetes mellitus have been continued in such documents as “Diabetes Mellitus in Children”, Evidence-Based Clinical Guidelines (2023) and Standards of Care (2023). Conclusion. Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that ranks third in prevalence after cardiovascular and cancerous diseases and second in the structure of endocrine diseases after thyroid gland pathology. Today, the prevalence of diabetes mellitus among children is constantly increasing and, therefore, solving the issues associated with this disease is one of the priority tasks for the national health care system. This is because diabetes mellitus is associated with a high risk of complications leading to loss of work capacity, disability, and mortality across various population groups. Organizing high-quality medical care and establishing an effective prevention system based on the latest medical technologies is crucial. Diabetes demands attention. Understanding the risks and prevention of the disease can significantly increase the chances of protection and a long, healthy life through timely treatment.

Ethnic disparities in the prevalence of diabetes and its association with sleep disorder among older adults in rural southwest China

ABSTRACT Objectives This study aimed to examine ethnic disparities in the prevalence of diabetes and its association with sleep disorders among the older adults Han and ethnic minority (Bai, Ha Ni, and Dai) population in rural southwest China. Methods A cross-sectional survey of 5,642 was conducted among the rural southwest population aged ≥60 years, consisting of a structured interview and measurement of fasting blood glucose, height, weight, and waist circumference. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to assess sleep quality. Results The overall prevalence of diabetes and sleep disorder was 10.2% and 40.1%, respectively. Bai participants had the highest prevalence of diabetes (15.9%) and obesity (9.9%)(P < 0.01), while Ha Ni participants had the lowest prevalence of diabetes (5.1%) and obesity (3.4%)(P < 0.01). The highest prevalence of sleep disorder (48.4%) was recorded in Bai participants, while Dai participants had the lowest prevalence of sleep disorder (25.6%)(P < 0.01). In all four studied ethnicities, females had a higher prevalence of sleep disorder than males (P < 0.01), and the prevalence of sleep disorder increased with age (P < 0.01). The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated older adults with sleep disorder had a risk of developing diabetes (P < 0.05). Moreover, the higher educational level, family history of diabetes, and obesity were the main risk factors for diabetes in participants (P < 0.01). Conclusion There are stark ethnic disparities in the prevalence of diabetes and sleep disorders in southwest China. Future diabetes prevention and control strategies should be tailored to address ethnicity, and improving sleep quality may reduce the prevalence of diabetes.

Indications for the Postpartum Oral Glucose Tolerance Test.

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) affects more than 50 000 pregnant women in Germany every year. In postpartum diabetes screening, a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGT) is recommended. This is time-consuming and can have side effects, and only 40% of mothers take it. The determination of pre-test probabilities might obviate the need for OGT except in women who are at particular risk. We analyzed 5444 cases of GDM from the GestDiab registry over the period 2015-2019. The pretest probabilities of a postpartum diagnosis of diabetes mellitus (DM) or prediabetes were calculated on the basis of clinical variables including postpartum venous fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c). In 0.77% of mothers with a history of GDM in whom DM was not detected by FPG or HbA1c, postpartum DM was diagnosed on the basis of the 2-hour value in the OGT. Individual estimation of the pre-test probability of a diagnosis by OGT of postpartum DM or prediabetes was possible with the aid of the FPG and HbA1c values and clinical predictors including insulin treatment during pregnancy, obesity, GDM diagnosed before 24 weeks of gestation, age over 35, and a 1-hour value in the diagnostic OGT during pregnancy of 180 mg/dL (10.0 mmol/L) or above. The pretest probability of postpartum DM in the study group ranged from 0.11% to 4.17%, and that of postpartum prediabetes from 6.4% to 16.3%. The probability of a diagnosis of postpartum diabetes by OGT after GDM can be estimated in postpartum screening on the basis of various parameters. This enables risk-adapted counseling of the affected women along with a long-term strategy for diabetes prevention and follow-up. The findings of our study should be verified by further research.

Empowering adult patients with diabetes for health educators' role within their family members: A cross-sectional study.

Patient engagement as partners in diabetes prevention for family members/close relatives is a novel and underexplored approach. This paper aims to assess patients' willingness and confidence in their ability to succeed as health educators for their family members and investigate the influencing factors. A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted between January 2023 and April 2023. A newly developed and validated self-reported questionnaire, based on the Health Belief Model (HBM) and previous research, was administered to a convenient sample of 134 adult participants diagnosed with diabetes. These participants sought care at primary healthcare clinics at King Abdul-Aziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs in Riyadh and Jeddah (MNGHA). The data was examined using statistical methods including descriptive analysis, ANOVA, Tukey's HSD (Honestly Significant Difference) Post Hoc tests, and Pearson's correlation coefficients. The majority of participants expressed a willingness to assume the role of health educators for their family members (n = 117, 87.31%) and reported a high level of willingness and confidence, as indicated by self-efficacy scores ranging from 12.00 to 25.00, with a mean of 21.12 (SD = 2.76). Participants' willingness to be health educators exhibited positive correlations with their perceptions of diabetes severity and susceptibility (r = .433, p < .01), perceived benefits and barriers (r = .451, p < .01), cues to action (r = .520, p < .01), self-efficacy (r = .789, p < .01), and the total score of the questionnaire (r = .640, p < .01). The majority of participants expressed their willingness to assume the role of health educators for their family members, and a significant portion reported confidence in their capacity to accomplish this objective. Healthcare providers should emphasize the importance of equipping patients with the skills and knowledge necessary to effectively convey health messages and serve as health educators within their communities. This expansion of the approach holds the potential to have a significant impact on public health strategies for diabetes prevention.

“I Am the Last Priority”: Factors Influencing Diabetes Management Among South Asian Caregivers in Peel Region, Ontario

ObjectiveIn this study, we aimed to identify sociocultural and systemic factors influencing diabetes management among South Asian (SA) caregivers in Peel Region, Ontario. MethodsTwenty-one semistructured interviews were conducted with SA caregivers using a qualitative descriptive design. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis and intersectionality analysis. ResultsThemes identified included 1) prioritizing family caregiving over diabetes self-management; 2) labour market impacts on diabetes self-management; and 3) challenges navigating Canadian health and social service systems. SA caregivers described social, economic, and systemic challenges impacting type 2 diabetes management. Systemic factors influencing diabetes management included discrimination and inequities in labour policies and lack of social and health resources funding. Recommendations by caregivers included whole-family, community-based, culturally tailored approaches to diabetes prevention and management strategies. ConclusionsProviding support with system navigation, encouraging family-based approaches, and addressing the social determinants of health could be beneficial for supporting SA families with diabetes management and prevention.

Glycaemic index as part of the diabetes prevention strategy

Glycaemic index as part of the diabetes prevention strategy

230 Assessing the Role of Youth Sports in Diabetes Prevention and Perceived Discrimination

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Our study aims to 1) examine the link between engagement in CLR Academy and youth diabetes risk factors—physical activity, nutrition, mental health, and weight status; 2) examine CLR’s role in moderating the relationship between perceived discrimination and these risk factors. Includes a program evaluation of CLR &amp; interviews of members. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Youth-onset diabetes is rising in American minority communities. Youth sports programs like the Community Leadership Revolution (CLR) Academy in Washtenaw County, MI are emerging responses to this issue. CLR targets diabetes risk factors through team sports by promoting mindfulness and healthy habits. Employing a mixed-methods, pretest-posttest approach, our study focuses on how the frequency of engagement in CLR impacts CLR’s effect on youth’s diabetes risk factors. Considering the discrimination minority youth experience, we also aim to see if CLR potentially buffers the impact of perceived discrimination on diabetes risk factors. A posttest program evaluation of CLR will also include semi-structured interviews with CLR staff and participants. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: There is potential that youth with high engagement in CLR Academy may see enhanced benefits in managing diabetes risk factors compared to less active participants. This may be particularly true for youth experiencing high perceived discrimination, with potential marked improvements in mental health, like reduced anxiety and depression. Additionally, through a program evaluation and semi-structured interviews, our study aims to uncover the factors contributing to CLR’s success as a community-led intervention while also identifying areas for enhancement. Post-study, CLR will receive financial support to integrate these insights into their program, furthering their effectiveness in youth diabetes prevention and overall well-being. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: This study may provide significant insights into the relationship between sports participation, diabetes risk factors, and perceived discrimination. The findings could help CLR improve its program and guide more effective diabetes prevention strategies in minority youth through other youth sports programs.