Di Wang Tower Research Articles

Global Practice and the Transnational Flows of Knowledge: A Case Study on Diwang Tower, 1996

Diwang Tower built in 1996 was the tallest building in Shenzhen before 2011. Its image waswidelyusedasasymbolofpropagandashowcasingthesuccessofChina’sopening up policy and Shenzhen’s economy. As a result of international collaboration Diwang Tower was a crucial node where transnational flows of knowledge intersected. Many foreignfirmsandexpertscontributedinsuchaspectsasarchitecturaldesign,structural technology, and construction and property management. Diwang Tower showed ”Chinese” characteristics in subtle ways, while being ”modern” and ”international” at the same time. This paper focuses on the transnational flows of knowledge and the adaptation of modern aesthetics in the Chinese cultural context. It concludes that Diwang Tower is an important milestone in the contemporary architectural history of China since 1978, especially regarding the introduction of Western architecture and its adaptation in the Chinese context.

A Refined Model for Typhoon Wind Field Simulation in Boundary Layer

The currently-used typhoon wind field models for wind resistance design of buildings and structures in typhoon regions often neglect the influence of temperature and assume that the central pressure difference does not vary with height above the ground. However, the observations made from field measurements and numerical simulations do not support this assumption. This paper thus presents a refined typhoon wind field model without this assumption and the decomposition method is then used to find the solution. The model is finally applied to Typhoon York. The wind speed and direction computed from the refined model are compared with those measured at the Waglan Island and the Di Wang Tower, and those predicted by the Meng model and the Shapiro model. The spatial distribution of wind speed in a horizontal plane is given through an isotach analysis and compared with the visual imagery of Typhoon York. Mean wind profiles at different distances from the typhoon center are also computed and compared with the field data and the power law profiles. The results demonstrate that the refined model gives more accurate wind speed, direction and profile than other models.

Field measurements of boundary layer wind characteristics and wind-induced responses of super-tall buildings

This paper presents field measurement results of boundary layer wind characteristics over typical open country and urban terrains and wind-induced responses of two super-tall buildings during the passages of windstorms. The field data such as wind speed, wind direction and acceleration responses, etc., were measured from an observation tower with height of 17.5 m at a coastal region in Lufeng and two super-tall buildings in urban districts, CITIC Plaza Tower (391 m, 80 floors) in Guangzhou and Di Wang Tower (384 m, 78 floors) in Shenzhen. Detailed analysis of the field data and comparative study are conducted to investigate the boundary layer wind characteristics and wind effects on the super-tall buildings. The measured wind data are analyzed to obtain the information on ground roughness, mean wind speed and direction, turbulence intensity, gust factor, turbulence integral length scale and spectra of wind speed fluctuations. The dynamic characteristics of the tall buildings are determined on the basis of the field measurements and comparisons with those calculated from the computational models of the tall buildings are made. The damping ratios of the buildings are estimated by the random decrement method and the amplitude-dependent damping characteristics are presented and discussed. Furthermore, the full-scale measurement results are compared with wind tunnel test data to examine the accuracy of the model test results and the adequacy of the techniques used in wind tunnel tests. The results presented in this paper are expected to be of interest and of use to researchers and engineers involved in analysis and design of tall buildings.

Typhoon effects on super-tall buildings

Full-scale measurement is considered to be the most reliable method for evaluating wind effects on buildings and structures. This paper presents selected results of wind characteristics and structural responses measured from four super-tall buildings, The Center (350 m high, 79 floors) in Hong Kong, Di Wang Tower (384 m high, 78 floors) in Shenzhen, CITIC Plaza Tower (391 m high, 80 floors) in Guangzhou and Jin Mao Building (421 m high, 88 floors) in Shanghai, during the passages of three typhoons. The field data such as wind speed, wind direction and acceleration responses, etc., were continuously measured from the super-tall buildings during the typhoons. Detailed analysis of the field data was conducted to investigate the characteristics of typhoon-generated wind and wind-induced vibrations of these super-tall buildings under typhoon conditions. The dynamic characteristics of the tall buildings were determined from the field measurements and comparisons with those calculated from the finite element (FE) models of the structures were made. Furthermore, the full-scale measurements were compared with wind tunnel results to evaluate the accuracy of the model test results and the adequacy of the techniques used in the wind tunnel tests. The results presented in this paper are expected to be of considerable interest and of use to researchers and professionals involved in designing super-tall buildings.

Time–frequency analysis of typhoon effects on a 79-storey tall building

Di Wang Tower located in Shenzhen, PR China, has a height of approximately 325 m and is a 79-storey tall building. This paper presents selected results of full-scale measurements of typhoon effects on Di Wang Tower. Wind speed, wind direction, wind-induced acceleration and displacement responses were simultaneously and continuously measured from the super tall building with anemometers, accelerometers and global position system (GPS) during a typhoon. The advanced data analysis method called Hilbert–Huang transform (HHT) was adopted in this study to analyze the non-stationary characteristics of wind speed and wind-induced responses of this building under typhoon condition. By using the empirical mode decomposition (EMD) method, the measured data were decomposed into several inherent intrinsic mode functions (IMFs). The probability density and power spectral density of fluctuating wind speed were obtained by traditional methods and were further analyzed by considering time-varying mean values of the measured data via the EMD method. The wind-induced responses with non-stationary features were studied by applying the HHT to each IMF for obtaining their instantaneous frequency and Hilbert–Huang composite spectrum. Meanwhile, the transient energy distributions of the wind-induced responses were analyzed in time–frequency domain, which were compared with the traditional power spectral densities obtained from the fast Fourier transform (FFT) method and those from the wavelet transform. Furthermore, the amplitude-dependent damping ratios were determined by combining the EMD and the random decrement technique (RDT) method. Through comprehensive analysis of the measured data, it was testified that the HHT method is a promising tool for the time–frequency analysis of random signal and can serve as a flexible and effective tool for analyzing field data of wind speed and wind-induced response with non-stationary features.

Effects of amplitude-dependent damping and time constant on wind-induced responses of super tall building

Full-scale measurements of wind-induced responses of a 79-storey tall building, Di Wang Tower, were conducted during the passages of several typhoons. The amplitude-dependent damping ratios of the super tall building were obtained from the measurements. A Monte Carlo simulation procedure was developed in this study to generate fluctuating along-wind and across-wind forces acting on this building. The wind-induced responses of Di Wang Tower were numerically evaluated in time domain on the basis of the generated fluctuating wind forces and the established finite element model of the building. The predicted dynamic responses of the building using the actual amplitude-dependent damping characteristics were compared to those computed with constant damping parameters assumed by the structural designers to evaluate the adequacy of current design practices and to investigate the effect of amplitude-dependent damping on the wind-induced responses. Finally, the effect of time constant on the wind-induced responses of Di Wang Tower was studied by comparing the time domain computational results with those from conventional spectral analysis method. Some of the research findings resulted from this combined experimental and numerical study are expected to be of interest and practical use to professionals and researchers involved in the design and analysis of super tall buildings.

Serviceability of a 79-storey tall building under typhoon conditions

This paper presents some results obtained from field measurements of wind effects on a super-tall building, the Di-Wang Tower, located in Shenzhen, China. The building has 79 storeys, and is approximately 324 m high. Simultaneous and continuous data on wind speed, wind direction and acceleration responses were recorded at the top of the building. The field data presented in this paper were measured during the passage of a typhoon. The characteristics of the typhoon-generated wind and the structural responses of the building are investigated. The serviceability of this super-tall building under typhoon conditions is discussed on the basis of the field measurements.

Full-scale monitoring of typhoon effects on super tall buildings

This paper presents the field measurement results of wind characteristics and structural responses of two super tall buildings, Central Plaza Tower (374 m, 78 floors) in Hong Kong and Di Wang Tower (384 m, 78 floors) in Shenzhen during the passage of Typhoon Sally. The field data such as wind speeds, wind directions and acceleration responses were simultaneously and continuously measured from the tall buildings during the typhoon. Detailed analysis of the field data and comparative study were conducted to investigate the characteristics of typhoon-generated wind over the two cities and wind-induced vibrations of the two super tall buildings under typhoon condition. The dynamic characteristics of the buildings were determined on the basis of the field measurements and comparisons with those calculated from the computational models of the buildings were made. The damping ratios of the buildings were estimated and the amplitude-dependent damping characteristics are presented and discussed. Furthermore, the full-scale measurements were compared with the wind tunnel results to evaluate the accuracy of the model test results and the adequacy of the techniques used in wind tunnel tests.

Correlation of dynamic characteristics of a super‐tall building from full‐scale measurements and numerical analysis with various finite element models

AbstractThe Di Wang Tower located in Shenzhen has 79 storeys and is about 325 m high. Field measurements have been conducted to investigate the dynamic characteristics of the super‐tall building. In parallel with the field measurements, seven finite element models have been established to model the multi‐outrigger‐braced tall building and to analyse the effects of various arrangements of outrigger belts and vertical bracings on the dynamic characteristics and responses of the Di Wang Tower under the design wind load and earthquake action. The distributions of shear forces in vertical structural components along the building height are also presented and discussed. The results from detailed modelling of group shear walls with several types of finite elements are addressed and compared to investigate various modelling assumptions. Finally, the performance of the finite element models is evaluated by correlating the natural frequencies and mode shapes from the numerical analysis with the finite element models and the field measurements. The results generated from this study are expected to be of interest to professionals and researchers involved with the design of tall buildings. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Field measurements of typhoon effects on a super tall building

Di Wang Tower located in Shenzhen has a height of approximately 325 m and was the tallest building in Mainland China when it was built several years ago. The aspect ratio between the building’s height and transverse width is about 9, which has largely exceeded the criteria in the current design codes and standards in China. This super tall building may be susceptible to severe vibration induced by strong winds. This paper describes some results obtained from the full-scale measurements of wind effects on Di Wang Tower under typhoon condition. The field data, such as wind speed, wind direction and acceleration responses were simultaneously and continuously measured from this building during the passage of Typhoon Sally in 1996. Detailed analysis of the field data was conducted to investigate the typhoon effects on the super tall building. The characteristics of the typhoon-generated wind and the structural responses of the building are presented and discussed in detail. Dynamic characteristics of the building are reported, and comparisons with those from the analysis of the three-dimensional finite element model of Di Wang Tower are made. The serviceability of this super tall building under typhoon conditions is assessed based on the field measurements. The damping ratios of the building during the typhoon are evaluated, and the amplitude-dependent characteristics of damping that were obtained using the random decrement technique are presented on the basis of the field measurements. Furthermore, the full-scale measurements are compared with the wind tunnel test results to verify the reliability of wind tunnel experimental techniques.

Field measurements of Di Wang Tower during Typhoon York

Di Wang Tower is the highest building located at the hub of the Shenzhen financial and commercial area, about 2 km from the Hong Kong border. On 16 September 1999, Typhoon York, which is the strongest typhoon since 1983 and the typhoon of longest duration on record, attacked Hong Kong and Shenzhen. The wind and structural monitoring system installed in Di Wang Tower timely recorded wind and structural response data. The measured wind data are analysed in this paper to obtain the mean wind speed and direction, turbulence intensity, gust factor, probability distribution, and wind spectrum. The wind characteristics measured from Typhoon York are compared with those currently used in Hong Kong and previously obtained by other researchers. The structural characteristics and responses, including the natural frequency, modal damping ratio, translational and torsional displacement and acceleration responses, are also provided. The field measurement data clearly demonstrate that the performance of Di Wang Tower is satisfactory during Typhoon York. The field measurement data obtained here are useful for the validation of wind tunnel tests and the future design of tall buildings in typhoon regions.

Effects of Typhoon Sam on Di Wang Tower: Field Measurement

This paper presents field measurement results of wind characteristics and structural response of DI Wang Tower during Typhoon Sam, which crossed over the tower on 22 August 1999. DI Wang Tower of 384 m high is located at the dawntown Shenzhen, about 2 kilometresfrom the Hong Kong border. The field measurements were made possIble by a wind and structural-monitoring program jointly developed by The Hong Kang Polytechnic university and China Academy af Building Research. The measured wind data are analysed In this paper to obtain the mean wind speed and directian, turbulence Intensity, gustfactor, prababllity distribution, and wind spectrum. Comments are made on wind characteristics through the comparison, as far as possible, between the measured results and those currently used in Hong Kong. The structural characteristics and response, including natural frequency, modal-damping ratio, translational and torsional displacement and acceleration respanses, Of the tower meosured during Typhoon Sam are also prese...

Full Scale Measurements of Damping in a 78-storey Tall Building

This paper describes the results obtained from the field measurements of wind effects on a 78-storey high-rise building. Di Wang Tower. The field data, which include wind speeds, wind directions and acceleration responses, presented in this paper were measured atop this building during the passage of Typhoon Sally in 1996. The damping in this tall building is evaluated by Random Decrement Technique (RDT) based on the full scale measurements of wind-induced responses. The amplitude dependent characteristics and randomness of damping are presented and discussed. The time series method is employed to model the random component of damping, and a stochastic form of Jeary's damping model is established.