DFIG-based Wind Turbine System Research Articles

Using the proportional dual integral strategy to improve the characteristics of the indirect field-oriented control of DFIG-based wind turbine systems

In this work, a new indirect field-oriented command (IFOC) for wind systems based on a doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) is designed to get better energy and stream quality. Also, overcoming the problems of IFOC. It is proposed to use proportional dual integral (PDI) controllers in order to replace traditional controllers and augment the robustness of the studied wind turbine system. The proposed IFOC-PDI is a modification of the IFOC, where the basic idea behind the designed technique is to combine a proportional-integral (PI) regulator with an integral term. This technique has been applied to the machine inverter, where the IFOC-PDI aims to calculate reference voltage values. The pulse width modulation (PWM) is used to translate voltage reference values ​​into pulses to run the machine inverter. The main objective of this article is to compare the competence of the IFOC-PDI to that of the IFOC-PI in different tests, including two different wind speed profiles and DFIG parameters variation. The major benefit of this command is a decrease in harmonic distortion of the currents, and active and reactive power (Ps and Qs) fluctuations. The results using MATLAB demonstrated that the IFOC-PDI improved the IFOC-PI in the minimization of stream harmonic distortion (6.63%, 10.42%, and 17.86%) and notable minimization of fluctuations in both Ps (32.08%, 46.24%, and 12.10%) and Qs (45.95%, 66.88%, and 14.49%). Also, the overshoot value of Ps was minimized compared to the IFOC-PI in all tests by ratios estimated at 57.79%, 12.41%, and 33.96%. The steady-state error of Ps was minimized compared to the IFOC-PI in all tests by ratios estimated at 29.43%, 85.88%, and 76.36%. The IFOC-PDI is also very resistant in the case of DFIG parameters variation.

Hardware-in-the-loop simulation to validate the fractional-order neuro-fuzzy power control of variable-speed dual-rotor wind turbine systems

New and efficient command strategies and algorithms are needed in the field of wind turbine energy generation to ensure power quality according to international standards. However, conventional linear strategies are still used to command doubly-fed induction generators (DFIGs). Thus, inadequate power quality is obtained, which can cause network-level disturbances. This Hardware-in-the loop (HIL) study presents a new command scheme for a DFIG-based dual-rotor wind turbine (DRWT) system. The new command is a combination of a neuro-fuzzy algorithm and fractional-order control that overcomes the declining power quality of the DFIG-DRWT system. The new strategy is based on using pulse width modulation to generate command pulses for the rotor-side converter of DFIG. In the designed command system, the reference value of the active power is determined using maximum power point tracking to provide efficient power conversion performance under different operating conditions. First, MATLAB software is used to implement the fractional-order neuro-fuzzy (FONF) control technique, and the behavior of the proposed strategy is studied in comparison to that of the traditional direct power command (DPC) technique. A comparison is performed in terms of the ripple minimization ratio, durability, overshoot, steady-state error, reference tracking, and current quality. The results of the comparison show the high performance of the FONF technique. Second, the FONF technique is implemented in HIL test using the dSPACE 1104 Card, where two different forms of wind speed are used to study the characteristics of the proposed strategy and confirm its effectiveness and performance in HIL test compared to DPC technique. The experimental results obtained in the two tests confirm the efficiency, effectiveness, and high performance of the proposed FONF technique compared to DPC technique in improving the energy system characteristics, and the simulation obtains the same results.

Enhancing power control in doubly fed induction generator based wind turbines: a performance comparison of fuzzy logic and sliding mode control methods

Abstract Effective power regulation is critical for ensuring the stability and performance of Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG)-based wind turbines. This study conducts a comparative study between two control methodologies: fuzzy logic control (FLC) and sliding mode control (SMC), to regulate power in DFIG-based wind turbines. The paper emphasizes the importance of power regulation in wind turbines and its impact on grid stability, presents mathematical equations governing DFIG-based wind turbine systems, encompassing machine equations, power equations, and control objectives related to power regulation. A comprehensive model of the DFIG-based wind turbine system is developed, accounting for dynamic machine behavior and grid interface considerations. The modeli ng process integrates relevant electrical and mechanical components, along with power regulation control strategies. Subsequently, FLC and SMC control methodologies are developed and implemented to regulate desired power. Detailed discussions on controller design and tuning are provided, aligning with specific power control requirements. The results highlight SMC’s effectiveness in achieving precise power regulation within DFIG-based wind turbines, showcasing its superior response characteristics. The study offers valuable insights into the advantages and trade-offs associated with each control approach, aiding researchers and practitioners in selecting the most suitable control methodology for their operational needs. In summary, this paper contributes to the field of wind turbine control systems through a comparative study of FLC and SMC controllers, focusing on regulating power in DFIG-based wind turbines. The findings demonstrate SMC’s superior performance in response, enhancing our understanding of control methodologies for optimizing wind turbine performance and grid integration in sustainable energy systems.

Fractional-order neural control of a DFIG supplied by a two-level PWM inverter for dual-rotor wind turbine system

Energy ripples are among the common problems in renewable energies as a result of using less efficient strategies. In this work, a new technique is suggested to control a doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) using the pulse width modulation (PWM). The new technique is based on the combination of neural networks and fractional-order control to minimize the reactive and active power ripples of the DFIG-based variable speed dual-rotor wind turbine system. The suggested fractional-order neural control (FONC) with the PWM is a simple, robust and a high-performance strategy. Simulation is performed using Matlab software to validate the effectiveness of the designed control of 1.5 MW DFIG and the obtained results are compared with the traditional direct power control (DPC) in different working conditions. In addition, the comparison between the suggested control and the DPC is performed in the cases of changing or not changing the device parameters in terms of ripple ratio, dynamic response, steady-state error, current quality, and overshoot of active and reactive power of the DFIG. As compared to the DPC, the proposed FONC technique improves the active and reactive power ripples by 65.71% and 84.74%, respectively. Also, improves the overshoot of the active and reactive power by 71.33% and 91.72%, respectively. The simulation results demonstrate the high performance and robustness of the FONC technique for the parametric variations of the DFIG-based variable speed dual-rotor wind turbine system compared to the DPC control.

A new integral-synergetic controller for direct reactive and active powers control of a dual-rotor wind system

This paper proposes a new integral-synergetic controller for direct reactive and active powers control (DARPC) for a grid-connected doubly-fed induction generators (DFIGs) in dual-rotor wind power generation applications. The proposed DARPC strategy employs integral-synergetic control (ISC) to regulate the reactive and active powers of the DFIG-based variable speed dual-rotor wind turbine systems. The proposed ISC technique is the contribution of this work, where this strategy is a development of synergetic control and simplicity and robustness are the most prominent features. The main advantages of the proposed ISC-DARPC technique are ease of implement, good dynamic response, simple structure, and constant switching frequency operation. The Matlab software is used to validate the design of the ISC-DARPC technique, and the obtained results are compared with traditional DARPC. In addition, the ISC-DARPC technique is able to fully minimize ripples in both torque and active power during grid voltage imbalance or parametric changes on the DFIG.

Rotor Field-Oriented Control of Doubly Fed Induction Generator in Wind Energy Conversion System

In this study, robust and high-performance vector control of a rotor side converter (RSC) was performed for stability and efficient operation doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) based on the variable speed wind turbine (VSWT). The mathematical model of the DFIG is simulated in the computer. Amplitude and frequency of the voltage in the DFIG were controlled for different values of load and variable speeds. In the experimental study, a DFIG-based wind turbine system was set up in the laboratory. The field position of the stator was detected from stator voltages by a phase-locked loop (PLL) circuit. The rotor position was measured with an incremental encoder connected to the rotor shaft of the DFIG. The angular position of the slip was calculated by the difference between the rotor and the stator field positions. The frequency and amplitude of rotor currents were determined with the angular position of slip. To generate output voltages of converter feeding rotor windings, the space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) technique was used. In the experimental study, the RSC was controlled with the DS1103 board. The prepared experiment set was tested at different operating speeds.

Power Control of Wind Energy Conversion System with Doubly Fed Induction Generator

Wind power is one of the most efficient, reliable, and affordable renewable energy sources. The Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) is the most commonly used machine in wind power systems due to its small size power converter, reduced cost and losses, better quality, and the ability for independent power control. This research work deals with the power control of this machine by modeling and designing a suitable controller. Vector control is used to control the stator and grid active and reactive powers along with the proportional integral (PI) controller, fuzzy logic controller (FLC), and PI-fuzzy controllers. Modeling and simulation of the system are done using MATLAB Simulink, and the behavior of the machine with each controller is examined under variable wind speeds. Comparative analysis based on reference power tracking, stability, and grid code requirement fulfillment has been conducted. The obtained results show that among the three controllers, the PI-fuzzy controller meets the required specification with better performance, small oscillation, minimum overshoot, better reference tracking ability, and creating a stable and secure system by fulfilling grid code requirements. This study can be important to further insight into DFIG-based wind turbine systems.

Rüzgâr Türbin Sisteminde İki ve Üç Seviyeli Dönüştürücü Tasarımı ve Güç Analizinin Yapılması

Günümüzde artarak devam enerji ihtiyacı ülkeleri yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklarından üretilen enerjilere yönlendirmiştir. Bu çalışmada, büyük güç gereksinimi duyulan rüzgâr türbinlerine uygun, çift beslemeli asenkron generatör (ÇBAG) tabanlı rüzgâr türbin sistemi incelenmiş ve benzetimi yapılmıştır. Bu türbin sistemi 6 adet 1,5 MW toplam 9MW gücünde 25 kV’luk dağıtım sistemine entegre, 30 km’lik bir hat uzunluğuna sahip, 25 kV’luk transformatör ile 120 kV’luk şebekeye güç üretmektedir. ÇBAG tabanlı rüzgâr türbin sistemi çift yönlü enerji akışına uygun olmasından dolayı arka arkaya bağlı iki adet dönüştürücüden oluşmaktadır. Matlab/ Simulink programında üç fazlı iki seviyeli dönüştürücü ve üç fazlı üç seviyeli dönüştürücünün tasarımı yapılmış ve sinüzoidal darbe genişlik modülasyon tekniği ile anahtarlama sinyalleri üretilmiştir. Bu dönüştürücüleri tasarladığımız ÇBAG tabanlı rüzgâr türbini modellemesinde kullanarak ve 15 m/sn rüzgar hızında toplam güç, reaktif güç ve sistemin çıkış gerilimleri değerleri kıyas edilmiştir. Benzetimi yapılan sistem için üç seviyeli dönüştürücü ile daha kararlı ve stabil sonuçlar alınmıştır.

Power Quality and Low Voltage Ride Through Capability Enhancement in Wind Energy System Using Unified Power Quality Conditioner (UPQC)

The various approaches used to improve the Low Voltage Ride Through (LVRT) capabilities of DFIG-based wind turbine systems are investigated in this study (WT). The Type-III WT machine, which is primarily based on DFIG, is connected to the grid without a digital power interface, resulting in unmanageable terminal voltage or reactive electricity output. As a consequence, novel LVRT approaches based on the deployment of additional active interface technologies were given in this work. The problem of low voltage faults is now being addressed using a variety of approaches. By analyzing LVRT approaches for DFIG-based WECS, this research attempts to discover such working ways by bridging the gap in terms of overall adaptive performance, operative complexity of controllers, and cost-effectiveness. This study suggests ways to improve LVRT's ability to rely on the relationship arrangement in three major areas based on their grid integrations. The wind turbine system is connected to a DVR, STATCOM, and UPQC in this study for active and reactive power regulation throughout the fault detection procedure. Using UPQC with SRF theory offers improved reaction during faults to increase active power and maximum compensation in reactive power with synchronous reference frame and without synchronous reference frame operation presented in this paper.

Genetic Algorithm Optimized and Type-I fuzzy logic controlled power smoothing of mathematical modeled Type-III DFIG based wind turbine system

This study focused on compensating for reactive power loss and minimizing active power loss during transients caused by fast changes in wind speed. Under transient circumstances, reactive power is critical for improving the voltage profile. In this work, we discuss how to compensate for reactive power losses while reducing active power losses. The goal function of the rotor side and grid side controllers, which are related with active power losses, is minimized using a genetic algorithm approach for voltage profile improvement and power smoothing. Two constraints for rotor side and for both rotor and grid side converter designed here to improve the voltage profile during faults. Further this work carried out by MATLAB simulink and GA optimization technique used for power smoothing. The comparative results on active and reactive power smoothing presented in this paper using Type-I Mode IV FLC and Genetic Algorithm Technique under transient conditions. The main motive is to validate that the Modified Type III wind turbine system can give efficient results using adaptive techniques to control active and reactive power. This research work can be helpful for the researchers to analyze their work reference with these research findings.

Techniques for Ensuring Fault Ride-Through Capability of Grid Connected DFIG-Based Wind Turbine Systems: A Review

Renewable energy sources (RES) are being integrated to electrical grid to complement the conventional sources to meet up with global electrical energy demand. Among other RES, Wind Energy Conversion Systems (WECS) with Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) have gained global electricity market competitiveness because of the flexible regulation of active and reactive power, higher power quality, variable speed operation, four quadrant converter operation and better dynamic performance. Grid connected DFIG-based WECS are prone to disturbances in the network because of direct connection of stator windings to grid. The ability of the Wind Turbine (WT) to remain connected during grid faults is termed the Fault Ride-Through (FRT) capability. The grid code requirement for integrating the DFIG-based WTs to power networks specified that they must remain connected and support the grid stability during grid disturbances of up to 1500 ms. The use of compensation devices offers the best FRT compliance thereby protecting the DFIG and the converters from voltage fluctuations and over currents during the grid fault. The paper presents a review of techniques employed in ensuring FRT compliance. The article also proposes the state-of-the-art techniques for compensating voltage sag/swell and limiting the fault short-circuit current.
 Keywords: Renewable energy sources, DFIG, wind turbine system, fault ride-through, grid codes, dual-functional DVR

PSO-Backstepping Design for Sharing Active and Reactive Power in Grid Connected DFIG Based Wind Turbine

An optimal backstepping controller is developed for doubly fed induction generator based wind turbine (DFIG). The objective is the control of active and reactive power exchanged between the generator and electrical grid in presence of uncertainty and reduce transient loads. The backstepping controller is coupled with an artificial bee colony aeroturbine algorithm in order to extract the maximum energy. Particle swarm optimization is used to select optimal value of backstepping’s parameters. The simulation is carried out on 2.4 MW DFIG based wind turbine system. The optimized performance of the proposed control technique under uncertainty parameters and transient load is established by simulation results

Design of Optimal Control of DFIG-based Wind Turbine System through Linear Quadratic Regulator

This paper is devoted to implement an optimal control approach applying Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) to control a DFIG based Wind Turbine. The main goal of proposed LQR Controller is to achieve the active and reactive power and the DC-link voltage control of DFIG system in order to extract the maximum power from the wind turbine. In fact, the linearized state-space model of studied system in the d-q rotating reference frame is established. However, the overall system is controlled using MPPT strategy. The simulation results are obtained with Sim-Power-System and Simulink of MATLAB in terms of steady-state values, Peak amplitude, settling time and rise-time. Finally, the eigenvalue analysis and the simulation results are rated to ensure studied system robustness and stability, and the effectiveness of the control strategy.

Power‐control and speed‐control modes of a DFIG using adaptive sliding mode type‐2 neuro‐fuzzy for wind energy conversion system

This study proposes an adaptive sliding mode type-2 neuro-fuzzy control scheme for power-control and speed-control modes of doubly fed induction generator (DFIG). DFIG-based wind turbine system operates as variable-speed wind energy conversion system (WECS) with constant frequency. In the proposed controller design, a sliding mode control (SMC) strategy is used for online training of the parameters of type-2 fuzzy set (T2FS) membership functions. Due to the uncertainty of the wind speed and variation in parameters in the WECS, an interval T2FS is used in the proposed control scheme. Based on the controller inputs, the SMC adaptive strategy is used to tune the parameters of antecedent and consequent parts of T2FS. These inputs are active and reactive power and rotor speed errors and their time derivative. These inputs fed to the type-2 neuro-fuzzy system. The results of simulation for a 1.5 MW DFIG-based WECS are compared with the classical proportional–integral (PI) controller and type-1 neuro-fuzzy controller to validate the effectiveness of the proposed controller in power-control and speed-control regions. The results of simulation indicate that, in comparison to the PI and type-1 neuro-fuzzy controller, the proposed control scheme has better performance in both power-control and speed-control modes.

Comparison study between NPWM and NSVPWM strategy in FSMC control of stator reactive and active powers control of a DFIG-based wind turbine system

In this work, we present a comparative study between neural space vector pulse width modulation (NSVPWM) and neural pulse width modulation (NPWM) technique in fuzzy-sliding mode control (FSMC) of stator active and stator reactive power control of a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) for wind energy conversion systems (WECSs). Two strategies approach using FSMC-NSVPWM and FSMC-NPWM are proposed and compared. The validity of the proposed strategies is verified by simulation tests of a DFIG (1.5MW). The reactive power, electromagnetic torque, rotor current and stator active power is determined and compared in the above strategies. The obtained results showed that the proposed FSMC with NSVPWM strategy has stator reactive and active power with low powers ripples and low rotor current harmonic distortion than NPWM strategy. 800x600 Normal 0 false false false EN-AU X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";}

Comparison study between NPWM and NSVPWM strategy in FSMC control of stator reactive and active powers control of a DFIG-based wind turbine system

Comparison study between NPWM and NSVPWM strategy in FSMC control of stator reactive and active powers control of a DFIG-based wind turbine system

An Improved Dynamic Voltage Restorer Model for Ensuring Fault Ride-Through Capability of DFIG-based Wind Turbine Systems

Renewable energy sources (RES) are being integrated to electrical grid to complement the conventional sources in meeting up with global electrical energy demand. Among the RES, Wind Energy Conversion Systems (WECS) have gained global electricity market competitiveness especially the Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG)-based Wind Turbines (WTs) because of flexible regulation of active and reactive power, higher power quality, variable speed operation, four quadrant converter operation and better dynamic performance. Grid connected DFIG-based WTs are prone to disturbances due to faults in the network which made the utilization of the power generated a major concern. The grid code requirement for integrating the DFIGs to grid specified that they must remain connected and support the grid stability during grid disturbances of up to 1500milliseconds. The ability of the DFIG WT system to uphold to the grid codes requirement is termed the Fault Ride – Through (FRT). This paper presented a 1.5MW grid connected DFIG-based WT model with a Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR) for FRT capability enhancement. The design and simulation were performed in MATLAB/Simulink software. The test system was subjected to disturbances leading to Low Voltage Ride – Through (LVRT), Zero Voltage Ride – Through (ZVRT) and High Voltage Ride – Through (HVRT) considering three – phase balanced fault and single line to ground fault. The performance of improved model of DVR shows enhancement over conventional DVR in terms of voltage compensation and fault current mitigation.

Combined Control of DFIG-Based Wind Turbine and Battery Energy Storage System for Frequency Response in Microgrids

This paper presents a novel methodology for frequency control of a microgrid through doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) employing battery energy storage system (BESS) and droop control. The proposed microgrid frequency control is the result of the active power injection from the droop control implemented in the grid side converter (GSC) of the DFIG, and the BESS implemented in the DC link of the back-to-back converter also in the DFIG. This methodology guarantees the battery system charge during operation of the connected DFIG in the network, and the frequency control in microgrid operation after an intentional disturbance. In order for the DFIG to provide frequency support to the microgrid, the best-performing droop gain value is selected. Afterwards its performance is evaluated individually and together with the power injected by the battery. The power used for both battery charging and frequency support is managed and processed by the GSC without affecting the normal operation of the wind system. The simulation tests are performed using Matlab/Simulink toolbox.

PSO-backstepping controller of a grid connected DFIG based wind turbine

The paper demonstrates the feasibility of an optimal backstepping controller for doubly fed induction generator based wind turbine (DFIG). The main purpose is the extract of maximum energy and the control of active and reactive power exchanged between the generator and electrical grid in presence of uncertainty. The maximum energy is obtained by applying an algorithm based on artificial bee colony approach. Particle swarm optimization is used to select optimal value of backstepping’s parameters. The simulation is carried out on 2.4 MW DFIG based wind turbine system. The optimized performance of the proposed control technique under uncertainty parameters is established by simulation results.

Grid connected DFIG based wind energy conversion system using nine switch converter

In this paper, an attempt is made to develop a speed sensor DFIG-based grid-connected Wind Turbine (WT) system with Nine switch converter (NSC) instead of Back-to-back converter (B2BC). The NSC the merits of reduced number of switching devices and cost, more efficient and reduced installation area over B2BC. a new control scheme, with the use of rotor speed sensors from generator, is proposed for NSC to track the maximum power point (MPP) by controlling the active power flow between rotor and grid under varying wind velocity at unity power factor (UPF). Furthermore, 120 o discontiunuous modulation scheme is also incorporated with proposed control scheme to minimize switching losses of the system. The complete study system has been simulated in MATLAB/simulink platform and all the simulation selults are analyzed in details to study the performance of the system. Simulation results ilustrate that the NSC based WT system and its proposed control scheme can work at its optimum power level for an extensive range of wind velocity and also competent to achieve independent control on flow of both active and reactive powers.