Electrochemical Energy Storage Devices Research Articles

Adsorption Modes of Na+, Li+, and Mg2+ to a Model Zwitterionic Lipid Bilayer.

The adsorption of ions to soft-porous interfaces plays a critical role in many physical and biological processes, such as the function of electrochemical energy storage devices or the attachment of membrane proteins to cell surfaces. In this work, we characterize different adsorption modes and describe the adsorption behavior of Na+, Li+, and Mg2+ onto a porous substrate. We identify three categories of adsorption based on the degree of dehydration of the ion, viz., steric adsorption corresponding to a lack of dehydration, imperfect adsorption with partial dehydration, and perfect adsorption representing total dehydration. Using 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine (POPC) in salt solution as a generic model system for salt at a soft and porous interface, based on the simulation model used, we find that anions, Cl-, always adsorb sterically. Among cations, the divalent Mg2+ does not dehydrate and is also adsorbed sterically. On the other hand, Na+ adsorbed to a large fraction perfectly, and Li+ exhibits a significant fraction of imperfectly adsorbed ions, We demonstrate that, with everything else held fixed, the adsorption mode of a cation is determined solely by the strength of the electric field produced by the ion at the distance of the hydration shell.

Electrochemical Deposition of Silver Nanoparticle Assemblies on Carbon Ultramicroelectrode Arrays.

Silver nanoparticle (AgNP) assemblies combined with electrode surfaces have a myriad of applications in electrochemical energy storage and conversion devices, (bio)sensor development, and electrocatalysis. Among various nanoparticle synthesis methods, electrochemical deposition is advantageous due to its ability to control experimental parameters, enabling the formation of low-nanoscale (<10 nm) particles with narrow size distributions. Herein, we report the electrodeposition of AgNPs on a unique electrode platform based on carbon ultramicroelectrode arrays (CUAs), exploring several experimental variables including potential, time, and silver ion concentration. Extensive scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed that more reductive deposition potentials resulted in higher counts of smaller-sized AgNPs. While previous studies have employed planar, macro-sized electrodes with millimolar silver ion concentrations and minute-long times for AgNP electrodeposition, our results demonstrate that lower Ag+ concentrations (50-100 µM) and shorter deposition times (15-30 s) are sufficient for successful AgNP formation on CUAs. These findings are attributed to enhanced mass transfer from the radial diffusion of the array-based CUAs. The quantity of deposited Ag was determined to be 1100 ± 200 nmol cm-2, consistent with AgNP-modified CUA electrocatalytic activity for hydrogen peroxide reduction. This study emphasizes the importance of carefully considering AgNP electrodeposition parameters on unconventional electrode surfaces.

Recent Advancements in Fabrication, Separation, and Purification of Hierarchically Porous Polymer Membranes and Their Applications in Next-Generation Electrochemical Energy Storage Devices

Abstract: In recent years, hierarchically porous polymer membranes (HPPMs) have emerged as promising materials for a wide range of applications, including filtration, separation, and energy storage. These membranes are distinguished by their multiscale porous structures, comprising macro-, meso-, and micropores. The multiscale structure enables optimizing the fluid dynamics and maximizing the surface areas, thereby improving the membrane performance. Advances in fabrication techniques such as electrospinning, phase separation, and templating have contributed to achieving precise control over pore size and distribution, enabling the creation of membranes with properties tailored to specific uses. In filtration systems, these membranes offer high selectivity and permeability, making them highly effective for the removal of contaminants in environmental and industrial processes. In electrochemical energy storage systems, the porous membrane architecture enhances ion transport and charge storage capabilities, leading to improved performance in batteries and supercapacitors. This review highlights the recent advances in the preparation methods for hierarchically porous structures and their progress in electrochemical energy storage applications. It offers valuable insights and references for future research in this field.

A robust approach for designing a bismuth high entropy material (BiOXCO3) as a novel electrode material for supercapacitor applications

Modern scientific research development relies on high-entropy materials, which stand out for their intricate nature, positioning them as the nanomaterials of the future electrochemical energy storage device. In this work, we prepared a BiOX (X=Br, Cl, I) CO3 known as BiOXCO3 materials using a simple solvothermal approach. Further investigation was carried out on the electrochemical responses of electrodes based on BiOXCO3. BiOXCO3 (1) is the name given to the equal molar concentration of Br, Cl, I, and CO3. BiOXCO3 (2) was created when the concentration of Br was doubled, followed by BiOXCO3 (3) with Cl, BiOXCO3 (4) with I, and BiOXCO3 (5) with CO3. Among them, BiOXCO3 (5) has demonstrated a supreme specific capacitance value of 645 F g−1 at 1 A g−1. This preliminary work describes the tuning of the anion concentration in BiOXCO3 materials toward supercapacitor applications, paving the way for future investigations of bismuth-based high-entropy materials.

Oxide Solid Electrolytes in Solid‐State Batteries

AbstractSolid‐state electrolytes (SSEs) have re‐emerged as high‐priority materials for enhancing the safety and power density of electrochemical energy storage devices. However, several challenges, including low ionic conductivity, narrow redox windows, and interface issues, hinder the practical deployment of solid‐state batteries (SSBs). In this review, we evaluate recent advances in the design, synthesis, and analysis of oxide SSEs and identify relevant structural and stability factors, as well as dimensional design concepts, for creating oxide SSEs to meet practical application requirements. We provide an overview of the development and characteristics of oxide SSEs, then analyze bulk and ion transport based on different structures. We summarize the progress made in various synthetic approaches to oxide SSEs and discuss issues related to their stability and factors influencing ionic conductivity. Furthermore, we present the main challenges and future development directions of oxide SSBs to pave the way for the practical applications of oxide SSEs.

Zr-MOF composites with zipped and unzipped carbon nanotubes for high-performance electrochemical supercapacitors.

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have gained considerable interest as crystalline porous materials with notable characteristics, such as high surface area and excellent electrochemical performance, particularly in supercapacitor applications. The combination of MOFs with various nanocarbon materials further enhances their performance. This study investigated the combination of zirconium-based MOFs (Zr-MOFs) with graphene oxide nanoribbons (GONRs), zipped carbon nanotubes, and functionalized carbon nanotubes (FCNTs) to fabricate composites with elevated electrical conductivity, adjustable surface area, chemical robustness, mechanical strength, and customizable attributes for specific applications. Zr-MOFs exhibit remarkable capacitance, making them promising electrode materials for supercapacitors. GONRs and FCNTs have recently emerged as focal materials owing to their unique properties, which make them promising materials for electrochemical energy storage devices. A thorough investigation of the supercapacitive behavior of GONRs, FCNTs, Zr-MOFs, Zr-MOFs/FCNTs, and Zr-MOFs/GONRs in 1 M H2SO4 using different evaluation systems (three- and two-electrode systems) revealed a significant enhancement in the capacitance of Zr-MOFs after the introduction of GONRs and FCNTs. Employing Zr-MOF/GONR and Zr-MOF/FCNT composites as positive electrodes and GONRs as negative electrodes in two-electrode measurements demonstrated remarkable cycling stability by retaining their specific capacitances (Cs) even after 10 000 consecutive charge/discharge cycles at a high current density of 10 A g-1. Moreover, they feature a broad potential window of 1.7 V in the three-electrode system. This extends to 2 V in the two-electrode system, achieving high Cs. This highlights the remarkable electrochemical performance of the Zr-MOF/GONR and Zr-MOF/FCNT composites, offering a compelling approach for energy storage applications.

Algae‐Derived Precursors for Sustainable Electrochemical Energy Storage

The simple production and harvesting of algae, along with its lower environmental impact and fewer geopolitical issues, make it a viable precursor for electrochemical energy storage devices. Algae represent a promising biomaterial for electrode materials in electrochemical energy storage devices, including hard carbon, sol–gel‐based anode batteries, sodium batteries, oxygen reduction reaction catalysts in zinc–air batteries, and cathode materials in zinc‐ion and lithium‐ion batteries. Algae‐based batteries are fabricated using methods like pyrolysis, hydrothermal processes, agar‐aided dissolution, electrolysis, annealing, and sol–gel methods. Among these, the sol–gel method using agar to construct refillable hydrogel batteries stands out. Agar's compatibility with acetylene black enhances electrochemical properties and offers the advantage of refill ability, which is challenging in metal‐ion batteries. Algae carbons have demonstrated enhanced specific capacity and cyclic performance, paving the way for their use in both medical and industrial applications. The article reviews the utilization of algae‐based batteries in different industrial and medical pacemaker applications as well as examines the feasibility of the operation of algae‐based batteries synthesized through various parameters and precursors.

Constructing High‐Performance Zn‐Iodine Batteries with CuI‐PVP Composite Layer Coated Zn Anodes

AbstractAqueous zinc‐iodine (Zn‐I2) batteries featuring abundant raw materials, inherent safety, excellent cost competitiveness and environmental benignity have been identified as one kind of important electrochemical energy storage devices. However, these batteries always suffer from inferior electrochemical performance, because of dendrite growth and corrosion/passivation of the anodes. Herein, a copper iodide‐polyvinylpyrrolidone (CuI‐PVP) composite layer is proposed to suppress the parasitic reactions and protect the Zn anodes. In this layer, the CuI can spontaneously react with metallic Zn and convert into Cu and Cu5Zn8 (2CuI+Zn→2Cu+ZnI2; 5Cu+8Zn→Cu5Zn8). The highly zincophilic Cu and Cu5Zn8, as heterogeneous seeds, can guide the uniform Zn nucleation and deposition, while alleviating corrosion of the Zn anodes. At the same time, the iodide species releasing from the composite layer can be oxidized and deposited on the cathodes, contributing additional capacity. As a result, the symmetric cell prepared with the CuI‐PVP@Zn anodes demonstrates a long cycling lifetime of 1400 hours at 1 mA cm−2 and 1 mAh cm−2. Under an even higher current density of 5 mA cm−2, the CuI‐PVP@Zn cell can still stably work for more than 660 hours. The practical application of this CuI‐PVP@Zn electrode has been further demonstrated in Zn‐I2 full batteries, which achieve 60 % higher specific capacity than the untreated ones (251.4 vs. 157.1 mAh g−1 after 2800 cycles).

Engineering to disrupt ZIF-67 formation: Novel strategy for constructing hierarchically three-dimensional NiCo-layered double Hydroxide@Co-ZIF-L composites for enhancing energy storage

Effective design and construction of highly electrochemically active materials on conductive substrates with hierarchical nanostructures are critical for enhancing the electrochemical energy storage performance of electrodes. However, the design of such special structures is still challenging. In this study, a special three-dimensional@three-dimensional (3D@3D) NiCo-layered double hydroxide (NiCo-LDH) composite nanostructure is developed through the innovative approach of in-situ growth of arrayed Co-Zif-L on conductive substrate, disrupting the Zif-67 formation. This is followed by ion exchange process and electrochemical synthesis for growing 3D NiCo-LDH nanosheets. A unique structure with the 3D NiCo-LDH embedded in the 3D Co-Zif-L structure, termed as 3D@3D, is resulted. This spatial structure not only enhances their mechanical stability and adhesion strength through the in-situ growth process, but also provides a greater number of electrochemical active sites due to its ultra-large specific surface area. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that the NiCo-LDH@Co-Zif-L composite nanostructure exhibits an enhanced density of states (DOS) near the Fermi level compared to individual components, indicating excellent conductivity. With this unique structure, the NiCo-LDH@Co-Zif-L/NF electrode demonstrates an area-specific capacity of 4.1C cm−2 and retains 81.9 % of its initial capacitance after 5000 cycles. Moreover, the assembled hybrid supercapacitor achieves an energy density of 222.2 mWh cm−2 at a power density of 800 mW cm−2 (66.9 Wh kg−1 at 245 W/kg). The innovative approach in this work provides new insights into the utilization of Zif materials and designing electrode materials with special structures for high-performance electrochemical energy storage devices.

A DFT Study of Band-Gap Tuning in 2D Black Phosphorus via Li+, Na+, Mg2+, and Ca2+ Ions.

Black phosphorus (BP) and its two-dimensional derivative (2D-BP) have garnered significant attention as promising anode materials for electrochemical energy storage devices, including next-generation fast-charging batteries. However, the interactions between BP and light metal ions, as well as how these interactions influence BP's electronic properties, remain poorly understood. Here, we employed density functional theory (DFT) to investigate the effects of monovalent (Li+ and Na+) and divalent (Mg2+ and Ca2+) ions on the valence electronic structure of 2D-BP. Molecular orbital analysis revealed that the adsorption of divalent cations can significantly reduce the band gap, suggesting an enhancement in charge transfer rates. In contrast, the adsorption of monovalent cations had minimal impact on the band gap, suggesting the preservation of 2D-BP's intrinsic electrical properties. Energetic and charge analyses indicated that the extent of charge transfer primarily governs the ability of ions to modulate 2D-BP's electronic structure, especially under high-pressure conditions where ions are in close proximity to the 2D-BP surface. Moreover, charge polarization calculations revealed that, compared with monovalent cations, divalent cations induced greater polarization, disrupting the symmetry of the pristine 2D-BP and further influencing its electronic characteristics. These findings provide a molecular-level understanding of how ion interactions influence 2D-BP's electronic properties during ion-intercalation processes, where ions are in close proximity to the 2D-BP surface. Moreover, the calculated diffusion barrier results revealed the potential of 2D-BP as an effective anode material for lithium-ion, sodium-ion, and magnesium-ion batteries, though its performance may be limited for calcium-ion batteries. By extending our understanding of interactions between ions and 2D-BP, this work contributes to the design of efficient and reliable energy storage technologies, particularly for the next-generation fast-charging batteries.

Bacterial Cellulose Applications in Electrochemical Energy Storage Devices.

Bacterial cellulose (BC) is produced via the fermentation of various microorganisms. It has an interconnected 3D porous network structure, strong water-locking ability, high mechanical strength, chemical stability, anti-shrinkage properties, renewability, biodegradability, and a low cost. BC-based materials and their derivatives have been utilized to fabricate advanced functional materials for electrochemical energy storage devices and flexible electronics. This review summarizes recent progress in the development of BC-related functional materials for electrochemical energy storage devices. The origin, components, and microstructure of BC are discussed, followed by the advantages of using BC in energy storage applications. Then, BC-related material design strategies in terms of solid electrolytes, binders, and separators, as well as BC-derived carbon nanofibers for electroactive materials are discussed. Finally, a short conclusion and outlook regarding current challenges and future research opportunities related to BC-based advanced functional materials for next-generation energy storage devices suggestions are proposed.

Topology optimization for the full-cell design of porous electrodes in electrochemical energy storage devices

Topology optimization for the full-cell design of porous electrodes in electrochemical energy storage devices

Synergistic effect of CdS/GO nanocomposite for enhanced electrochemical performance in symmetric supercapacitor

Abstract Metal sulfides and graphene oxide nanocomposites have recently has garnered considerable attention in the field of electrochemical energy storage devices. In this study, we synthesized a cadmium sulfide/graphene oxide (CdS/GO) nanocomposite via Solid-State Reaction (SSR) method. The CdS/GO composites were subsequently investigated to be used as electrode materials for supercapacitors. Notably, the CdS/GO-0.04 electrode demonstrated superior capacitive performance compare to individual CdS and their composites with GO. In a symmetric supercapacitor configuration, the CdS/GO-0.04 cathode demonstrated a specific capacitance of 211.5 F g⁻¹ at a scan rate of 1.5 A g⁻¹ and maintained 93% of its capacitance after 1,000 cycles at a current density of 5 A g⁻¹, indicating excellent cycling stability. The significantly improved capacitive performance of CdS/GO-0.04 can be primarily attributed to the synergistic interaction between CdS and GO particles, enhanced conductivity, and the relatively larger surface area of the composites. These findings suggest that CdS/GO nanocomposites hold great promise as electrode materials for high-performance energy storage applications.&amp;#xD;

MXene Triggered Free Radical Polymerization in Minutes Toward All-Printed Zn-Ion Hybrid Capacitors and Beyond.

Additive manufacturing of (quasi-) solid-state (QSS) electrochemical energy storage devices (EES) highlights the significance of gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs) design. Creating well-bonded electrode-GPEs interfaces in the electrode percolative network via printing leads to large-scale production of customized EES with boosted electrochemical performance but has proven to be quite challenging. Herein, we report on a versatile, universal and scalable approach to engineer a controllable, seamless electrode-GPEs interface via free radical polymerization (FRP) triggered by MXene at room temperature. Importantly, MXene reduces the dissociation enthalpy of persulfate initiators and significantly shortens the induction period accelerated by SO4 -, enabling the completion of FRP within minutes. The as-formed well-bonded electrode-GPEs interface homogenizes the electrical and concentration fields (i.e., Zn2+), therefore suppressing the dendrites formation, which translates to long-term cycling (50,000 times), high energy density (105.5 Wh kg-1) and power density (9231 W kg-1) coupled with excellent stability upon deformation in the zinc-ion hybrid capacitors (ZHCs). Moreover, the critical switch of the rheological behaviours of the polymer electrolyte (as aqueous inks in still state and become solids once triggered by MXene) perfectly ensures the direct all-printing of electrodes and GPEs with well-bonded interface in between, opening vast possibilities for all-printed QSS EES beyond ZHCs.

MXene Triggered Free Radical Polymerization in Minutes Toward All‐Printed Zn‐Ion Hybrid Capacitors and Beyond

AbstractAdditive manufacturing of (quasi−) solid‐state (QSS) electrochemical energy storage devices (EES) highlights the significance of gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs) design. Creating well‐bonded electrode‐GPEs interfaces in the electrode percolative network via printing leads to large‐scale production of customized EES with boosted electrochemical performance but has proven to be quite challenging. Herein, we report on a versatile, universal and scalable approach to engineer a controllable, seamless electrode‐GPEs interface via free radical polymerization (FRP) triggered by MXene at room temperature. Importantly, MXene reduces the dissociation enthalpy of persulfate initiators and significantly shortens the induction period accelerated by SO4−, enabling the completion of FRP within minutes. The as‐formed well‐bonded electrode‐GPEs interface homogenizes the electrical and concentration fields (i.e., Zn2+), therefore suppressing the dendrites formation, which translates to long‐term cycling (50,000 times), high energy density (105.5 Wh kg−1) and power density (9231 W kg−1) coupled with excellent stability upon deformation in the zinc‐ion hybrid capacitors (ZHCs). Moreover, the critical switch of the rheological behaviours of the polymer electrolyte (as aqueous inks in still state and become solids once triggered by MXene) perfectly ensures the direct all‐printing of electrodes and GPEs with well‐bonded interface in between, opening vast possibilities for all‐printed QSS EES beyond ZHCs.

Carbon-Nickel Oxide Nanofiber based Supercapacitors for Improvement of Electrochemical Performance

Now a days, demand for electrical energy is increasing because most of our gadgets and devices based on electricity. Due to the depletion of fossil fuel much more attention is given to renewable energy sources and devices to store that energy. Between these energy storage devices electrochemical energy storage devices has got more attention and among electrochemical energy storage devices, batteries are dominant, but they experience some safety issue, slow charge transfer and cannot meet high power requirement for numerous applications. Thus, as compare to batteries supercapacitor have high power density and fast charge transfer. So much more attention is going on to increase the performance of supercapacitors. In this study, hydrothermal method is used to synthesis rGO/NiO composite and electrospinning to fabricate rGO/NiO composite nanofibers. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and x-ray diffraction (XRD) is performed to study morphological and structural properties. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) are performed to study the electrochemical behavior. Reduced graphene oxide shows specific capacitance as low as 91.6 F/g. NiO nanostructures, rGO/NiO composite and rGO/NiO composite nanofibers shows specific capacitance of 256.4 F/g, 537.8 F/g and 663.8 F/g respectively.

Visualized Detection of Lithium Plating on Graphite Anodes Cycled Under Low Temperature and Fast Charging

AbstractLithium‐ion batteries are currently the most widely used electrochemical energy storage devices. However, the most used graphite anode faces severe lithium plating issues when charging at low temperatures or high rates, leading to battery's capacity decay and even safety concerns. Therefore, visually and quantitatively detecting lithium plating is extremely important to analyze battery's performances. Here a convenient, rapid‐response, visual, and semi‐quantitative technique, namely fluorescence probe, is put forward to visually and quantitatively detect lithium plating on graphite anodes. A commercially available aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) molecule (4′‐hydroxychalcone) is introduced as a probe. The hydroxyl group of 4′‐hydroxychalcone can rapidly and sensitively react with plated lithium, instantaneously emerging an intensive yellow fluorescence within seconds; while 4′‐hydroxychalcone undergoes fluorescence quenching when directly contacting with graphite. Based on this, not only the uneven distribution of plated lithium on graphite anodes can be simply and clearly visualized and detected after being charged at low temperatures or high rates, but also the semi‐quantitative relationship between fluorescence intensity and the amount of plated lithium can be well established. Therefore, this work puts forward a practical solution for analyzing lithium plating on graphite anodes, offering a practical approach for failure analysis of lithium‐ion batteries used in various scenarios.

3D printing and micro-spring architecting to reconcile ultra-high areal and volumetric energy density in highly loaded supercapacitors

The rigorous demand for significantly enhanced performance gains in metrics of areal and volumetric energy density from futuristic energy storage devices is driving current technological endeavors towards the design of highly-loaded energy storage systems. The advancement of supercapacitors has faced a formidable challenge in reconciling ultra-high areal (>1 mWh cm−2) and volumetric performance (>10 mWh cm−3) due to the intricate issue of efficient mass transport in a highly loaded environment. Here, the capability of 3D printing technology to architect open frameworks is well leveraged in conjunction with material interface decoration to create a heavily loaded pseudocapacitive MnO2 electrode of low structural tortuosity and fast surface reaction. By harnessing the potential of self-assembly, a robust electrode composed of ubiquitous micro-springs is developed, permitting elastic strain engineering that exceptionally augmented the volumetric performance while preserving efficient mass transport pathways for reasonable kinetics. Coupling with these features, a groundbreaking achievement is attained as an individual supercapacitor unit now boasts an unprecedented ultrahigh areal energy density of 2.83 mWh cm−2 and volumetric energy density of 37.3 mWh cm−3. The proposed strategy provides an informative roadmap benefiting the construction of next-level electrochemical energy storage devices.

Customizing Biochar Formulations: Enabling Sustainable and High-Performance Electrochemical Energy Storage Devices

Customizing Biochar Formulations: Enabling Sustainable and High-Performance Electrochemical Energy Storage Devices

Enhancing the Filler Utilization of Composite Gel Electrolytes via In Situ Solution-Processable Method for Sustainable Sodium-Ion Batteries.

The composite gel electrolyte (CGE), which combines the advantages of inorganic solid-state electrolytes and solid polymer electrolytes, is regarded as the ultimate candidate for constructing batteries with high safety and superior electrode-electrolyte interface contact. However, the ubiquitous agglomeration of nanofillers results in low filler utilization, which seriously reduces structural uniformity and ion transport efficiency, thus restricting the development of consistent and durable batteries. Herein, a solution-processable method to in situ construct CGE with high filler utilization is introduced. The homogeneous metal-organic framework fillers contribute to uniform ionic and electronic filed distribution, realizing a stable electrode-electrolyte interface. Consequently, the CGE with high filler utilization achieves an ultra-long lifespan of 10000 cycles with a capacity retention of 80.2%. This work provides guidance for constructing high-performance CGEs in electrochemical energy-storage devices.