Lifespan Of Devices Research Articles

Optimizing Transmit Power for User-Cooperative Backscatter-Assisted NOMA-MEC: A Green IoT Perspective

Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) enables the parallel offloading of multiuser tasks, effectively enhancing throughput and reducing latency. Backscatter communication, which passively reflects radio frequency (RF) signals, improves energy efficiency and extends the operational lifespan of terminal devices. Both technologies are pivotal for the next generation of wireless networks. However, there is little research focusing on optimizing the transmit power in backscatter-assisted NOMA-MEC systems from a green IoT perspective. In this paper, we aim to minimize the transmit energy consumption of a Hybrid Access Point (HAP) while ensuring task deadlines are met. We consider the integration of Backscatter Communication (BackCom) and Active Transmission (AT), and leverage NOMA technology and user cooperation to mitigate the double near–far effect. Specifically, we formulate a transmit energy consumption minimization problem, accounting for task deadline constraints, task offloading decisions, transmit power allocation, and energy constraints. To tackle the non-convex optimization problem, we employ variable substitution and convex optimization theory to transform the original non-convex problem into a convex one, which is then efficiently solved. We deduce the semi-closed form expression of the optimal solution and propose an energy-efficient algorithm to minimize the transmit power of the entire wireless powered MEC. The extensive simulation results demonstrate that our proposed scheme significantly reduces the HAP transmit power by around 8% compared to existing schemes, validating the effectiveness of our approach. This study provides valuable insights for the design of green IoT systems by optimizing the transmit power in NOMA-MEC networks.

Effect of sub‐coercive degradation on the local piezoelectric properties in lead zirconate titanate ceramics

AbstractLead zirconate titanate (PZT) is a widely recognized piezoelectric ceramic exhibiting excellent dielectric and ferroelectric properties over a wide range of temperature and frequency, making it desirable for applications such as capacitors, piezoelectric transducers, and actuators. Being subjected to repeated electrical loading in various applications, a progressive decrease in the functionality can happen, leading to device failure over time. Therefore, understanding degradation phenomena in all aspects is of importance to expand the lifespan of electronic devices. Despite of many studies focusing on the macroscopic properties of ferroelectrics related to degradation, such as switchable polarization, little is known about the change on local ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties and the domain structure induced by degradation. This paper reports the effect of sub‐coercive electrical cycling on local static and dynamic piezoelectric properties for PZT ceramic using piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM). The piezoelectric properties are probed along the three sample directions (x, y, z) to gain comprehensive insights into the local domain orientation throughout the bulk PZT sample which is then compared with microscopically measured piezoelectric coefficients. The PFM results are analyzed with respect to changes in domain orientation (depolarization) as well as to reduction on piezoelectric material response (degradation) to identify the origin of the degradation behavior. Our results directly show a strong depolarization effect in the direction of the applied electric field because of sub‐coercive cycling although it leads to small or even no degradation in directions perpendicular to the applied electric field. However, the latter is associated with a notable change in dynamic polarization switching properties which are strongly tied to the local domain structure. Our study shows that the origin of the degradation can be identified by analyzing the statistical change of local piezoelectric properties.

On-demand beamforming and wide dynamic power range for WPT and EH applications

Abstract This work delves into advancements in wireless power transfer (WPT) and radiofrequency (RF) energy harvesting (EH), focusing on on-demand beamforming and wide-dynamic power range technologies. These innovations promise significant improvements in efficiency and adaptability for wireless energy systems. For transmitting RF power, on-demand beamforming enhances power delivery precision by accurately targeting specific devices, minimizing energy waste, and maximizing received power. This technology is particularly useful in dynamic environments with constantly changing device positions, ensuring stable power levels and effective real-time power transfer, such as for mobile device charging. For receiving RF power, wide-dynamic power range implementation allows EH and WPT systems to adjust power output across a broad spectrum, optimizing energy use and extending device lifespan. This capability supports scalability, accommodating devices with varied power needs, also enabling new applications in consumer electronics, healthcare, smart homes, and cities, and enhancing energy management in smart infrastructures. Additionally, this study explores three-dimensional (3D)-printable antennas and RF circuitries for battery-free applications. The versatility of 3D printing allows the creation of complex, efficient, and customizable RF components, fostering innovative battery-free solutions. Integrating on-demand beamforming and wide-dynamic power range technologies in EH systems promise improved energy transfer efficiencies, reduced losses, and sustainable, cost-effective wireless power systems.

Addressing E-Waste

Electronic waste, commonly referred to as e-waste, is a health and environmental hazard that affects many people and ecosystems around the world. As the volume of e-waste continues to surge, it is imperative this issue is addressed. Contributing to this situation is the Internet of Things (IoT); an expanding industry deploying countless smart devices globally. Prolonging the lifespan of already-deployed devices through acts of repair can help to reduce the impact of IoT on climate change. A sustainable design and innovation approach to addressing this growing problem is to challenge conventional design practices focused on consumption by prioritising community repairability in design. This paper uses an ethnographic and interview approach to explore the challenges of repairing smart devices within community repair contexts. We discuss the impact of fail-fast approaches and the assumptions that repairers hold about the repairability of smart devices. Our findings demonstrate how repair café processes cause smart devices to be filtered out, thereby identifying barriers that designers and repair café organisers must navigate to successfully incorporate the repair of smart products into these settings.

Effects of Sn addition in W-doped Ag paste against electrochemical corrosion and sulfurization

Purpose This study aims to address these challenges by enhancing the resistance of Ag-based pastes to corrosion and sulfurization, thereby improving their performance and weatherability in high-power and high-frequency electronic applications. Design/methodology/approach This study investigates the influence of Sn doping in W-doped Ag paste to enhance resistance against electrochemical corrosion and sulfurization. A systematic examination was conducted using transient liquid phase sintering and solid–liquid inter-diffusion techniques to understand the microstructural and electrochemical properties. Findings This study found that Sn addition in W-doped Ag paste significantly improves its resistance to electrochemical corrosion and sulfurization. The sintering process at 600°C led to the formation of an Ag2WO4 phase at the grain boundaries, which, along with the presence of Sn, effectively inhibited the growth of Ag2WO4 grains. The 0.5% Sn-doped samples exhibited optimal anti-corrosion properties, demonstrating a longer grain boundary length and a passivation effect that significantly reduced the corrosion rate. No Ag2S phase was detected in the weatherability tests, confirming the enhanced durability of the doped samples. Originality/value The findings of this study highlight the potential of Sn-doped Ag-W composites as a promising material for electronic components, particularly in environments prone to sulfurization and corrosion. By improving the anti-corrosion properties and reducing the grain size, this study offers a new approach to extending the lifespan and reliability of electronic devices, making a significant contribution to the development of advanced materials for high-power and high-frequency applications.

Study on the influence mechanism of gate oxide degradation on DM EMI signals in SiC MOSFET

This paper investigates gate oxide degradation and its influence on Differential Mode(DM) EMI signals. The study reveals that changes in the parasitic capacitance within the chip, resulting from gate oxide degradation, can modify the amplitude-frequency characteristics of DM EMI signals, leading to unexpected transmission outcomes. This paper subjects SiC MOSFET modules to periodic high-temperature gate bias stress, extracts the spectrum characteristics of DM EMI, and assesses the impact of junction temperature. The analysis explores the impact of gate oxide degradation on low and high frequency DM EMI signals. Experimental results reveal distinct sensitivities of amplitude-frequency characteristics in the DM EMI signals to temperature variations and responses to gate oxide degradation at various frequency bands. The extrapolation of the correlation between the frequency-domain characteristics of the DM EMI signals and the degree of gate oxide degradation introduces a novel approach to evaluate the lifespan of power electronic devices.

3D printing, leakage-proof, and flexible phase change composites for thermal management application

Phase change composites (PCCs) have attracted much attention in the fields of thermal management due to their high latent heat. However, their risk of leakage and poor shape designability greatly limit their industrial applications. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop leakage-proof and customizable PCCs to meet the emerging requirements of thermal management applications. Some scholars have proposed the concept of preparing PCCs by 3D printing technology, aiming to meet customized thermal management requirements of various electronic devices. Nevertheless, the phase change material leaking of PCCs under high temperature is still a tough problem to solve. In this study, expanded graphite (EG) is used as the carrier for paraffin wax (PW), which names as EP can tightly enveloping PW in its porous structure. Then, an innovative carbomer gel ink is prepared for 3D printing using EP and short carbon fiber (SCF) as thermal conductive fillers. Freeze-drying and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) infiltrating procedures are furtherly performed to ensure the flexibility of final PCCs samples. A maximum thermal conductivity of 2.89 W/(m·K) is obtained when the content of SCF/EP filler is 10 wt%. Importantly, the flexible PCCs prepared through this method effectively prevent the PW leaking during thermal management applications, thereby avoiding the consequent safety risks and enhancing the lifespan of electronic devices. This work opens up a promising pathway for the rapid fabrication of leakage-proof, customizable and flexible PCCs.

Organic Salt Buffer Layer Enables High‐Performance NiOx‐Based Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells

The merits of a low‐cost fabrication process, suitable band structure, excellent wettability to perovskite precursor, and outstanding stability ensure NiOx as a hole transport material with beneficial characteristics to construct high‐performance perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, direct contact between perovskite and NiOx causes delamination and chemical instability and thus results in poor carrier transport and short device lifespan. Here, we propose a solution for this issue by introducing an organic salt additive 4‐(trifluoromethyl) benzylammonium formate (TFMBAFa) in the perovskite precursor to passivate perovskite film and NiOx@(2‐(3,6‐dimethyl‐9H‐carbazol‐9‐yl) ethyl) phosphonic acid (Me‐2PACz) composited hole transport layer (HTL), and thus construct a buffer layer between perovskite‐HTL interface. The effective diminishing of NiOx/perovskite interfacial reactions and defects results in enhanced carrier transport. Consequently, the target device achieves simultaneous improvements in power conversion efficiency (24.2%), storage stability (T100 > 1400 h), thermal stability (T80 > 1000 h), and operational stability (T70 > 850 h), where T100, T80, and T70 refer to the retention of 100%, 80%, and 70% of initial PCE, respectively. This work provides an effective strategy to advance the performance of NiOx‐based inverted PSCs.

Green Hydrogen Production From Non-Traditional Water Sources: A Sustainable Energy Solution With Hydrogen Storage and Distribution.

Green hydrogen development plays an essential role in creating a sustainable and environmentally conscious society while reducing reliance on traditional fossil fuels. Proton Exchange Membrane Water Electrolysers (PEMWEs), are sensitive to water quality, with various impurities impacting their efficiency, the quality of the hydrogen produced, and the device's lifespan. High-purity water is required for PEM electrolyzers; Type II water, which is required for commercial electrolyzers, must have a resistivity greater than 1 MΩ cm, sodium, and chloride concentrations less than 5 μg/L, and total organic carbon (TOC) content less than 50 parts per billion. The majority of electrolyzers operate on freshwater, or total dissolved solids (TDS) <0.5 g/kg, whereas brackish, rainwater, wastewater, and seawater have TDSs of 1-35 g/kg, 0.01-0.15 g/kg, 0.5-2 g/kg, and 35-45 g/kg, respectively. This critical review offers, for the first time, a comprehensive overview of relevant impurities in operating electrolyzers and their impact. The findings of this study indicate that electrolysis-based H2 processes are promising options that contribute to the H2 production capacity but require improvements to produce larger competitive volumes. In addition, the main challenges and opportunities for generating, storing, transporting, and distributing hydrogen, as well as large-scale adoption are discussed.

Effect of pH on the fabrication of lauric acid/Ag phase change nanocapsules via liquid-phase reduction

Phase change nanocapsules can be dispersed in fluids to form latant functional thermal fluids (LFTFs), which can serve as effective coolants for extending the lifespan of electronic devices. For this purpose, it is significant to prepare phase change capsules that possess excellent heat storage capacity, thermal conductivity, and suspension stability. In this paper, lauric acid/silver composite phase change nanocapsules were prepared by liquid-phase reduction method. To investigate the effect of pH value on capsule synthesis, six phase change capsule samples were prepared between pH values of 2.6–4.6. The results indicate that the prepared nanocapsules exhibited good heat storage capacity and thermal conductivity under different pH values. However, as pH increases, the silver shell thickness on the nanocapsule surface initially decreases and subsequently increases. The silver shell thickness of L3 is the thinnest, measuring 12.5 nm. Correspondingly, the enthalpy and volume encapsulation rate of the phase change capsules first increase and then decrease. The lauric acid/Ag nanocapsules possess a thermal conductivity in the 1.77–4.32 W/(m∙K) range. Further, it is found that pH affects the formation of silver shell on the surface of lauric acid/Ag phase change nanocapsules by influencing the electrostatic interactions between particles, and diffusion in the system, which explains the variation of silver shell thickness with pH value for the six capsule samples. We also found that the thinner the silver shell of the nanocapsules, the more advantageous it is to reduce the density of the capsules, thereby improving their suspension. Therefore, controlling the pH value during the preparation to obtain lauric acid/Ag phase change nanocapsules with thin silver shell thickness plays an important role in improving the overall performance of phase change nanocapsules used for preparing latent functionally thermal fluid.

Repair Engineering of Crystal Structure in van der Waals Materials by Probe Electron Beam.

The advancement of electronic technology has led to increasing research on performance and stability. Continuous electrical pulse stimulation can cause crystal structure changes, affecting performance and accelerating aging. Controlled repair of these defects is crucial. In this study, we investigated crystal structure changes in van der Waals (vdW) InSe crystals under continuous electric pulses by using electron beam lithography (EBL) and spherical aberration corrected transmission electron microscopy (Cs-TEM). Results show that electrical pulses induce amorphous regions in the InSe lattice, increasing the device resistance. We used Cs-STEM probe scanning for precise repair, abbreviated SPRT, to optimize device performance. SPRT is related to electric fields induced by the electron beam and can be applied to other 2D materials like α-In2Se3 and CrSe2, offering a potential approach to extend device lifespan.

A Dual-Carbon Potassium-Ion Capacitor Enabled by Hollow Carbon Fibrous Electrodes with Reduced Graphitization.

The large size of K+ ions (1.38 Å) sets a challenge in achieving high kinetics and long lifespan of potassium storage devices. Here, a fibrous ZrO2 membrane is utilized as a reactive template to construct a dual-carbon K-ion capacitor. Unlike graphite, ZrO2-catalyzed graphitic carbon presents a relatively disordered layer arrangement with an expanded interlayer spacing of 0.378nm to accommodate K+ insertion/extraction. Pyridine-derived nitrogen sites can locally store K-ions without disrupting the formation of stage-1 graphite intercalation compounds (GICs). Consequently, N-doped hollow graphitic carbon fiber achieves a K+-storage capacity (primarily below 1V), which is 1.5 time that of commercial graphite. Potassium-ion hybrid capacitors are assembled using the hollow carbon fiber electrodes and the ZrO2 nanofiber membrane as the separator. The capacitor exhibits a high power of 40 000 W kg-1, full charge in 8.5 s, 93% capacity retention after 5000 cycles at 2 A g-1, and a low self-discharge rate of 8.6mV h-1. The scalability and high performance of the lattice-expanded tubular carbon electrodes underscores may advance the practical potassium-ion capacitors.

Liquid Metal-Based Self-Healing Conductors for Flexible and Stretchable Electronics.

Flexible and stretchable electronics rely on compliant conductors as essential building materials. However, these materials are susceptible to wear and tear, leading to degradation over time. In response to this concern, self-healing conductors have been developed to prolong the lifespan of functional devices. These conductors can autonomously restore their properties following damage. Conventional self-healing conductors typically comprise solid conductive fillers and healing agents dispersed within polymer matrices. However, the solid additives increase the stiffness and reduce the stretchability of the resulting composites. There is growing interest in utilizing gallium-based liquid metal alloys due to their exceptional electrical conductivity and liquid-phase deformability. These liquid metals are considered attractive candidates for developing compliant conductors capable of automatic recovery. This perspective delves into the rapidly advancing field of liquid metal-based self-healing conductors, exploring their design, fabrication, and critical applications. Furthermore, this article also addresses the current challenges and future directions in this active area of research.

Phase transition kinetics and sublayer optimization of HfO2/ZrO2 superlattice ferroelectric thin films

The sublayer thickness of superlattices, as a key factor affecting lattice integrity, interface defects, and strain, deserves in-depth studies about its impact on improving ferroelectric properties. This study described and analyzed the performance of HfO2/ZrO2 superlattices with various sublayer thicknesses. It can be concluded that the structure of the thicker layers will guide the trend of the phase composition of the entire device: when ZrO2 layers are thicker, the superlattices will exhibit antiferroelectricity due to the higher content of the tetragonal phase (t-phase); when HfO2 layers become thicker, the fraction of the monoclinic phase (m-phase) will increase, leading to a decrease in ferroelectricity and an increase in leakage current. In this way, the device with a 1:1 HfO2/ZrO2 thickness ratio was optimized to have the largest remanent polarization and the lowest leakage current. Maintaining the same thickness ratio of the HfO2/ZrO2 superlattices, it was found that HfO2/ZrO2 superlattices with thinner sublayers exhibited a larger remanent polarization (Pr) value due to increased interlayer distortion. On the contrary, the thicker sublayers reduced leakage current, which was beneficial for improving the device lifespan.

Investigation of home appliances industry and devices obsolescence considering energy consumption

The objective of this study is to optimize a linear objective function that pertains to the obsolescence of home appliances in a household. The approach introduced is an ILP-based method that is both simple and adaptable. This optimization guarantees that the total energy consumption remains below a predetermined energy threshold, while also adhering to an inequality constraint. The proposed methodology was effectively tested using a household containing four home appliances: a washing machine, a dishwasher, a refrigerator, and an oven. The findings indicate that the refrigerator is the most hazardous and inexpensive home appliance. The current formulation aims to optimize the device's lifespan considering the customer's financial constraints and the expenses associated with repairing and replacing its parts. This study centers on the maintenance of printed circuit boards (PCBs) and considers the effects of degradation-related malfunctions, as assessed through testing. Moreover, we employ an additional ILP approach to assess the vulnerability of refrigerator’s PCB components by determining which ones should be replaced when a customer has limited financial resources.

High energy storage performance in BTO-based ferroelectric films

Dielectric capacitors play an increasingly important role in modern electronic power systems due to their ultrahigh charging and discharging speeds and power density. Much research has focused on enhancing dielectric breakdown strength to achieve better energy storage performance; however, this increases the potential for heat generation and unexpected insulation failures, thereby affecting the stability and lifespan of devices. This study introduces a small amount of Na+ dopants at the A-site of BaTiO3, inducing lattice distortions and enhancing local polarization to increase energy storage density rather than through enhancing breakdown strength. The introduction of Na+ enhances the ferroelectric properties, with polar nano-regions (PNRs) gradually evolving into long-range ordered large domains. In the Ba0.985Na0.015TiO3 films, the coexistence and coupling of abundant PNRs with a few long-range ordered ferroelectric domains result in high saturation polarization and low residual polarization. At a moderate electric field of 2.3 MV cm−1, an ultrahigh energy density of 44.3 J cm−3 and a high energy storage efficiency of 78.6 % were obtained. Additionally, the film exhibits excellent frequency stability (100 Hz-20 kHz), temperature stability (30–180 °C), fatigue resistance (107 cycles), and high pulsed discharge energy density, along with great thermal stability. This work provides new insights into achieving exceptional energy storage performance in single-phase films.

Resetting the Drift of Oxygen Vacancies in Ultrathin HZO Ferroelectric Memories by Electrical Pulse Engineering

Ferroelectric HfO2‐based films incorporated in nonvolatile memory devices offer a low‐energy, high‐speed alternative to conventional memory systems. Oxygen vacancies have been rigorously cited in literature to be pivotal in stabilizing the polar noncentrosymmetric phase responsible for ferroelectricity in HfO2‐based films. Thus, the ability to regulate and control oxygen vacancy migration in operando in such materials would potentially offer step changing new functionalities, tunable electrical properties, and enhanced device lifespan. Herein, a novel in‐ operando approach to control both wake‐up and fatigue device dynamics is reported. Via clever design of short ad hoc square electrical pulses, both wake‐up can be sped up and both fatigue and leakage inside the film can be reduced, key factors for enhancing the performance of memory devices. Using plasmon‐enhanced photoluminescence and dark‐field spectroscopy (sensitive to &lt;1% vacancy variation), evidence that the electrical pulses give rise to oxygen vacancy redistribution is provided and it is shown that pulse engineering effectively delays wake‐up and reduces fatigue characteristics of the HfO2‐based films. Comprehensive analysis also includes impedance spectroscopy measurements, which exclude any influence of polarization reversal or domain wall movement in interpretation of results.

Thermally conductive silver adhesive enhanced by MXene@AgNPs with excellent thermal conductivity for thermal management applications

The Thermal Conductive Silver Adhesive (TCSA) efficiently transfers heat from electronic components to heat dissipation components, preventing overheating and extending device lifespan. Despite the effectiveness of commercial sintered nano TCSA, high production costs necessitate a more affordable, high-performance preparation method. This study presents a strategy for preparing ultra-high thermal conductivity (TC) TCSA using multidimensional thermal conductive fillers and low-temperature sintering of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). MXene@AgNPs particles are synthesized via in-situ reduction of AgNPs on MXene surfaces. These particles, combined with silver microflakes (AgMFs) as primary fillers and epoxy (EP), undergo low-temperature heat treatment to form the AgMFs-MXene@AgNPs/EP composite. Characterization and computational models show that filler-filler interface thermal resistance (ITRf-f) is critical for TC. Adding MXene alone is insufficient, but using MXene@AgNPs particles as secondary fillers allows AgNPs to interconnect fillers, effectively reducing the ITRf-f. The resulting composite achieves an ultra-high TC of 65.51 Wm−1K−1 with 63 wt% total filler content (60 wt% AgMFs, 3 wt% MXene@AgNPs). This study advances the development of low-cost, high-performance TCSA for thermal management applications.

Performance and acceptability of the STREAM Disinfectant Generator for infection prevention and control practices in primary health care facilities in Uganda

BackgroundEffective infection prevention and control programs can positively influence quality of care, increase patient safety, and protect health care providers. Chlorine, a widely used and effective chemical disinfectant, is recommended for infection prevention and control in health care settings. However, lack of consistent chlorine availability limits its use. Electrolytic chlorine generators can address limited chlorine supply and stockouts by enabling onsite production of readily usable, high-quality chlorine cost-effectively. We report the feasibility (i.e., performance, acceptability, chlorine availability, and cost) of the electrolytic STREAM Disinfectant Generator (Aqua Research, New Mexico, USA) device for infection prevention and control in primary health care facilities in Uganda.MethodsWe installed STREAM devices in 10 primary health care facilities in central and western Uganda. Commercial chlorine inventory records (stock cards) were reviewed in each facility to calculate average liters of chlorine received and used per month. These values were compared with actual STREAM chlorine production volumes over the study period to determine its impact on chlorine availability. We collected acceptability data from a purposive sample of device users (n = 16), hospital administrators (n = 10), and district health officers (n = 6) who had been directly involved in the operation or supervision of the STREAM device. We descriptively analyzed the acceptability data by user group and evaluated qualitative responses manually using a thematic approach. Cost data were normalized and modeled to determine a break-even and cost-savings analysis across a five-year period (the minimum expected lifespan of the STREAM device).ResultsChlorine was consistently available without any reported stockouts during the evaluation period. STREAM chlorine production resulted in a 36.9 percent cost-savings over a five-year period compared to commercial chlorine. User acceptability of the STREAM device was high among STREAM operators, hospital administrators, and district health officers, with all respondents reporting that STREAM moderately or significantly improved infection prevention and control practices in the health facility. Overall, 88 percent of device users and 100 percent of hospital administrators wished to continue using the STREAM device instead of commercial chlorine products.ConclusionThe STREAM device has demonstrated significant potential to strengthen infection prevention and control practices in health care facilities in Uganda. Based on the preliminary results, the STREAM device should be considered a promising tool for district hospitals and large health centers facing infection prevention and control challenges in Uganda and elsewhere, provided water and electricity are available. Going forward, implementation of the STREAM device could also be considered in smaller health care facilities in Uganda and elsewhere.

Model-Based Thermal Stress and Lifetime Estimation of DFIG Wind Power Converter

Turbine systems equipped with doubly fed induction generation (DFIG) are becoming increasingly vital in wind power generation, with the reliability of the devices serving as a pillar in the industrial sector. Thermal stress and lifetime assessment are fundamental indicators in this regard. This paper primarily addresses the thermal stress and lifespan of power semiconductor devices utilized in a DFIG grid-side converter (GSC) and rotor-side converter (RSC). PLECS (Piecewise Linear Electrical Circuit Simulation) is employed to validate the electrical and thermal stress of the power devices. Additionally, Ansys Icepak, a finite element analysis (FEA) software, is utilized to confirm temperature fluctuations under various operations. The power consumption and junction temperature of the power devices in the GSC and RSC of a 2 MW DFIG are compared. It is evident that the most stressed power semiconductor is the IGBT for the GSC with a temperature swing of 3.4 °C, while the diode in the RSC is the most stressed with a temperature swing of 10.1 °C. This paper also presents a lifetime model to estimate the lifespan of the power device based on the annual wind profile. By considering the annual mission profile, we observe that the lifetime of the back-to-back power converter is limited by the diode of the RSC, whose B10 lifetime is calculated at 15 years.