Deviation Of Control Group Research Articles

The Implementation of Mix-Pair-Share Strategy in Teaching Speaking Skill at School Amid Covid-19 Pandemic

This study is aimed at finding out the effectiveness of Mix Pair Share Strategy in teaching speaking skill at school. The study was an experimental design. The number of the sample was 48 students taken from the total number of the population which consisted of 176 students. Meanwhile, it was taken through cluster random sampling technique. The sample was also divided into two groups; experimental and control group. Each group was treated by different treatment; Mix Pair Share Strategy for the experimental group and Discussion method for the control group. The data of this study was collected through pre-test and post-test. The collected data then analyzed thoroughly. It was found that the mean score of experimental groups was higher than the score of control group (11.83>8.88), the deviation score of experimental groups was higher than the deviation of control group (2.96>2.83), and the value of t-test is higher than t-table, where t-test 5.88> t-table 2.000 for confidence level 0.05. Therefore, it is concluded that the implementation of Mix-Pair Share Strategy in teaching speaking skill at school amid Covid-19 pandemic was effective.

Utility of effect size to define populations with durable clinical outcomes across trials of metastatic colorectal cancer.

e15104 Background: ASCO defined clinically meaningful trial endpoints in colorectal cancer (CRC) as absolute overall survival (OS) of 3-5 months and OS hazard ratio (HR) ≤0.67. Few tools predict clinically distinct subgroups from heterogeneous populations. Effect size (Glass’s delta) calculates the absolute difference in clinical outcomes relative to the standard deviation of control group. We hypothesized that effect sizes ≥1 would be useful in predicting subgroup populations of clinical significance for trials with an indeterminate HR. Methods: Prospective phase II-III trials in metastatic CRC were queried from clinicaltrials.gov and cataloged by clinical outcomes of PFS and OS. Effect size was back-calculated from trials reporting 95% confidence intervals and compared with absolute difference in clinical outcome and hazard ratio. Results: 46 prospective trials were evaluable including 49% with biomarker selection, 57% in the first-line setting, and more commonly studied with targeted therapy over chemotherapy (70 v. 30%; p < 0.001). EGFR inhibitors were studied in 34% and VEGF inhibitors in 23%. Both effect size and HR correlated similarly with PFS (correlation coefficients, R = 0.65 vs. 0.76) and OS (R = 0.83 vs. 0.84) across these studies. Of studies with an indeterminate HR (0.69-0.86; n = 24), 10 studies had a significant effect size (Glass’s delta > 1), indicating the potential for sub-populations with improved clinical benefit within the experimental treatment group. These included 4 trials with planned biomarker analyses. Remaining trials were enriched for studies investigating anti-angiogenic therapies (83% vs. 23%, p = 0.001), including bevacizumab, aflibercept, regorafenib, and ramucirumab. Conclusions: Effect size holds potential as a measure to indicate the presence of subpopulations of patients benefiting in clinical trials. Those trials with a significant effect size despite an indeterminate HR should be examined closely for such populations. In CRC, effect size indicates the potential of a subgroup of patients who benefit significantly from anti-angiogenic agents. Further investigations are needed to validate effect size as a tool to delineate improved clinical outcomes from heterogeneous populations.

THE EFFECT OF REALIA ON STUDENTS’ ACHIEVEMENT IN WRITING DESCRIPTIVE PARAGRAPH

This study was an attempt to discover the effect of using Realia on students’ achievement in writing descriptive paragraph. It was conducted by using experimental research design. The population of this research was the eight grade students of MTS S GUPPI Tanjung Harapan, Rantauprapat which consists of three parallel classes with the total number of students are 90. The sample of this research was taken by random sampling. The result was class VIII-A consisting 30 students became the experimental group and VIII-B consisting of 30 students became the control group. The experimental group was taught by using Realia meanwhile the control group was taught by using Picture. The instrument for collecting the data was writing test. In the calculation of Ttest, the mean of students’ score in experimental group was 21.8 and the mean of students’ score in control group was 14.6. Standard deviation of experimental group was 1630.2, standard deviation of control group was 1568.8, and the total number of samples was 58, Tobserved is higher than Ttable. 3.977 > 2.004 at the level significance 0.05 for two tailed. The finding is if hypothesis stated that there is significant effect of using Realia as media learning on students’ achievement in writing descriptive paragraph is accepted.

THE EFFECT OF USING MUSIC VIDEOON THESTUDENTS’ ACHIEVEMENTIN WRITING NARRATIVE TEXT

This study is aimed at investigating the effect of Music Video on the students’ achievement in writing narrative text. The objective was to find outthe effect of Music video to improve students’ achievement in writing narrative text. This study was conducted by experimental research. The population of this study was the eleventh grade students’ of SMA Negeri7 Medan. Two classes from ten parallel classes was taken for the observation by cluster random sampling which divided into two groups, each group consisted of 35 students as control group and experimental group. The experimental group was taught by using Music Video meanwhile the control group was taught by lecturing method. The instrument for collecting data was writing test. In the calculation of Ttest, the mean of students’ score in experimental group was 7,02 and the mean of students’ score in control group was 3,22. Standard deviation of experimental group was 516,974, standard deviation of control group 242,174, and the total number of samples was 68, Tobserved is higher than Ttable. 5,093 > 1,994 at the level of significance 0,05 for two tailed. The finding is if hypothesis stated that there is significant effect of using Music Video as media learning on students’ writing achievement on writing Narrative text is accepted.