Deviation Of Power Spectrum Research Articles

Multiplexing modulation design optimization and quality evaluation of BDS-3 PPP service signal

The Precise Point Positioning (PPP) service of BeiDou-3 Navigation Satellite System (BDS-3) is implemented on its Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO) satellites. However, its signal design is limited by the actual power of satellite and other conditions. Furthermore, the design needs to fully consider the compatibility of different service phases. Starting from the actual state of the BDS-3 GEO satellite, this paper studies the multiplexing modulation of the BDS PPP service signal that is based on the Asymmetric Constant Envelope Binary Offset Carrier (ACE-BOC) technique and proposes several feasible schemes for this signal. Comparison and optimization of these techniques are made from the aspects of transmission efficiency, multiplexing efficiency, and service forward compatibility. Based on the Type-III ACE-BOC multiplexing modulation technique, phase rotation and intermodulation reconstruction techniques are proposed to suppress the intermodulation interference issue. Finally, a signal based on improved ACE-BOC multiplexing is designed. The quality of the proposed signal was continuously monitored and tested using large-diameter antennas. The evaluation results show that the power spectrum deviation of the signal is 0.228 dB, the correlation loss is 0.110 dB, the S-curve slope deviation is 1.558% on average, the average length difference between the positive/negative chip and the ideal chip is only 0.0006 ns, and the coherence between the carrier and the pseudo code is 0.082°. All quality indicators are satisfactory, indicating that the proposed signal multiplexing modulation technique is an ideal solution that meets all the requirements of the design constraints, and can achieve efficient information broadcasting and forward compatibility of the BDS PPP service.

Interacting quintessence and growth of structure

In standard cosmologies, dark energy interacts only gravitationally with dark matter. An extension to this picture is interacting quintessence (IQ) model, where scalar field coupled directly to cold dark matter. The percentage deviation is studied in IQ model wrt $\Lambda$CDM for varied values of interacting parameter W. We investigated the effect of interaction on matter, Kaiser and galaxy power spectrums. Deviation in power spectrum increases with interaction on both large and small scales. On small scale, variation is comparatively smaller than on large scale. On large scale, it is due to dark energy perturbation while it is background evolution that causes a difference on small scale. These variations decrease with increase in redshift. Herein thawing class of model with linear potential is studied.

Detecting Multi-Purpose Reservoir Operation Induced Time-Frequency Alteration Using Wavelet Transform

It is well recognized that natural flow variability is an inherent characteristic of rivers. Altered natural flow regime caused by anthropogenic regulations would threaten ecosystem biodiversity and deteriorate riverine health. Wavelet transform is a newly-developed tool that extracts dominant modes of variability by decomposing a non-stationary series into time-frequency space, which can be used to detect hydrologic alteration at various scales caused by reservoir operation. Continuous wavelet transform is simultaneously applied to recorded hourly inflow and outflow series of 1998–2008 for the Feitsui Reservoir located in northern Taiwan. Differences between wavelet power spectrum obtained for outflow and inflow series denote severity of hydrologic alteration. Greater spectral alteration is observed at less-than-1-day scales due to peak-load hydropower releases. The spectral alteration gradually declines with increasing scales. Different variation patterns for the yearly time-averaged spectral difference also reveal that the altered spectrum depends on hydrologic conditions. The index of spectral alteration (ISA), defined as the mean absolute deviations of power spectrum for all scales over a certain time period, is proposed to quantitatively assess severity of altered natural flow regime. ISA of 5 can be roughly recognized as the division of dry and non-dry years for the Feitsui Reservoir case. The obtained results offer decision makers useful information to adopt adaptive operating strategies to mitigate negative impacts of altered natural flow regime and derive optimal trade-off between human and environmental needs.