At the present stage of development of organic chemistry there are a lot of basic synthetic approaches to synthesis of 1,3,4-oksadiazole derivatives with a wide spectrum of biological activity. The heterocyclic systems which contain 1,3,4-oksadiazole nucleus have a rich synthetic history and they are characterized by a wide range of methods of synthesis. In the review for the first time have been systematized and summarized literature sources for the chemistry of heteryl derivatives of 2,5-disubstituted 1,3,4-oxadiazole as important synthetic substrates and precursors for the design of biologically active substances. There have been considered the main approaches to synthesis of this series of compounds, which consist in the intramolecular dehydration of 1,2-diacylhydrazine, in the interaction of hydrazides of heterylcarbonic acids with carbonyl dichloride, orthoethers, carbon (IV) sulfide and in the formation of an oxadiazole nucleus based on functional acylthiosemicarbazide and hydrazone. A significant emphasis is concentrated on the cyclodehydration reaction of N,N’-diacylhydrazide using dehydrating agents, which are a powerful tool for constructing their synthetically and biologically attractive derivatives.There have been analyzed in detail the methods for the preparation of acridone derivatives which contain the 1,3,4-oxadiazole fragment, have been delineated their preparative boundaries and has been revealed the biological potential. It is important to note that the processes of heteryl functionalization are new in the chemistry of 1,3,4-oxadiazole and they allow us to obtain new bioperspective hybrid structures. Analysis of literature data shows that the derivatives of 2,5-disubstituted 1,3,4-oxadiazole are considered as promising substances with antibacterial, fungicidal, anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic, antimalarial activity. The search for biologically active substances in this series of compounds is expedient and has practical and theoretical significance.