Development Of Clinical Psychology Research Articles

A supposedly objective thing I'll never use again: Word association and the quest for validity and reliability in emotional adjustment research from Carl Jung to Carl Rogers (1898-1927).

As the first two decades of the 20th century unfolded, clinical psychologists, who had until then been mainly associated with intelligence testing, attempted to implement a specific psychological method-Carl Gustav Jung's (1875-1961) word-association "test"-in individual personality assessments. As one of the early clinical psychologists who attempted to use the method, Carl Ransom Rogers (1902-1987) is conspicuously absent from the historiography of clinical psychological testing. In fact, historians have recently suggested that we are lacking narratives about Rogers' early ideas and techniques in the context of both the development of clinical psychology and the emergence of psychological testing as clinicians' foremost scholarly activity. In light of the above, this paper pursues two main goals. First, it attempts to reconstruct Rogers' first original research project on emotional adjustment testing in young children in the broader context of the development of word-association tests as carried out by Jung and Whately Smith (1892-1947). Second, it aims to reconstruct Rogers' earliest theoretical ideas as well as his epistemological assumptions regarding test objectivity, validity and reliability. By drawing on unpublished documents and heretofore overlooked primary sources I show that although Rogers initially drew from Jung and Smith's complex and refined tradition, he ultimately rejected it as well as the tests themselves. At first drawn to Smith's quantitative, empiricist and experimental philosophy of psychology, Rogers was deterred when the data gathered through his own research in 1927 suggested that word association tests had no real, effective clinical value when used in children. By showcasing the complex process of test construction and validation undertaken by 1920s clinical psychologists, Rogers' case illustrates the research practices, the methodological problems and the epistemological dilemmas faced by most if not all of his contemporaries.

Colonialism, gender and mental health in psychology: a view from Eastern Cuba

The present paper invites a critical reflection, from a decolonial perspective, on the importance of considering gender in the approach to mental health problems. From a methodological point of view, this critical position includes consideration of the hermeneutic condition of the intersection between gender, race and other social historical determinants. It also explores the development and the incorporation of a gender perspective as an expression of decolonial thought, in approaches to mental health in the Cuban context. The paper draws on the critique of colonial thought in relation to psychology and gender. It analyses the history and the development of these ideas from the academic experience developed in the East of Cuba, a place on the periphery, a context that is distant and distinct from Havana, which is often seen as the main scientific centre and point of reference. As such, this paper includes a critique of colonial power with respect to the geographical location of the profession of psychology. In this way, it contributes to the central objective of promoting awareness of decolonial thinking, with an emphasis principally on gender and as a way to favour the professional development of clinical psychology in all of Cuba.

Clinical Psychology in Lithuania: Current Developments in Training and Legislation.

This paper presents an overview of the current status in training and legislation of clinical psychology in Lithuania. Clinical psychology training at the university level in Lithuania started soon after the collapse of the Soviet Union in the 1990s and was influenced by the social context and historical-political situation in the country. Currently, legislation for clinical psychology in Lithuania is in progress, and several promising regulations for psychology in health care were introduced in the last decade. However, psychologists, including clinical psychologists, are not licensed in Lithuania. The lack of legislation for psychology is the main obstacle for the recognition and establishment of clinical psychology in the country. In health care, the title 'clinical psychologist' is not common; 'medical psychologist' is the title used instead to refer to both clinical psychologists and health psychologists. We conclude that while the development of clinical psychology in Lithuania is promising, there is still a long way to go to establish clinical psychology as an important profession in Lithuania.

PSYCHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF POST-TRAUMATIC PERSONALITY GROWTH

The article proves that there are more and more evidence to positive psychological changes that can be the result of one’s struggle with the consequences of stress and traumatic experiencing. The aim of our work is to show that post-traumatic stress and post-traumatic growth are possible to understand and to study within framework of integral psychosocial model. It is shown that within context of adaptation after the trauma, new approaches that arise up on the basis of positive psychology considerably differ from traditional accents on illness and abnormal psychology that mental health specialists often make. At first glance, historically young domain of positive psychology hardly can offer much interesting for those who study and work in the area of (post) traumatic stress. However, as we noticed earlier, it is necessary to make a new look at development of clinical psychology, in particular on that, how distribution of illness ideology separated research of post-traumatic stress from studies of post-traumatic growth instead of development of integral perspective for understanding of these forms of human experience within the limits of single model. Psychosocial model describes interaction between psychological and social factors for acceleration or improvement of cognitive-emotional processing. This model is psychosocial, because although the cognitive-emotional processing belongs to the area of internal psychological experience, its speed and depth however to a great extent are determined by socially-psychological factors. Important, that psychosocial model is based not on traditional medical understanding of illness and health, and consequently does not consider post-traumatic stress as separate result of trauma, analysing it instead as a natural process related to these factors. Essential features of post-traumatic stress are re-experiencing, avoidance, and arousal - examined within the framework of psychosocial model as experiencing of event cognitions: appraisal, coping and emotional states. Within the limits of this model the repeated experiencing, avoidance, and excitation are not examined as symptoms of pathology or disorder, but as markers of need of cognitive-emotional processing of the new trauma-related information. Moreover, these features are studied rather even as variables of a wide spectrum, but not only as dichotomic states that are either present or absent.

アイゼンクと臨床心理学研究の発展について( H.J.アイゼンク)

アイゼンクと臨床心理学研究の発展について( H.J.アイゼンク)

Poetiken des Traumas. Mit Analysen zu Ingeborg Bachmanns Malina, Monika Marons Stille Zeile Sechs und Terézia Moras Alle Tage by Annette Vieth

Reviews 263 history of German-language journalism in this period, of which Kisch is a significant representative. Such is the contextual detail provided, the chapters will likewise offer much to both military and cultural historians with an interest in Pola, a fascinating, liminal location with a long and rich history (it is mentioned in Dante’s Inferno, as Kisch himself notes). Historical photographs and maps are included in the sections dealing with the Austrian air force, submarine fleet and the Marinekasino in Pola. Robeck is able to probe the veracity of Kisch’s claimed experiences, crossreferencing the details he provides with the known historical data. And the readings of the texts themselves employ the methods of the literary historian effectively. Robeck unpicks Kisch’s narrative strategies, and his use of metaphor and cultural references, to provide convincing interpretations. She points, for example, to the use of the submarine exercise as a study in military psychology (a ‘Tauchgang [...] in die Seele des modernen Kriegers’ (p. 100)). She reads the superficially trivial, Feuilleton-like article about the ‘night life’ of Pola in symbolic terms, suggesting that the portrayal of the ‘in militärischer Konvention und beschämender Gleichgültigkeit erstarrte Offizierskorps in Pola’ (p. 128) feeds into a cynical reckoning with the doomed monarchy as a whole. This compact volume thus offers much, yet is also, arguably, incomplete, for it does not cover the other articles filed by Kisch from Pola in the same detail (there were six in total, all published in Bohemia). It is not without its formal peculiarities, which include the aforementioned lengthy ‘Exkursus’ in a smaller font, which surely could have been included in the main text, and a number of excessively lengthy, digressive footnotes. Despite these reservations this will certainly become essential reading for scholars of Kisch and there is plenty to recommend it. Jon Hughes Royal Holloway University of London Poetiken des Traumas. Mit Analysen zu Ingeborg Bachmanns Malina, Monika Marons Stille Zeile Sechs und Terézia Moras Alle Tage. By Annette Vieth. Interkulturelle Moderne, 8. Würzburg: Königshausen & Neumann, 2018. 563 pp. €49.80. ISBN 978–3-8260–6588–0. In recent years, trauma has become a key concept in cultural and literature studies. Combining individual with sociocultural history, trauma challenges literatureasnarrativemedium,questioningwhetherdeepemotionaldisturbance can be represented at all. Despite its popularity, the main influence on the philological discourse on trauma is still classical psychoanalysis, for example Sigmund Freud and Jacques Lacan. Annette Vieth’s study seeks to develop a literary point of view which is also aware of current developments in clinical psychology and argues that poetics of trauma are an underlying structural principle of a great variety of novels and hence paradigmatic for modern literature. Pursuing an interdisciplinary approach, Vieth discusses trauma in Ingeborg Bachmann’s Malina (1971), Monika Maron’s Stille Zeile Sechs (1991) Reviews 264 and Terézia Mora’s Alle Tage (2004). Her aim is to gain a broader understanding of trauma as literary topos, especially regarding narrative strategies used to speak about the ostensibly unspeakable, while providing new insights into the sociocultural function of literature. Poetiken des Traumas gives an extensive overview of the discourse on trauma as well as recent developments in psychology and psychoanalysis, covering aspects such as trauma and memory, trauma as result of sexual (child) abuse, individual versus collective trauma and gender implications of traumatic experience (pp. 54–96). In a second step, Vieth introduces literary reflections on trauma and language by Jean Améry, Imre Kertész and Ruth Klüger (pp. 96–126). Finding poststructuralist uses of the concept too vague and metaphorical, she orientates her understanding of trauma towards clinical definitions. Her methodological approach is hermeneutic and ‘empathiegeleitet[]’ (p. 112). The three main chapters each discuss one of the novels mentioned above. Since Vieth emphasizes the importance of the authors’ biographies for understanding their literary takes on trauma, these chapters offer extensive information on their lives as well as the literary and sociocultural contexts for their works. Her choice of texts by Bachmann, Maron and Mora enables Vieth to cover three main sources of both collective and individual trauma in the twentieth century (at least from a European point of view): the...

Between Science and Supernaturalism: Mimesis and the Uncanny in Nineteenth-Century Theatre and Culture

Curiously placed between the realms of science and supernaturalism, the phenomenon of the uncanny double has a distinctive presence in both. Another kind of duality is at issue in the imagined presence of the doppelganger, as a figure in both physical and mental life. While the phenomenon of the Brocken spectre is one of the era’s most resonant manifestations of an uncanny mirroring of the body, later nineteenth-century developments in clinical psychology began to focus on the sense of an alien presence residing in unknown reaches of the human brain. As they did so, these clinical experiments involved an engagement with the interweave of mental and physiological expression. In Nicholas Royle’s words, the uncanny is associated with ‘a flickering sense (but not conviction) of something supernatural’. Somewhere between the conviction afforded by cognitive processes and the flickering sense intimated by the live wiring of the nervous system, new dimensions of reading and interpretation were opened up. My concern here is to explore how the overlay of scientific and supernaturalist frames is managed in some of the more influential literary and dramatic portrayals of uncanny mimesis. These include evocations of the doppelganger in works by Thomas De Quincey, James Hogg, and Walter Scott, and in Henry Irving’s theatrical productions. Irving’s interest in the double consciousness of the actor is discussed in relation to psychological theories of dual consciousness, and their exploration in clinical practice with patients diagnosed as hysteric.

Is Executive Hubris Manifested in CEO Letters to Shareholders?

We examine the extent and evolution of Hubris in a bank CEO, through textual analysis of the CEO letter to the Shareholders. Drawing on new developments in clinical psychology we surface evidence of overconfidence, narcissism and hubris over the 2000-2008 period.

The wonder of computers: A threat to health and clinical psychology

There are problems with computer usage and the implementation of the electronic health record in the NHS. These issues can be split between inefficiency and risk generating factors, presenting a threat to both health and the development of clinical psychology.

Transdiagnóstico: Nueva frontera en psicología clínica = Transdiagnostic: A New frontier in clinical psychology

Recently, transdiagnostic has received considerable interest from psychopathology and cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT), especially with regard to anxiety and depressive disorders. This article provides a review on transdiagnostic as a new perspective in the field of clinical psychology. The conceptual psychopathological fundamentals and their implications for research and clinical interventions are described. Based on concepts emerging from cognitive, emotional and learning data, we identified the main transdiagnostic factors, processes and/or mechanisms across emotional and other mental disorders, which provide a framework for implementing the basic therapeutic principles of transdiagnostic CBT. The article concludes highlighting the theoretical and applied relevance of the transdiagnostic approach and its potential contribution to developments in clinical psychology.

The development of clinical psychology in Trinidad and Tobago

This paper looks at mental heath services in Trinidad and explores the development and impact of a recently established training course in clinical psychology on local services.

Development of Clinical Psychology and Mental Health Resources in Vietnam

In this paper, we discuss development of the Vietnam National University graduate Clinical Psychology Program, which has the goal of training both Vietnamese researchers who will develop and evaluate culturally appropriate mental health treatments, as well as Vietnamese clinicians who will implement and help disseminate these evidence-based treatments. We first review the background situation in Vietnam regarding mental health, and its infrastructure and training needs, and discuss the process through which the decision was made to develop a graduate program in clinical psychology as the best approach to address these needs. We then review the development process for the program and its current status, and our focus on the schools as a site for service provision and mental health task shifting. Finally, we outline future goals and plans for the program, and discuss the various challenges that the program has faced and our attempts to resolve them.

Current development of counseling and psychological services in Japan

This article provides a brief history and overview of the development of clinical psychology and counseling psychology in Japan and describes the current development of counseling and psychological services in Japan. Clinical psychologists are the largest group of mental health professionals providing counseling and psychological services along with, to a lesser degree, counseling psychologists. The major focus of this article is on clinical psychology and how clinical psychologists provide counseling and psychological services in Japan.

Assessment in Clinical Psychology: A Perspective on the Past, Present Challenges, and Future Prospects.

Assessment emerged during the early twentieth century with the development of tests for assessing characteristics such as intelligence, personality, and suitability for employment. The long, interwoven relationship between clinical psychology and assessment began to change during the 1970s when many clinical psychologists became more involved in behavioral therapy and moved away from psychological testing and with the expanding role of managed care in the mental health services. Clinical assessment broadened into forensic, medical, and personnel applications with psychologists expanding professional roles. The status of assessment was reviewed and some challenges were highlighted. The potential for assessment to contribute to the understanding of mental health problems through collaborative cross-cultural study of psychopathology was suggested with the growing development of clinical psychology internationally.

Introduction to the special issue on international clinical psychology.

We briefly describe the content of the six research articles selected by peer review for this, the first special issue of the Journal of Clinical Psychology devoted to international clinical psychology. Two of the articles address general scientific issues-illusory mental health and a theory of anorexia nervosa-not considered specific to any particular cultural setting. One article examines social anxiety in three different Western societies. One considers the development of clinical psychology in a specific country, Spain. The final two articles consider two clinical problems-sexual dysfunction and Type-I diabetes-within two different contexts in India, one Hindu, the other Moslem. The introduction concludes with some general comments on the history and present status of clinical psychology as an international field.

Clinical Psychology and Evolutionary Psychology: Toward a Dialogue

The growth of evolutionary psychology as a theoretical framework for the study of human behavior has been spectacular. However, evolutionary psychology has been largely ignored by clinical psychology. This article is an attempt to encourage greater dialogue between the two. First, some of the major principles of evolutionary psychology are outlined, followed by consideration of some of the criticisms that have been made of this approach. Second, an attempt is made to trace the influence of evolutionary theory on the history and development of clinical psychology. Third, the authors describe how an evolutionary perspective has enhanced the understanding and study of autism and depression. Finally, some implications of an evolutionary perspective for etiological theory, assessment, treatment, and ethics are discussed.

A portrait of clinical psychology

The purpose of this paper is to provide an introduction to the profession of clinical psychology. We provide a definition and overview of the core features of the profession, followed by a description of entry requirements and education. We go on to describe the dominant models which have driven the training and practice of clinical psychologists through the latter half of the 20th century to the present day. We conclude with a look to the future of the profession and a brief consideration of opportunities and threats. Throughout we have attempted to pick out aspects of the profession that are relevant or of interest, irrespective of national differences in professional training and practice, or variations in the development of clinical psychology in particular nation states. When generalisations would be too broad to be useful or are otherwise difficult, we have provided specific information about the profession as it has developed in the UK or USA. The references should provide a rich source of further information for the interested reader.

Reflections on clinical significance: What do our best treatments accomplish and how can we best find out?

Recent developments in clinical psychology have involved important advances in the treatments available for childhood disorders. Sheldrick et al. evaluated selected treatments for childhood behavior problems, skillfully demonstrating the application of two statistical procedures for estimating clinical significance. Statistics to estimate clinical effects using traditional dependent measures is an certainly important step toward estimating the gains that such treatments can accomplish, and such estimation of clinical effects should arguably become a routine part of the treatment outcome literature. However, the consideration of a variety of additional indices as a complement to the statistical estimation of clinical significance may ultimately be necessary to determine the true utility of treatments. Many such indices were originally outlined by the APA Task Force on Psychological Intervention Guidelines and are reviewed here in the context of evaluating best treatments.

Clinical Psychology in India

Scientific Psychology in India has seen steady development since its inception in the early 1900s. With clinical psychology developing as an independent profession, clinical psychologists have been functioning in various roles, offering a wide range of services in consultation, training, research, and private practice on multidisciplinary teams as well as in independent practice. This paper focuses on the historical roots of clinical psychology in India and highlights the role of clinical psychologists in the general mental health care and the contributions made by the profession in a wide range of public and private health care settings. Ancient Indian systems of Medicine, mental health care and psychotherapy in India, and training-related and organizational issues are discussed. This paper reflects on the growth and development of clinical psychology that has occurred in India in spite of current difficulties and the challenges that lie ahead.

El psicólogo del siglo XXI y los trastornos por déficit de atención

This work analyzes the role that today's pscyhologist plays in relation to attention-deficit disorder with hyperactivity. Emphasis is placed on the need for specialization due both to the complex characteristics of the disorder and the development of clinical psychology. A- multidisciplinary approach is proposed. Among the specific duties of the psychologist is a well-based differential diagnosis, based on commonly accepted criteria. Reference is made to the currently most used diagnostic instruments. The article ends reviewing some of the present and future trends in the study and treatment of this disorder.