Agricultural Technology Development Research Articles

The Properties of Liquefiable Soil with Swedish Weight Sounding Test in BPTB (Agricultural Technology Research and Development Center) Office, Central Sulawesi

An earthquake measuring 7.4 MW in Central Sulawesi on 28th of September 2018, triggered liquefaction in several locations, one of them namely the BPTP office in Sigi district. The liquefaction that occurs causes massive sand boiling around the building, and a settlement in the foundation. This study aims to determine and compare the properties of land affected and not affected by liquefaction based on the Swedish weight sounding test, as well as the potential for liquefaction at the BPTP office location. The study consisted of 2 testing methods, namely field testing was carried out using the Swedish weight sounding test equipment at 3 points on the affected soil and 3 points on the unaffected soil, and laboratory testing including sieve analysis testing and Atterberg limits for 18 soil samples. The results showed that the Nsw value on the affected soil is in the range 4.00 n/m - 238.10 n/m, the Nsw value on the unaffected soil is in the range 26.00 n/m - 303.03 n/m, and groundwater level data obtained from the JICA Survey for Disaster Information Collection in Indonesia 2020 is at a depth of 5.31 meters below ground surface. The first section in your paper

Perancangan Prediksi Produksi Teh Menggunakan Metode Fuzzy Tsukamoto Berbasis Web

Nowadays, technology is also widely applied in various fields with various needs. Innovations will continue to be developed to create even more efficient technologies for various fields. Based on data from. Various sectors, such as education, business, tourism, to the agricultural sector, widely use websites. There are various implementations or applications of technological developments in agriculture, one of which is the application of calculating an agricultural product—tea production in Kaligua in 2018 experienced ups and downs due to less stable weather conditions. Calculations in determining an agricultural product can use several calculation methods, one of which is the Tsukamoto fuzzy method. Tsukamoto's fuzzy method is an extension of monotone reasoning. In Tsukamoto's method, every consequence has a rule in the form of IF-THEN that must be represented in a fuzzy set with a monotone arrangement function. So this requires a system that can produce predictions in tea production in Kaligua tea plantations to meet market needs. The solution offered is a production prediction system in Kaligua plantations using the Tsukamoto fuzzy method. The prediction results obtained in this study were a 36% increase in tea sales production.

The Government's Role in Increasing Millennial Farmers through Technology

Technological progress cannot be separated from people's lives. Advances in technology cause major changes in human life with all its culture. The agricultural sector plays a very important role in the economy in Indonesia. Many Indonesian people work in agriculture and farmers should be able to push themselves to be able to develop agricultural products. By making agriculture a sector of the economy, it should be followed by technological developments in agriculture. The purpose of this research is to improve information technology in the agricultural sector so that farmers can collaborate with millennial farmers. This study uses a descriptive method with a qualitative approach and analyzes the results based on the literature study. The presence of millennial farmers will develop innovation, especially in employment regardless of age from young to old. The agricultural sector in Indonesia can be expected to adapt itself in the fields of technology and information so that the existence of millennial farmers will become a driving force in the future and the influence of technology on Millennial Farmers has a positive influence and can produce good quality. thus, people become creative with ideas that are initiated and realized with the tools that are in the masses now.

The Effects of Agricultural Technology Progress on Agricultural Carbon Emission and Carbon Sink in China

The development mode of expanding agricultural scale will inevitably lead to an increase in agricultural carbon emissions but the impacts of agricultural technology progress on agricultural carbon emission and carbon sink are still not quite clear. This paper firstly discuss the definition of agricultural technology level. Then the estimating methods of agricultural technology, agricultural carbon emission and carbon sink are introduced. Based on the China’s provincial panel data with 31 province from 2000 to 2019, the indicators are calculated and statistically analysed. After that, the representativeness of the three secondary classifications of the agricultural technology is empirically checked. Panel data regression models especially the fixed effect model is employed to estimate the effects of agricultural technology level as well as its components on agricultural carbon emission and carbon sink. Results show that the agricultural carbon sink is approximately 10 times higher than agricultural carbon emission. Agricultural technology level in general has significant effect on the carbon emission rather than the carbon sink. Our suggestion is that (1) it is not necessary to worry about the agricultural carbon emission since the net effect of agriculture is carbon neutrality; (2) the development of agricultural production technology and agricultural management technology needs strong support, and the two need to develop coordinated.

Practice and Development of Agricultural Seed Management Technology in the Hilly Areas of Eastern Nepal

The use of new technologies in agricultural sector is the contemporary global concern issue. This study attempts to explore about the practice and development of seed management technology in the eastern hilly areas of Nepal including the analysis of major reasons and accociated problems. Moreover, it also seeks the perception of farmers towards this technology. In addition, the study applied household questionnaire survey, key informant survey and focus group discussion with local farmers in to collect relevant information. The household survey conducted in 20 percent (190hss) in total (601hhs) of the study area ranging from 250 to 1500 masl along the Koshi-highway.The relevant published and unpublished documents: previous research journals, books, dissertations and official records were also reviewed as secondary sources of information for this paper.
 This paper has showed that the technology is well known for the protection and promotion of both crops and vegetables farming in the study area. More than 78 percent (150hhs) farmers are using this as a useful and profitable technique. Despite various problems, the practice of this technology is gradually increasing in this area and the maximum practice is concentrated with vegetable farming. Although it was introduced through the inspiration of local research centers at first time, the role of neighbours, friends and television programs seems to be significant respectively in its development and expansion in the study area. This technology is the choice of the farmers and the majority of the farmers are in fovor of the development and expansion of the technology.

A Perspective Review on Green Nanotechnology in Agro-Ecosystems: Opportunities for Sustainable Agricultural Practices & Environmental Remediation

The modern agricultural system is facing the unprecedented task of contriving the extensive demand for agrarian production owing to population explosion and global climate change. The employment of Nanotechnology in agriculture has gained immense interest in recent times for the development of sustainable agricultural technologies and environmental remediation strategies. Nanotechnology pertains to the employment of nanoparticles and furnishes the potential to fabricate novel materials and products possessing improved quality. The nanomaterials may be used as; nanosensors, nanocides, nanofertilizers, nanobarcodes, and nano-remediators, which play a significant role in modern agricultural practices. However, the physical and chemical processes of nanoparticle production is neither economical nor environmentally sustainable. Therefore, the need for green or biogenic nanoparticles obtained from plants, bacteria, fungi or their metabolites has emerged as novel, sustainable, economical, biocompatible, and eco-friendly technology. In this perspective, the production and sources of biogenic nanoparticles and their implication in agro-ecosystems for crop productivity, soil health management, biocontrol, and environmental remediation have been focused on in this review. The potential development and implementation challenges are also explored.

From De-collectivization to Re-collectivization: New Transformation Trend in Agriculture Production in Taicang City of the Eastern China from the Perspective of 'Governmentality'.

The continuous development of agricultural technologies and produces trade and updated state reforms strongly shape the dominant organizing styles of local agriculture production. Since the end of the 1970s, rural China has witnessed a drastic agriculture transformation featured by de-collectivization, and recently in Taicang, a developed city in the eastern China, a kind of new cooperative farms have replaced the smallholders by pooling households' contracted farmland, signaling a new shift tendency towards agriculture recollectivization that is distinctive compared to other countries. Given the state governance's leadership in promoting this latest transformation, drawing on the theoretical concept of 'governmentality' that is powerful in understanding how to govern the society to meet certain objectives, this paper examines the accurate processes of agriculture re-collectivization in Taicang City based on the methods of semi-structured interview and participant observation. Our research shows that the China's tax-sharing and relevant reforms in the 1990s framed a new governance structure in line with the new mode of 'governmentality' closely linked to 'advanced liberalism', creating the responsibility shift from central to local governments and a set of evaluation technologies, and guiding various actors to engage in the agriculture re-collectivization practice in Taicang. Importantly, the considerable subsidies and the impressive extension services in terms of farming personnel training and agricultural techniques diffusion underpin the normal running of cooperative farms and contribute to the local implementation of national strategy of agriculture modernization. We argue that the combination of distinctive institutional arrangement of rural land owned by village collectives in China and the burgeoning local economy allows the developed areas to re-collectivizing the agriculture production for ensuring grain self-sufficiency rather than capturing more share in global agriculture products trade, and that the cooperative farms in our case have been deeply integrated into the 'modern procurement system' and become more sensitive to market fluctuation, requiring rural extension service to transform towards farms' capacity building for maintaining the long-term development momentum.

A review of core agricultural robot technologies for crop productions

It has become a common understanding that robotization could be one of effective solutions to address the increasing skilled labor shortage challenge in crop production, thus the research and development of agricultural robotic technologies has become a popular topic in recent years, with numerous innovative new technologies, methodologies and applications being published at various resources. This article intends to provide a systematic overview of the recent achievements on core agricultural robotic technologies for crop productions, mainly on three aspects of (1) mobile platforms and in-field navigation technologies; (2) actuation mechanisms and end-effector technologies; and (3) target detection and operation planning technologies. This article also briefly introduces a few recent reported successes in developing robotic solutions for various field operations, such as transplanting, weeding, harvesting, and pruning, as evidences of promising.

Regional Assessment at the Province Level of Agricultural Science and Technology Development in China

Science and technology innovation are crucial components underpinning agriculture. We constructed an evaluation framework including 4 pillars and 21 indicators, taking 31 provinces in China as examples to examine the level of agriculture science and technology development from a regional perspective. We found that there is an obvious gap between east and west nationwide, and that only about half of the provinces have reached the high and medium levels. It was worth noting that the innovation conditions in Shanghai and Beijing presented huge advantages, of vital importance to a first-class talent team, a complete innovation system, a stable and prosperous market, and active exchanges and cooperation. In addition, to maximize the transformation of agricultural science and technology achievements into real productivity, local government should also strengthen the construction of agricultural research and innovation platforms, technology transfer, and transformation of results. The findings advance understanding of the strengths and weaknesses of the evaluation subjects’ agricultural science and technology development from a regional perspective and are expected to provide some basis for the government and stakeholders to make relevant decisions.

Empirical evaluation of ethical practices and digitalization of agricultural system with the mediation of user behavior: A case study of Pakistan

Pakistan is one developing country and 70% of the population is depending on Agriculture and faces a lack of innovation in the agriculture sector overall. the main objectives of our study were to i) identify ethical practices (knowledge-sharing, trustworthiness in loan providing, loyalty in professionalism, responsibility of actions, and accountability) of the agriculture departments and institutions or government towards improving digital technology in the agriculture sector. ii) Quantify the user behavior in the digitalization of the agricultural system. iii) Identify the intervening role of user behavior in the relation to ethical practices and agricultural technology development. The study examined 490 users of farming technologies who work in the agriculture sector in two provinces of Pakistan. Using the Baron and Kenny framework, this research confirmed the prediction that user behavior mediated the relationship between ethical practices and agricultural technology in a four-step process. The main outcomes of the study have revealed a positive and significant impact of ethical practices on the development of the digitalization of the agricultural system. Specifically, the study indicated that “user behavior” significantly mediates the association between ethical practices and agricultural technology development. Furthermore, this study proposes that it is essential for Pakistan’s agriculture sector to nurture circumstances dedicated to better practices as it will not only attract more residents to agricultural growth but also help the agriculture sector achieve its eventual goal of increased productivity. Implications of this research study are deliberated and provide directions for future research in the area.

Data management challenges for artificial intelligence in plant and agricultural research.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is increasingly used within plant science, yet it is far from being routinely and effectively implemented in this domain. Particularly relevant to the development of novel food and agricultural technologies is the development of validated, meaningful and usable ways to integrate, compare and visualise large, multi-dimensional datasets from different sources and scientific approaches. After a brief summary of the reasons for the interest in data science and AI within plant science, the paper identifies and discusses eight key challenges in data management that must be addressed to further unlock the potential of AI in crop and agronomic research, and particularly the application of Machine Learning (AI) which holds much promise for this domain.

Организация системы стратегического планирования развития аграрного сектора региона: методологические аспекты

The paper considers the methodological aspects of organizing a strategic planning system for the development of the agricultural sector. The actualization of issues of organizing a strategic planning system for the agricultural sector is caused by the fact that the strategic planning system has a well-developed regulatory basis at the federal level, while there is no unified system of documents for strategic planning of industry development at the regional level. Currently, the strategic planning system does not have strategic documents related to the spatial development of regions, their agrofood complex, rural areas, and technical and technological development of agriculture. The purpose of the study is to develop methodological approaches to organizing a system of strategic planning for the development of the agricultural sector in the region. The paper analyzes a set of documents of the strategic planning system of the agricultural sector at the federal level, which is based on strategies and concepts, forecasts, and programs. The author proposes a system of documents for strategic development planning in relation to the agricultural sector of the region. The paper presents a comprehensive methodological approach to organizing a system of strategic planning for the development of the regional agricultural sector, which involves distinguishing the following main stages: strategic analysis; substantiation of the goals and objectives of spatial and sectorial development of the agricultural sector and their formalization; justification of priority sectors of agricultural production; forecasting the volume of agricultural production and agricultural sector resourcing; assessing the level of food self-sufficiency in the region and forecasting the development of the regional agrofood market. The author paid particular attention to design methods of the strategic planning system at the regional level. The procedure for selecting projects ensuring the implementation of agricultural development programs is justified. The paper proposes a procedure for selecting projects developed at the level of business entities and selected for financing based on a comprehensive assessment of their effectiveness. A comprehensive assessment of the projects’ effectiveness involves the use of criteria reflecting their budgetary, commercial and social effectiveness.

Effects of flight parameters for plant protection UAV on droplets deposition rate based on a 3D simulation approach

With the development of aviation agricultural technology, the number of farmers adopting the use of drones in daily agricultural activities is growing rapidly in recent decades. Among these, a large portion constitutes agricultural drones being used in pest control and crop protection practices, e.g. agriculture spraying of pesticides. Spraying pesticides with drones have proven to be faster than other traditional methods. On the downside, flight time and range of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) are often limited. Thus, a proper arrangement of flight height and velocity will greatly improve spraying efficiency. A new strategy to optimize the flight parameters, i.e. flight height and flight velocity, for fixed-wing UAV with a 3D simulation-based approach together with an automatic optimization algorithm was proposed in this study. To find the optimal parameters for a UAV to fly and spray under certain environmental conditions, a three-dimensional model of the target crop was established first, followed by a detailed simulation of droplet spraying. As a demonstration case, a grass model was developed and used as the target plant, and a physics-based method was used to simulate realistically the movement of the droplets in the air as well as the interaction between the droplets and the plant to obtain the droplet deposition rate under the specified operating parameters. Furthermore, the standard Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm was used to optimize the UAV operating parameters to obtain the best operating parameters. The results indicate that using the standard PSO algorithm to optimize the operating parameters of the drone could significantly improve the deposition rate and find the best operating parameters. Keywords: unmanned aerial vehicle, droplet deposition, 3D simulation, particle swarm optimization algorithm DOI: 10.25165/j.ijabe.20231601.6581 Citation: Xu L F, Yang Z Z, Huang Z S, Ding W L, Buck-Sorlin G. Effects of flight parameters for plant protection UAV on droplets deposition rate based on a 3D simulation approach. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2023; 16(1): 66–72.

ANALYSIS OF PROFITABILITY AND CUCUMBER PRODUCTIVITY AMONG SMALLHOLDER FARMERS

In the tropics, cucumber is a popular vegetable to grow; and as such it becomes imperative to evaluate the levels of farm productivity, given that agricultural productivity has a linear relationship with overall farm profitability. Therefore, this study analyzed profitability and cucumber productivity among smallholders in Jos-South, Plateau State, Nigeria. For this study, 115 respondents were selected using a multistage sampling method. Collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, farm budgeting and total factor productivity techniques. The estimated gross and net farm incomes were respectively ₦204,000 and ₦95,200 per hectare; indicating a venture that has the potential to improve economic prospects and is relatively profitable. Additionally, the benefit-cost ratio and profit margin were estimated to be 0.88 and 46.7%, respectively. In addition, the majority of cucumber farmers (51.3%), whose TFP indices were below the optimal scale, were producing sub-optimally; due to an inefficient mix of inputs and the high cost of factors of production. Further, the following were barriers to cucumber production in the area under study: inadequate capital (93.9%); inadequate input supply (78.2%); labour cost (75.7%); limited access to microcredit (70.6%); lack of improved technology (67.8%); limited extension contact (53.9%); fragmented farm holdings (50.4%); and pest and disease outbreaks (43.5%). Therefore, this study recommends improved access to agricultural credit and farm capital; improved cooperative activities, input supply and subsidies, policy modifications, development and adoption of agricultural production technology, improved extension service delivery and farmer sensitization.

Agricultural Science and Technology in the Context of Rural Revitalization + Only “Rice” Cloud Business to Help Upgrade the Rice Industry

Most of the hardworking and simple farmers living in rural areas take the primary processed cash crop products as the main economic source, but due to the narrow marketing channels and insufficient radiation area in rural areas, the annual cash crops produced through primary processing cannot reach the established economic benefits in terms of price and sales volume, and the economic support role of cash crops cannot be fully effective. In view of this situation, relying on the background of rural revitalization and the country’s support for the development of agricultural science and technology, the platform named only “rice” cloud business is put into practice from the theory, providing a key platform guarantee for the increase of cash crops’ income and efficiency, providing a necessary basis for expanding the sales channels of rice crops, so that good crops can be directly transferred to customers through farmers’ hands. It provides practical methods to reduce the maliciously depressed prices of bad suppliers, and effectively guarantees the interests of farmers.

ENVIRONMENTAL AND SPATIAL ASPECTS OF POLLUTION OF THE TERRITORY OF TERNOPIL REGION WITH MICROPLASTIC MASSES

Introduction. The article addresses the critical issue of environmental pollution caused by the plastic waste. This problem has drawn the attention of researchers due to the vast physical volumes of plastic waste, their unique behavior in the environment, and their adverse impact on human health. The disposal of plastic waste has become a matter of great concern, and the destructive effects of external environmental factors cause the breakdown of polymers into microparticles, leading to microplastic pollution. This form of pollution is a significant environmental issue due to its uncertain nature, and a substantial portion of plastic waste remains in the environment, becoming invisible. This lack of microplastic pollution visual comprehension often diverts attention from this issue. Currently, the problem of pollution by microplastic masses is mainly considered globally. Therefore, it is crucial to shift our attention toward the dangers of microplastic contamination at the local and mesoregional levels. In this paper, the environmental and spatial aspects of microplastic pollution in the Ternopil region were examined, focusing on the peculiarities of their formation and distribution in the area. The purpose of the article is to study the spatial aspects of the formation, distribution and accumulation of microplastic masses at the regional level. Research methods. The methods of analysis and synthesis, systematic generalization, creation of geographical maps were used in the preparation of the scientific publication. The results. Identified and analyzed various sources of microplastic pollution in the Ternopil region, including point, areal, dispersed, and linear sources, and the processes of formation and migration of microplastics within the region along with sectoral features of environmental pollution in the region caused by microplastics. Revealed peculiarities of the formation of this type of pollution as a consequence of the high level of agricultural development of the region, development of the logistics, influence of urbanization processes, and the development of the management and waste management system. Considered the role of microplastics in transportation at the regional and interregional levels of environmentally hazardous chemicals and their accumulation in ecosystems. In the Ternopil region, soil pollution with subsequent degradation of microbiomes of soil ecosystems, as well as destruction of water ecosystems, is particularly significant. All this is a direct result of the rapid development of agricultural technologies for growing agricultural crops. A significant role in spatial assessments of territory pollution is played by the transport factor, primarily the development of road transport.

Planting Structure Adjustment and Layout Optimization of Feed Grain and Food Grain in China Based on Productive Potentials

Increasing feed grain supply, particularly domestic supply, is intended to guarantee feed grain security and, as a result, food security. Based on the Global Agro-Ecological Zones (GAEZ) model, the potential yield and actual yield of feed and food grain in China were estimated. According to the theory of factor endowment, the yield potential development coefficient and the yield efficiency advantage index were then constructed to determine whether the current spatial layout of feed grain is reasonable and how it could be adjusted. The results showed that: (1) There was an imbalance in feed crops production: yield loss in high-potential regions and excessive development in low-potential regions. The imbalances lead to a mismatch between feed production and resource endowment which causes productivity losses and ecological risks. (2) There was considerable potential for increasing the feed grain yield on the Northeast China Plain, the Loess Plateau and in the northern arid and semiarid region. The soybean yield can be increased by about 25%, and the maize yield can be increased by even more. (3) The feed grain should be planted in regions with sufficient potential yield but insufficient actual yield; 26.42% of China’s soybeans and 34.74% of its maize were planted in these regions. (4) Some 16.69% and 15.65% of wheat and rice planting areas could be adjusted to soybeans, respectively; 20.76% and 21.04% of wheat and rice planting areas could be adjusted to maize, respectively. Through agricultural technology research and development, infrastructure support, comprehensive planning design and policy design, the yield potentials of feed grain can be realized. This will redress the imbalance wherein a food grain surplus and a feed grain shortage coexist.

Modeling of green agricultural environment and rape hyperspectral analysis based on machine learning algorithm

In recent years, China's agricultural Internet of Things technology has attracted great attention. Document No. 1 emphasizes that we will make every effort to use Internet of Things technology, big data, mobile Internet, cloud computing technology, etc. to promote the progress of "Internet + " modern agriculture. Government departments have taken the lead in accelerating the development of agricultural and animal husbandry technology, improving the infrastructure construction of the agricultural industry chain and upgrading the management decision-making management system, building a comprehensive logistics information management service platform, ensuring effective production scheduling in the agricultural and animal husbandry sales market, and improving the construction Agriculture and animal husbandry industry chain. WSN-based has many advantages over traditional solutions, such as long-term monitoring, accuracy, scalability, easy deployment, and low cost, making wireless sensors widely used in the environment and agriculture. Therefore, in the agricultural Internet of Things, a variety of sensor connection points can be arranged around the crops to form system software and a comprehensive monitoring website, which can help farmers deal with problems in a timely manner and propose corresponding solutions to this. Form an integrated production model based on the agricultural Internet of Things system that generates intelligent decisions.

PATENT PROTECTION FOR AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGICAL PRODUCTS AS AN EFFORT FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF INDONESIAN AGRICULTURE

Patents are an important instrument in protecting innovation activities in the modern economy, especially in agriculture. Its systems foster increased innovation indirectly, by increasing the profit that can potentially be obtained from commercializing new technology. Seeing the development of agricultural technology that is growing rapidly, patent protection for agricultural equipment is very crucial. Therefore, this paper will examine and explain the impact of applying Article 20 of the Indonesian Patent Law, especially regarding the implementation of Patents in agriculture. This research is a type of library research that is juridical normative using the statute approach method. It is expected that this research able to contribute to the field of law, especially those related to Property Rights, especially regarding the study of issues related to the issue of patent ownership in agriculture.

JURIDICAL REVIEW SUSTAINABLE FOOD AGRICULTURAL LAND PROTECTION

The purpose of this research is to analyze the occurrence of land conversion which is increasing from year to year from agricultural land to non-agricultural land. The research uses a normative juridical method which is carried out by examining literature studies and sources of this research using primary legal sources. The problem in this research is to analyze the policy of sustainable food agriculture land protection, the weaknesses of the policy and provide recommendations to improve these weaknesses. In Law No. 41 of 2009 article 28 discusses the development of agricultural technology that has not been evenly distributed and has not been kept up with the times. Education in agriculture is also still not in accordance with article 63. This land conversion occurs because there are fewer people who work as farmers and the lack of policies that support people to work as farmers. The area of ​​non-paddy agricultural land in 2019 was around 29,353,138 hectares and the area of ​​rice fields in 2019 was around 7,463,948 hectares. Indonesia should focus more on agriculture to overcome this land conversion.