Developmental Tasks Of Adolescence Research Articles

Narrative Matters: Ursula Le Guin's writings and adolescence.

Ursula K. Le Guin (1929-2018) was an influential American writer who was a leading literary figure of the 20th century. She is known for her contributions to the science fiction and fantasy genres. She wrote numerous novels, short stories, poems, and essays throughout her career, exploring various themes and pushing the boundaries of speculative fiction. In this article, I discuss Le Guin's writings on the developmental tasks of adolescence. In Le Guin's fiction, she examines how different social and cultural contexts determine patterns of maturation and the acquisition of the roles and responsibilities of adulthood. This article focuses on two novels, A Wizard of Earthsea from the Books of Earthsea (Le Guin, 2018), and Coming of Age in Karhide (Le Guin, 2017).

Classrooms as Healing Spaces: Decolonizing Conceptual Frameworks of Black Girls in K-12 School Settings

ABSTRACT There is substantive research that examines the punitive and harsh disciplinary practices in K-12 schools and the disproportionate effects on students of Color. While race has been central to this critical discourse; gender has remained secondary. Although both Black girls and boys face unique challenges in their K-12 academic environments, there is a growing body of evidence suggesting gender, in addition to race, impacts educational and psychological development. More specifically, for many Black girls, education is presented as the key to better opportunities with liberative power. Interestingly, few curricula taught in K-12 schools are designed with consideration of Black girls, who must contend with the typical adolescent developmental tasks within the context of a society that often devalues them. This conceptual article proposes a paradigm shift, which centers strengths and healthy development of Black girls in a time of heightened racial stress. A review of empirical research on punitive environmental norms of schools and the disproportionate effects on Black girls is presented. A conceptual framework is provided to help guide K-12 educators in addressing the mental health needs of Black girls. The framework proposes an anti-racist, culturally informed approach rooted in social justice initiatives to identify strengths and skills for promoting healthy and adaptive pathways for K-12 education for Black girls. The article illuminates the importance of decriminalizing Black girls and promoting an anti-racist paradigm to contextualize their educational and mental health needs. The article concludes with strategies that seek to intentionally create healing spaces in school settings for Black girls to fully explore their identities toward a healthy development.

Peran Dukungan Sosial terhadap Career Search Efficacy dengan Moderator Future Work Self pada Mahasiswa di Kota Bandung

One of the developmental tasks in adolescence and early adulthood is finding the right career direction. Finding a career that matches your interests and ways to actualize yourself, becomes something that needs to be explored and start in adolescence. Students also cannot be separated from the exploration process to find a career that is in line with their interests and abilities. This career exploration process is lead to career search efficacy. In addition, the student's representation of himself in the future that reflects his expectations and aspirations related to work becomes very important to have. This research wants to see the role of social support, especially from parents and peers towards career search efficacy with the moderator of future work self-students. The population of this study is students in the city of Bandung. Data analysis techniques using linear regression between social support variables and career search efficacy, with future work self variables as moderators. The results showed that parental social support and peer social support simultaneously did not contribute to the variable career self-efficacy. Partial parental social support showed no contribution to predicting career self-efficacy. Similar results also occurred in peer social support that did not significantly contribute to predicting career self-efficacy. The future work self variable does not moderate the influence between parental social support and career self-efficacy. On the other hand, the future work self variable can moderate the influence between peer social support on career self-efficacy.

Adolescent siblings of children with cancer: Resource-based profiles, normalization, and search for meaning in life.

Adolescent siblings of children with cancer jointly face the experience of having a brother or sister with cancer and being in the developmental period of adolescence themselves. Based on Hobfoll's conservation of resources theory, we aimed to identify profiles based on two distinct resources: sense of hope (personal resource) and perceived social support (social resource). Both have been found to be vital for optimal functioning during adolescence. Further, we examined differences in these profiles with regard to two distal outcomes: normalization (a coping strategy) and search for meaning in life (a commonly assumed adolescent developmental task). One hundred and elevenIsraeli adolescent siblings (aged 13-17) completed self-report measures. Two distinct resource-based profiles were identified: "high resources" and "low resources." Participants with "high resources" had a higher sense of hope and higher social support; were significantly more likely to live with married parents than with unmarried parents; had marginally fewer siblings; and scored higher on normalization and search for meaning in life than did participants with "low resources." The study outcomes highlight the essential role of resources for this population. Such resources seem to be helpful for normalization, a coping strategy whose focus is on facilitating regular family routines, and for the siblings' search for meaning in life. Practitioners who work with families in the context of childhood cancer should aim to help these siblings obtain key resources, such as social support, and to actively pursue their goals.

Longing and belonging: making mobiles in art therapy with young Ukrainian refugees

ABSTRACT Background Displaced young people are at risk of adverse effects on their psychological wellbeing due to their experiences of war and resettlement. Art therapy can offer a safe space in which to address trauma and promote resilience. Context This paper describes art therapy with a group of displaced Ukrainians aged 13–16 in a British secondary school. It focuses on the activity of making hanging mobiles in order to explore conflicted feelings around home and belonging. Approach The intervention was informed by theories of resilience, with the intention of preventing the negative effects of traumatic experience by providing opportunities for creativity and reflection. The need of young refugees to experience psychological safety in order to continue with the developmental tasks of adolescence was also considered. Outcomes Half of the group found the activity beneficial in gaining insight into conflicting feelings around belonging and providing a positive experience of agency and control through creativity. The other half of the group benefitted less and found it difficult to reflect on their artmaking. ‘Feelings’ Cups’, an outcome measure devised for the group, was used alongside the YP-Core (Clinical Outcomes for Routine Evaluation for Young People) together with verbal and written feedback. Conclusions The mobile-making activity has potential for use with dislocated young people and others in a position of uncertainty and change. Implications for research There is a need for more research to examine and evidence the role art therapy can play in promoting resilience in displaced young people. Plain-language summary This paper describes art therapy with a group of displaced Ukrainians aged 13–16 in a British secondary school. It focuses on the activity of constructing hanging mobiles to help explore difficult feelings around home and belonging. Refugees find it distressing to be without a home until they are able to resettle in a safe place. Adolescents may find it particularly difficult because they are already struggling with issues of identity and belonging as they move from childhood to adulthood. The mobile-making activity was designed to use creativity and insight to help build resilience. When young people are more resilient, they will suffer less from traumatic experiences. To measure changes during therapy, a form, ‘Feelings’ Cups’, was devised for the group and used alongside a standard form together with verbal and written feedback from the young people. Half of the group found the mobile-making activity helpful. It gave them a positive feeling of being in control and helped them to think about their feelings. The other half of the group did not find the activity helpful. They did not enjoy the artmaking and found it too difficult to think about their feelings. For some refugees this activity might be helpful and could be used again. It is necessary to carry out more research to find out exactly how art therapy can help young people become more resilient.

The resilience and coping strategies in immigrant and non-immigrant adolescents and identity development

ABSTRACT Migration-related risk factors may impact the association between coping strategies, resilience, and identity development, one of the fundamental developmental tasks in adolescence. We examined the relationship between resilience and coping strategies in immigrant and non-immigrant adolescents’ identity development. On a sample of Turkish adolescents (n = 399, 50.9% girls), we conducted six hierarchical regression models to predict identity dimensions from resilience and coping strategies. For both immigrants and non-immigrants, seeking social support predicted a more mature and successful identity while avoidance predicted less reconsideration of commitment. For non-immigrants, seeking social support and avoidance was associated with in-depth exploration whereas for immigrants, only seeking social support was linked to in-depth exploration. Additionally, resilience predicted a successful identity for immigrants. Results were discussed considering migration-related difficulties

Effects of Social Media Social Comparisons and Identity Processes on Body Image Satisfaction in Late Adolescence.

One of the important developmental tasks in adolescence and emerging adulthood is the questioning of identity issues, with body image being a prominent concern. In the age of modern technology, many processes of social comparison take place on social media, which serve as an ideal platform for comparison with others. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of identity dimensions, social media use, and social media social comparison, on different domains of body image satisfaction (i.e., appearance, weight, and attribution). An online survey was conducted with 354 young people in Croatia (Mean age = 18.49, SD = 1.44; Women/girls = 78.9%). The results revealed that each of the body image domains had a different pattern of association with identity dimensions and social media social comparison. The contribution of identity dimensions was more important for evaluation attributed to others about one's body appearance, whereas social media use and social comparison were more crucial for thoughts and feelings about appearance and weight satisfaction. Higher identity commitment and exploration were related to more positive thoughts about how others evaluate one's appearance, regardless of social comparison. On the other hand, social media use and social media social comparison were associated with lower satisfaction with appearance and weight.

GAMBARAN PERAN STRUKTURAL KELUARGA PADA REMAJA SELAMA MASA PANDEMI COVID-19

The psychosocial development of adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic was disrupted. Restrictions on social interaction due to the lockdown have an impact on adolescent developmental tasks, which are dominant and only take place in the family environment. The purpose of this study was to describe the role of the family structurally on adolescent welfare. This study used a descriptive observative method, sampling was carried out by screened sampling. The results showed 82,2% of the level of influence of internal factors on family roles in this study was moderate, describing family conditions, in the form of family composition , the influence of gender on beliefs and care roles; high external elements of 54,3% describe the influence of the extended family, and family social contact, with the environment; and family contextual factors in this study were moderate (59,7%) which described ethnicity, cultural influences, social class, religion, and beliefs. Lockdown rules during the pandemic made teenagers spend more time at home than socializing with peers. Support and the role of the family play an important role in the health and developmental tasks of the family during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Ketercapaian Tugas Perkembangan Remaja SMAN 2 Sungai Penuh Dengan SMAN 1 VII Koto Padang Pariaman

This research is motivated by the presence of students: they do not comply with the values and rules that exist in school, they cannot get along with friends of different sexes, they are not confident about their physical shape, they are still awkward talking to new friends at school, they wear excessive accessories to school. The aims of the study were 1) to describe the achievement of adolescent developmental tasks at SMAN 2 Sungai Penuh, 2) to describe the achievement of youth developmental tasks at SMAN 1 VII Koto Padang Pariaman, 3) the differences between the achievement of adolescent developmental tasks at SMAN 2 Sungai Penuh and SMAN 1 VII Koto Padang Pariaman. This type of research uses descriptive and comparative quantitative methods. Population 241 people. Sample 110 people. The sampling technique is proportional random sampling. The instrument used was the developmental task inventory (ITP). The data analysis technique uses developmental task analysis (ATP). The results of the study 1) the achievement of adolescent developmental tasks at SMAN 2 Sungai Penuh is at the level of self-awareness, 2) the achievement of adolescent developmental tasks at SMAN 1 VII Koto Padang Pariaman is at the level of self-awareness, 3) the difference between the achievement of adolescent developmental tasks at SMAN 2 Sungai Penuh and SMAN 1 VII Koto Padang Pariaman there is no difference in the achievement of developmental tasks between SMAN 2 Sungai Penuh and SMAN 1 VII Koto Padang Pariaman.

The Career Development Index (BOX)

Managing the transition from school to post-school education is an important developmental task in adolescence. One of the tasks of schools is to support this transition. Numerous interventions are used in this process, but their benefits must be critically examined. Studies indicate that offers for career guidance are only effective for a small proportion of young people due to the lack of individualization. Diagnostic instruments are the starting point for the necessary individualization according to the young people’s stage of career developmental and the associated support needs. These are often hardly established at schools because they are either too extensive or the implementation and evaluation of test procedures causes difficulties regarding necessary support offers. Against this background, the Berufsorientierungsindex (BOX) was developed as a diagnostic tool to provide information on the state of development in selected dimensions that are important for a successful career development. The article shows the theoretical considerations and empirical procedure in the development, testing and modification of the instrument. In addition to a discussion of the limitations, possible applications of the BOX are shown.

PENDEKATAN REALITY THERAPY TERHADAP KORBAN TRAUMATIS AKIBAT PASCA BENCANA ALAM: STUDI LIBRARY RESEARCH

Adolescence is a transitional period to build student identity and develop a self-assessment mindset. Adolescent developmental tasks require significant changes in attitudes and behavior patterns. Due to the developmental tasks of adolescence describing the extent of changes that must be made and the problems that arise from the changes themselves, adolescence is often a difficult problem to solve. Lack of confidence in social interaction is one of the obstacles in changing attitudes and behavior. As a result, students who lack confidence in the social environment often do not have friends, are alone, and have difficulty adjusting to their environment. Students who lack self-confidence have more difficulty growing and developing in the activities they participate in at home, at school, and in the community. This writing uses a literature review and literature study by exploring various literature related to self-confidence in social interaction and group counseling approaches to rational emotive behavior therapy. Group counseling utilizes the dynamics of group members in the service process. The stages in the REBT counseling approach are using the ABC theory.

MENINGKATKAN KEPERCAYAAN DIRI SISWA DALAM BERINTERAKSI SOSIAL DENGAN KONSELING KELOMPOK RATIONAL EMOTIVE BEHAVIOR THERAPY: LITERATURE REVIEW

Adolescence is a transitional period to build student identity and develop a self-assessment mindset. Adolescent developmental tasks require significant changes in attitudes and behavior patterns. Due to the developmental tasks of adolescence describing the extent of changes that must be made and the problems that arise from the changes themselves, adolescence is often a difficult problem to solve. Lack of confidence in social interaction is one of the obstacles in changing attitudes and behavior. As a result, students who lack confidence in the social environment often do not have friends, are alone, and have difficulty adjusting to their environment. Students who lack self-confidence have more difficulty growing and developing in the activities they participate in at home, at school, and in the community. This writing uses a literature review and literature study by exploring various literature related to self-confidence in social interaction and group counseling approaches to rational emotive behavior therapy. Group counseling utilizes the dynamics of group members in the service process. The stages in the REBT counseling approach are using the ABC theory.

Design of a Guidance and Counseling Service Program in Assisting the Achievement of Adolescent Development Tasks in the New Normal Period (Study in Class VII of SMP Negeri 5 Kapur IX, Fifty Cities District)

This research is motivated by the presence of students who are less independent in participating in the learning process, lack of interaction during the face-to-face learning process and there are still students who cannot accept the condition of the body. The purpose of this study was to describe the achievement of adolescent developmental tasks and to design a program of guidance and counseling services based on the results of problem identification. This research was conducted using a quantitative descriptive method. The sample of this study was 56 students in class VII taken using total sampling technique. The instrument used is the developmental task inventory (ITP). The results of the research on the design of the Guidance and Counseling Service Program in Helping the Achievement of Adolescent Development Tasks in the New Normal Period (Studies in Class VII SMP Negeri 5 Kapur IX, Lima Puluh Kota Regency) seen from the achievement of adolescent developmental tasks in the new normal period are generally at the developmental level conformity with a score of 3.46 and the form of services and counseling provided, namely information services, group guidance services, collaboration services and bibliotherapy services for class VII SMP Negeri 5 Kapur IX, Lima Puluh Kota Regency which has not achieved the developmental tasks that should..

General Factor of Personality and Its Relationship with the Dark Triad and Social Intelligence in Slovenian Adolescents.

The general factor of personality (GFP) represents the shared variance between personality traits that yield social adjustment and acts as a core personality disposition. In the present study, the existence of GFP in a sample of 249 Slovenian adolescents aged 15–19 years was investigated, and the relationship between GFP, the Dark Triad, and social intelligence was researched. The study used three self-report questionnaires to measure the Big Five, the Dark Triad, and three dimensions of social intelligence. It was found that, in adolescents, GFP exists (although in a somewhat different composition than in previous studies) and is negatively correlated with Machiavellianism and psychopathy and positively correlated with social skills and social awareness. GFP acts as a significant positive predictor of all social intelligence dimensions, and Machiavellianism acts as a significant positive predictor of social information processing and social skills. It can be concluded that GFP and, to a certain extent, perhaps some manipulative tendencies positively predict how an individual functions in society. With these findings, the study contributes to the understanding of the (hierarchical) structure of personality and its association with behavior in social interactions, which is one of the most important developmental tasks in adolescence.

Body-Related Attitudes, Personality, and Identity in Female Adolescents with Anorexia Nervosa or Other Mental Disorders.

The psychological integration of body-related attitudes (BodyRA) is a critical developmental task in adolescence. Adolescents must adapt to their changing body image and body satisfaction. For young people, BodyRA (body dissatisfaction, bulimia, and drive for thinness) are connected to insecurities, which can disturb identity integration and personality development. Our goal was to evaluate the importance of BodyRA also for other mental disorders other than anorexia nervosa (AN), and the association between BodyRA with temperament and personality traits and identity diffusion. Data for the period of 2012 to 2019 were retrospectively analyzed from a convenience sample of patients in a child and adolescent psychiatric hospital (n = 114). The patients were 13 to 17 years of age and had a BMI of 11.9–36.1 kg/m2. As expected, BodyRA were found to be more pronounced in AN, as well as in borderline personality disorder (BPD), depression (DD), and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). BodyRA correlated significantly with internalizing problems in patients with DD (r = 0.428–0.565, p < 0.01) and BPD (r = 0.680, p < 0.01) as well as with BMI (r = 0.404, p < 0.01) in patients with DD. Moreover, we detected significant correlations with impaired identity development in patients with DD (r = 0.482–0.565, p < 0.01) and BPD (r = 0.681–0.703, p < 0.01). BodyRA also correlated significantly with the personality traits of harm avoidance (r = 0.377–0.541, p < 0.01) and self-directedness (r = −0.537–−0.635, p < 0.01) in DD. These personality traits and bulimia were used as predictors for identity diffusion in the investigated disorders of this study. We conclude that BodyRA, harm avoidance and self-directedness are associated with identity development in adolescent females with mental disorders.

The power of friendship: The developmental significance of friendships from a neuroscience perspective

AbstractForming and maintaining friendships is one of the most important developmental tasks in adolescence. Supportive and high‐quality friendships have been related to positive developmental outcomes and mental health, both concurrently and in the long term. Friendships also protect against negative effects of adverse experiences, such as peer victimization and internalizing behaviors. Despite this ample evidence relating friendships to well‐being, we know relatively little about the underlying mechanisms involved. In this article, I review brain imaging research on friendships and highlight its contribution to our understanding of how interactions with friends relate to well‐being. Studies suggest that friendships involve reward and motivational processes (involving the ventral striatum and the ventromedial prefrontal cortex), and self‐ and other‐related mentalizing processes (involving the medial prefrontal cortex and the temporoparietal regions). I conclude with suggestions for research on how neural patterns relate to individual differences in psychosocial outcomes and mental health.

Associations between Adolescent Psychosocial Factors and Disengagement from Education and Employment in Young Adulthood among Individuals with Common Mental Health Problems

Transition to adulthood can be a challenging developmental task for adolescents with common mental health problems and is linked to adverse outcomes such as ‘not in education, employment or training’ (NEET). This study investigated longitudinal associations between adolescent psychosocial factors (e.g., self-esteem, aspirations, bullying, physical activity) and later NEET status among individuals with common mental health problems (i.e., depression and anxiety). A secondary data analysis of the Next Steps cohort study was completed using waves 2 and 8. Psychosocial factors, mental health, and background characteristics were captured when participants were aged 15–16 years (wave 2) while still in compulsory education. The 12-item General Health Questionnaire was used to identify adolescents with common mental health problems. The study population consisted of 2224 participants (females 66.8%) of which 1473 (66.2%) were aged 15 years and 751 (33.8%) were aged 16 years in wave 2. The outcome was NEET status at ages 25–26 years (wave 8). The results showed that after adjusting for background characteristics, adolescent self-esteem, locus of control, bullying, physical activity, job aspirations, and attitudes to school predicted NEET status. Educational aspirations, substance use, and behavioural problems were not significantly associated with NEET status. These findings provide new insights into the role of adolescent psychosocial factors in the context of education and employment outcomes for youth at risk and highlight the necessity of targeted mental health support to improve life chances.

Associations between Conflict Negotiation Strategies, Sexual Comfort, and Sexual Satisfaction in Adolescent Romantic Relationships

ABSTRACT Achieving healthy and satisfying sexual relationships is a major developmental task in adolescence, but factors promoting sexual satisfaction among adolescent romantic relationships remain underexplored. Since sexuality is shaped by relational experiences, strategies mobilized to negotiate conflicts in romantic relationships could be related to sexual satisfaction through comfort in negotiating sexual experiences. Sexual comfort refers to the ease of discussing sexuality, and feeling comfortable with one’s own sexual life and with others’ sexual behaviors. This cross-sectional dyadic study examined the mediating role of sexual comfort in the associations between perceived conflict negotiation strategies and sexual satisfaction among adolescent romantic dyads. The actor-partner interdependence model guided the analyses of self-reported questionnaires from 104 mixed- and same-sex dyads (Mage = 18.99 years, SD = 1.51). An adolescent’s higher compromise and lower submission were related to their own higher sexual satisfaction via their own higher sexual comfort. The results also revealed a direct association between an adolescent’s higher domination and their own lower sexual satisfaction. These findings underscore the importance of considering conflict negotiation strategies and sexual comfort as key factors related to adolescents’ sexual satisfaction.

Quality of sibling relationships and identity formation: Identification processes as a mediator

Identity formation is an adolescent developmental task that continues throughout life. Its process cannot be separated from the role of the significant person for adolescents, including siblings. Therefore, this study aims to examine the identification process (modeling and de-identification) as a mediator in the relationship between sibling relationships in identity formations commitment, in-depth exploration, and reconsideration of commitment. Four hundred adolescents aged 12-21 years participated in this study. The Indonesian version of the Utrecht-Management of Identity Commitments Scale (U-MICS), the Sibling Relationship Questionnaire (SRQ), and the Sibling Influence Scale (SIS) were used to measure identity formation, sibling relationship quality, and identification process. Data analysis was performed using regression analysis and the Sobel test. The results showed that the identification process could be a mediator between the quality of sibling relationships and identity formation. Also, the differences in quality among siblings lead adolescents to take different paths of the identification process, modeling, or de-identification, which impact the process of identity formation differences. Adolescents involved in modeling can learn and imitate older siblings to achieve an optimal identity. On the other hand, adolescents involved in de-identification find it more difficult and experience more challenges in achieving an optimal identity

Analysis of Adolescent Developmental Task Mastery and Its Implications for Information Service Materials

This study aims to describe the mastery of developmental tasks of MAN Curup students and their implications for the preparation of information service materials. The method used is quantitative with a population of 75 students from MAN Curup majoring in Social Sciences. The sampling technique used is saturated sampling. Data were collected by using a questionnaire using the Guttman scale and analyzed by descriptive analysis. The results showed that some of the tasks of adolescent development have been mastered and some have not been mastered by students. Some developmental tasks that have not been mastered are maturity in establishing relationships with peers, economic independence, choosing and planning careers and understanding and implementing value systems and ethics in behaviour. Some aspects of developmental tasks that have not been mastered by students must be prioritized to be used as a basic reference in program preparation and implementation of counselling guidance services including in compiling information service materials