Development Status Evaluation Research Articles

Development status evaluation and path analysis of regional clean energy power generation in China

Due to differences in resource endowments, levels of economic development, energy structure, and effects of policy implementation, the level of clean energy development in different regions in China is nonuniform. To achieve carbon peaking and carbon neutrality, it is necessary to clarify the law of clean energy development and formulate policies tailored to local conditions. Based on relevant data on clean energy power, this paper establishes a system for evaluating the levels of clean energy development in each region in China by the entropy method and quantitatively analyzes the key factors influencing regional clean energy development. Based on this, the development characteristics of clean energy in different regions are discussed, and four historical paths for developing clean energy are summarized. The findings reveal the following: (1) overall, clean energy development in most regions in China is proceeding at a satisfactory pace. The contribution of resource endowment to clean energy development is considerable in Southwest and Northwest China. (2) The paths involved in the regional development of clean energy can be categorized into rising, declining, stable, and fluctuating types. (3) Currently, clean energy development in China remains largely dependent on resource endowments and is restricted by the capacity of traditional large-scale energy generation units. (4) In the foreseeable future, a sound and effective trading mechanism for the clean energy market will play an important role in economically developed regions and promote a higher level of development and generation of clean energy.

Development Status Evaluation and Path Analysis of Regional Clean Energy Power Generation in China

Development Status Evaluation and Path Analysis of Regional Clean Energy Power Generation in China

Parent engagement with the New South Wales child health home-based record: A cross-sectional survey and a retrospective chart review.

In 2018, World Health Organization endorsed universal use of home-based records to improve care for mothers, pregnant women, newborns and children. New South Wales (NSW), Australia has had universal use of a child health home-based record since 1988, with the first major update in 2013. Since the update, limitedbelief is sufficient for constituting evidence has been collected about factors influencing parent use of the record. This study aims to examine parent engagement with the record and whether it is influenced by child's first-born status and Parent Evaluation of Development Status (PEDS) outcome. A survey of 202 parent-child pairs and a review of 20 record books were conducted in NSW, Australia. Odds ratio (OR) at 95% confidence interval (CI) and .05 level of significance, bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions were conducted to examine the influence of first-born status, child's PEDS outcome and other parent-child characteristics on parent engagement with the record. Parents engaged with the home-based record by taking it for routine checks (80.7%), writing (74.8%) or reading (75.8%) information. Parents of first-born children were more than three times likely to take the record book for routine checks compared with parent of later-born children (adjusted OR [AOR] = 3.70, 95% CI 1.12-12.20). Similarly, parents of children with low PEDS level of risk were significantly less likely to read information in the record book compared with parents of children with high risk (AOR = 0.28, 95% CI 0.08-0.98). Parent record input through direct observation significantly decreased from 85% at 1-month to 60% at 12-month postnatal. Data about at least one vaccination event were recorded in all the record books examined, while 85% had all recommended vaccinations recorded. Parents valued/engaged regularly with a child health home-based record, and the record may be a useful tool for early detection and monitoring of child developmental concerns. Therefore, continued promotion of the use of child health home-based record appears to play an important role in improving child health and development.

How universal are universal preschool health checks? An observational study using routine data from New Zealand’s B4 School Check

ObjectivesWe aimed to estimate how many children were attending a universal preschool health screen and to identify characteristics associated with non-participation.DesignAnalysis of population-level linked administrative data.ParticipantsChildren were considered eligible for...

Health professional perceptions regarding screening tools for developmental surveillance for children in a multicultural part of Sydney, Australia

BackgroundEncouraging early child development and the early identification of developmental difficulties is a priority. The Ministry of Health in the Australian State of New South Wales (NSW), has recommended a program of developmental surveillance using validated screening questionnaires, namely, the Parents’ Evaluation of Development Status (PEDS) and Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQs), however, the use of these tools has remained sub-optimal. A longitudinal prospective birth cohort “Watch Me grow” study was carried out in the South Western Sydney (SW) region of NSW to ascertain the uptake as well as the strategies and the resources required to maximise engagement in the surveillance program. This paper reports on a qualitative component of the study examining the attitudes, enablers and barriers to the current developmental surveillance practices, with reference to screening tools, amongst health professionals.MethodsQualitative data from 37 primary health care providers in a region of relative disadvantage in Sydney was analysed.ResultsThe major themes that emerged from the data were the “difficulties/problems” and “positives/benefits” of surveillance in general, and “specificity” of the tools which were employed. Barriers of time, tool awareness, knowledge and access of referral pathways, and services were important for the physician providers, while the choice of screening tools and access to these tools in other languages were raised as important issues by Child and Family Health Nurses (CFHN). The use of these tools by health professionals was also influenced by what the professionals perceived as the parents’ understanding of their child’s development. While the PEDS and ASQs was utilised by CFHNs, both General Practitioners (GPs) and paediatricians commented that they lacked awareness of developmental screening tools and highlighted further training needs.ConclusionsThe results highlight the practical challenges to, and limited knowledge and uptake of, the use of recommended screening tools as part of developmental surveillance. There is a need for further research regarding the most effective integrated models of care which will allow for a better collaboration between parents and service providers and improve information sharing between different professionals such as CFHNs GPs, Practices nurses and Paediatricians involved in screening and surveillance programs.

Modifying the Parent Evaluation of Developmental Status to Target 4-month-old Infants Who Would Benefit From the Meade Movement Checklist During Community Screening

To evaluate infant development using a modified Parent Evaluation of Development Status (PEDS) of 6 questions and the Meade Movement Checklist (MMCL). Parents of 4 to 6 month old infants attended community screening clinics, listed concerns on 6 questions (modified PEDS) and were then screened using the MMCL (n = 55). Individual PEDS questions were evaluated and MMCL results were compared to a gold standard, the Bayley Scales of Infant Development II. Significant correlation was found between infant risk-positive status, eligibility for special educational or medical services and parent concerns (RR = 1.7; P = .003). A second screen using the MMCL demonstrated 66.6% sensitivity, 94.1% specificity, 85.7% positive predictive value and 84.2% negative predictive value. Four of 6 questions on a “Modified” parent concerns test accurately targeted infants for a second screen (MMCL). Evaluating parent concerns and risk-positive status, increased PPV from 70% to 85.7% at the expense of decreased sensitivity. An algorithm is recommended to increase infant screening effectiveness.

OP07.02: Fetal spina bifida - prenatal course and outcome in 103 cases

Objective: To determine the outcome of fetuses with a prenatal ultrasound (US) diagnosis of isolated Dandy-Walker variant (DWV), megacisterna magna (MCM) or Blake’s pouch cyst (BPC). Methods: Registers from our scan database diagnosed as isolated posterior fossa (PF) anomaly between 2002 and 2008 were retrospectively collected at Vall d’Hebron Materno Infantil Hospital in Barcelona. Information concerning karyotype, other image studies, pathology findings, perinatal outcome and postnatal evaluation was obtained from medical records. Infant’s development and behaviour was evaluated with the validated tool parent’s evaluation of development status (PEDS). Results: This series included 24 cases over seven years, we sonographically identified 7 fetuses with isolated DWV, 14 with isolated MCM, and 3 with isolated BPC. Mean gestational age at diagnosis was 24 weeks for DWV, 29 weeks for MCM and 20 weeks for BPC. Karyotypes were performed in 4, 8 and 2 fetuses with DWV, MCM and BPC respectively and all were normal. Of DWV cases 4 (57.4%) requested termination of pregnancy (TOP), one was lost after diagnosis, one had an intrauterine fetal demise and one had a healthy neonate. Of MCM cases one opted for TOP and 13 continued, all healthy neonates were born uneventfully, but one has developmental delay at follow-up. All cases of BPC continued pregnancies and finished with healthy babies. PEDS was used to detect possible developmental or behavioural problems in 16 cases with isolated PF anomalies in fetal US. We found one infant (6.2%) in group A-treatment needed; two infants (12.5%) in group B-perform wider evaluation; three infants (18.8%) in group C-close observation, and ten infants (62.5%) in group E-normal. Conclusions: Isolated DWV prognosis is still unclear, even when karyotype is normal, and both, isolated MCM and BPC, are generally associated to normal karyotype and have a high possibility of leading to a normal neonate and good long term prognosis.

OP07.01: Clinical significance of isolated posterior fossa anomalies: Dandy-Walker variant, megacisterna magna and Blake's pouch cyst

To determine the outcome of fetuses with a prenatal ultrasound (US) diagnosis of isolated Dandy-Walker variant (DWV), megacisterna magna (MCM) or Blake's pouch cyst (BPC). Registers from our scan database diagnosed as isolated posterior fossa (PF) anomaly between 2002 and 2008 were retrospectively collected at Vall d'Hebron Materno Infantil Hospital in Barcelona. Information concerning karyotype, other image studies, pathology findings, perinatal outcome and postnatal evaluation was obtained from medical records. Infant's development and behaviour was evaluated with the validated tool parent's evaluation of development status (PEDS). This series included 24 cases over seven years, we sonographically identified 7 fetuses with isolated DWV, 14 with isolated MCM, and 3 with isolated BPC. Mean gestational age at diagnosis was 24 weeks for DWV, 29 weeks for MCM and 20 weeks for BPC. Karyotypes were performed in 4, 8 and 2 fetuses with DWV, MCM and BPC respectively and all were normal. Of DWV cases 4 (57.4%) requested termination of pregnancy (TOP), one was lost after diagnosis, one had an intrauterine fetal demise and one had a healthy neonate. Of MCM cases one opted for TOP and 13 continued, all healthy neonates were born uneventfully, but one has developmental delay at follow-up. All cases of BPC continued pregnancies and finished with healthy babies. PEDS was used to detect possible developmental or behavioural problems in 16 cases with isolated PF anomalies in fetal US. We found one infant (6.2%) in group A-treatment needed; two infants (12.5%) in group B-perform wider evaluation; three infants (18.8%) in group C-close observation, and ten infants (62.5%) in group E-normal. Isolated DWV prognosis is still unclear, even when karyotype is normal, and both, isolated MCM and BPC, are generally associated to normal karyotype and have a high possibility of leading to a normal neonate and good long term prognosis.

On the threshold - The outlook for supersonic and hypersonic aircraft

A development history and current development status evaluation is presented with a view to the prospective viability of supersonic, hypersonic, and transatmospheric vehicle RD Mach 5-6 military reconnaissance aircraft could be operational soon after. Transatmospheric, mixed airbreathing/rocket propulsion single-stage vehicles capable of orbital insertion will require several years of additional development beyond hypersonic ones to become operational.

Space station freedom: A program update

A conceptual and programatic development status evaluation is presented for the NASA Space Station Freedom. A first Freedom-element launch by the Space Shuttle is planned for 1995, with completion of the assembly process by 1998. Man-tended capability is expected to be established by one of the early Space Shuttle assembly flights; a permanently manned capability is expected to be in place by 1996. This construction schedule fundamentally depends, however, on the availability of a replacement Space Shuttle Orbiter whose delivery is expected to occur in May 1991. Attention is given to the international-cooperation aspects of the program.

Aerospace Materials for the 21st Centry

A development status evaluation and prospective performance characteristics projection is made for advanced metal-matrix composites, ceramic-matrix composites, high-temperature polymeric composite resins, and the NDE and process-monitoring techniques that may be employed in order to maximize their performance while minimizing their costs. Attention is given to P/M aluminum alloy matrix-based, superplastically formed SiC whisker-reinforced composites, and the materials requirements of the National Aerospace Plane and NASA Space Station.