Development-related Activities Research Articles

초등교사의 창의적 체험활동 경험에 관한 질적 메타분석

Objective: Using a qualitative meta-analysis, this study examines whether elementary school teachers' experiences in organizing and operating creative experiential activities are being implemented in actual school sites as intended and proposes ways to internalize the quality of these activities. Methods: Eight domestic qualitative studies on the said experience were analyzed in a larger framework of curriculum organization, implementation, and evaluation according to Novlit and Hare’s (1998) seven-step qualitative meta-analysis approach. Results: Elementary school teachers had conflicting views on teacher autonomy in organizing, managing, and evaluating creative experiential activities. Further, they differed in their experiences in different areas of creative experiential and out-of-school activities. The study also elicited opinions on how to evaluate creative experiential activities and improve professional development related activities. Conclusions: Suggestions were made for improving the creative experiential activity curriculum and follow-up research, such as providing opportunities to cultivate teacher expertise related to creative experiential activities, exploring teacher and student experiences by activity area and alternative creative experience evaluation measures.

Sustainable development in Portuguese higher education institutions from the faculty perspective

Higher education institutions play a fundamental role and have great responsibility in promoting sustainability and achieving sustainable development goals. It is therefore essential to study the teacher's perceptions of incorporating sustainability since they are responsible for promoting competences and preparing citizens to respond with solutions to future challenges. The aim of this research is to analyse the perceptions of sustainability held by teachers at Portuguese public higher education institutions. A descriptive and exploratory study was conducted by administering an online questionnaire. The sample is made up of 444 teachers from different Portuguese public higher education institutions (54.1% women and 45.9% men). The results show that while most teachers believe higher education institutions promote the integration of sustainability in their activities, only 16% consider that sustainable development is holistically integrated in the institutions' different activities. About 30% of the teachers report that they largely or extensively integrate sustainable development in their curricular units, but only 20% of them state that higher education institutions provide regular or systematic training in SD. Teachers prefer to increase students' sustainable development education through conferences, seminars, or research projects. Almost 90% of teachers are concerned about climate change or the environment, but only 40% or less engage in sustainable development-related activities. Four clusters are also identified, representing teachers' different perceptions of the higher education institutions' promotion of sustainability, teachers' participation in sustainable development issues and concerns about climate change. Although teachers feel that sustainability is starting to be integrated in higher education institutions, this is not done holistically; moreover, differences are found between teachers in polytechnics and universities and between different scientific areas.

Government College Librarian’s Use of Social Media for Professional Development in Sindh, Pakistan

This study examined the use of social media in professional development by government college librarians of Sindh. Professional development is an integral part of all professions. Librarians and information professionals are required to have up-to-date information and skills regarding their profession. A Quantitative survey was employed to conduct this study. The target population consisted of government college librarians of Sindh, Pakistan. The survey was administered online. The findings demonstrated that most college librarians are aware of the importance of social media and use social media networks in professional development-related activities. Furthermore, findings identified that YouTube, WhatsApp, and Facebook are the most frequently used social media platforms in professional development. The findings help to design guidelines and provide basic information and communication technology skills training programs for better use of social media and optimum utilization of online professional development opportunities.

The land–river interface: a conceptual framework of environmental process interactions to support sustainable development

Rivers and their surrounding lands are focal points of human development in the landscape. However, activities associated with development can greatly affect river processes, causing significant and often unintended environmental and human impacts. Despite the profound and varied environmental impacts that development-related alterations cause through hydrological, geomorphic, and ecological processes, they are not widely acknowledged outside of river management and affect resource availability and hazard exposure to people. In this paper, we propose a novel, interdisciplinary conceptual framework of river–land process interactions to support sustainable management and development. We introduce the term ‘land–river interface’ (LRI) to describe areas of the landscape in which river processes affect land, vegetation, and/or fauna, including humans, directly or indirectly. The multiple links between LRI processes and factors at the river basin, valley, and river channel (i.e. reach) scale are synthesized and a conceptual zonation of the LRI based on the process is proposed to serve as a framework to understand the impacts of human activity. Three examples of development-related activities (urbanization, dams and aggregate mining) illustrate how alteration to the form and functioning of river basins, valleys, and channels cause a range of impacts to be propagated throughout the landscape, often spatially or temporally distant from the activity. The diversity and severity of these impacts on the environment and people underscore the need to incorporate river processes, as represented in the LRI concept, into broader environmental management to better anticipate and mitigate negative impacts and maximize positive outcomes to deliver the benefits of sustainable development across society.

Government Collaborative Efforts Supporting Tourism Development in Lesotho

Many countries strive to establish solid collaborations between the tourism industry players with the belief that knowledge brought by diverse stakeholder team will spill-over across the industry to boost collective productivity. This study focuses on exploring the current established government organisations collaborations geared towards tourism development in Lesotho. The study utilised the interprevististic paradigm using the qualitative research approach. The content analysis based on qualitative interviews with various government tourism related organisations reveal that to some degree, there are existing collaborative efforts among local government organisations, local government and international governments, local government and international bodies, and, local government and the local community. The study also identified that current collaborations are geared towards improving tourists’ safety and security, curriculum and skills development, road and air transport infrastructure development, and funding tourism development-related activities. Recommendations for collaborations improvement were presented. Keywords: Tourism, Government Organisations, Tourism Collaborations, Tourism Development, Lesotho

Sustainable hard and soft measures for coastal protection – Case studies along the Indian Coast

Any stretch of a coastline warrants protection measure when it experiences an erosion rate beyond a threshold value, and when the seasonal littoral drift changes fail to restore equilibrium. The causes for coastal erosion can either be natural, man-made or a combination of both. The natural causes include extreme storm events, inland/basins interventions responsible for sediment sinks, the action of waves on the coasts and Sea level rise due to climate change. The man-made causes are often related to developmental activities such as the construction of ports, fishing harbours, structures for wave and tidal energy converters and tourism development related activities. To counter or minimize coastal erosion, the protection measures are broadly classified as hard and soft measures. A few case studies along the Indian coast based on both approaches are considered and their performance characteristics are presented, the merits and demerits of both methods are highlighted, are discussed in this paper.

How we refactor and how we document it? On the use of supervised machine learning algorithms to classify refactoring documentation

Refactoring is the art of improving the structural design of a software system without altering its external behavior. Today, refactoring has become a well-established and disciplined software engineering practice that has attracted a significant amount of research presuming that refactoring is primarily motivated by the need to improve system structures. However, recent studies have shown that developers may incorporate refactoring strategies in other development-related activities that go beyond improving the design especially with the emerging challenges in contemporary software engineering. Unfortunately, these studies are limited to developer interviews and a reduced set of projects.To cope with the above-mentioned limitations, we aim to better understand what motivates developers to apply a refactoring by mining and automatically classifying a large set of 111,884 commits containing refactoring activities, extracted from 800 open source Java projects. We trained a multi-class classifier to categorize these commits into three categories, namely, Internal Quality Attribute, External Quality Attribute, and Code Smell Resolution, along with the traditional Bug Fix and Functional categories. This classification challenges the original definition of refactoring, being exclusive to improving software design and fixing code smells. Furthermore, to better understand our classification results, we qualitatively analyzed commit messages to extract textual patterns that developers regularly use to describe their refactoring activities.The results of our empirical investigation show that (1) fixing code smells is not the main driver for developers to refactoring their code bases. Refactoring is solicited for a wide variety of reasons, going beyond its traditional definition; (2) the distribution of refactoring operations differs between production and test files; (3) developers use a variety of patterns to purposefully target refactoring-related activities; (4) the textual patterns, extracted from commit messages, provide better coverage for how developers document their refactorings.

A Human Rights-Based Approach to Foreign Agricultural Investment in Uganda

The use of human rights approaches in the context of development-related activities appears to be the most appropriate means to observe respect for and the protection of people's rights as states are required to adhere to human rights norms and standards. This article argues for the adoption of a rights-based approach within the framework of foreign agricultural investment activities in Uganda in order to ensure respect for, the protection of and the fulfilment of the fundamental human rights of local communities. It provides an exposition of the procedural and substantive rights which are contained in the relevant international and regional legal instruments and which need to be taken into account in such a rights-based approach. It also distils the relevant benchmarks to be used by the government of Uganda as the standards to be achieved in order to ensure the observance and protection of people's rights, especially with regard to the negotiation and implementation of foreign agricultural investment land deals in Uganda. It then compares the Ugandan legal framework against the distilled benchmarks to ascertain if and to what extent the legal framework conforms to these requirements with regard to regulating foreign agricultural investment activities. Based on the distilled minimum human rights requirements and the obligation they bestow on states, the article concludes that in order for the government of Uganda to properly and effectively respect, protect and fulfil local communities' human rights, it is crucially important that it should consider these requirements and fulfil them during the regulation and implementation of foreign agricultural investment land deals in the country.

Institutional Change and the Impact Towards Innovation Competitiveness in the Industrial Development of The Batam Free Trade Zone

The purpose of this study is to evaluate an implementation of the batam free trade zone in industrial development. A survey was conducted in 2015 involving 17 firms from different areas of the zone. Relationships between variables were established using Fischer’s Exact Test. Result indicates that there is significant relationship between institutions and innovation, judging by research, designing, and development related activities, fewer than 95% confidence level. The problem lies in the conflicts between the FTZ Authority and the local governments, as the latter continued to dominate the institutional settings. The results indicated that weak vision towards FTZ policy and zero-sum approach by key actors contributed the most to the failure in reindustrialize the zone.

The Relationship Between Participation in Extracurricular Activities, Interaction, Satisfaction With Academic Major, and Career Motivation

As career development is one of the major objectives of college, this study examined how participation in extracurricular activities and interaction with faculty and peers influence satisfaction with academic major and career motivation among Korean students. A research model was proposed based on the literature review. Data were collected from 296 male and 343 female college students, and a structural equation modeling analysis was used to test the proposed model. The results showed that participation in extracurricular activities such as major-related study groups, career development-related activities, social clubs, and community service is positively related to career motivation. It was also found that frequent interaction with faculty and peers was directly and positively related to students’ satisfaction with their academic majors and was indirectly and significantly related to their career motivation. The implications of these findings for college-level measures to improve career motivation are discussed.

Addressing Innovation Competitiveness of Batam Free Trade Zone: What Went Wrong?

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Perspectives on Time Commitment to Fundraising by Community College Presidents

All types of higher education institutions have come to rely on some element of revenue diversification, and fundraising from private sources has become increasingly common and popular among community college presidents. Yet despite the growth in attention to fundraising, community colleges collectively only garner 2% of all philanthropic support to higher education. With the growing demand for private funds, community college presidents must understand how they are using their time for fundraising, and ultimately, the consequence of these fundraising efforts. The current study explored the time commitment of college presidents, finding that they spend as much as 30% of their workplace time each month on development related activities.

Genetic Diversity Analysis of Couroupita guianensis Aubl.based on RAPD Marker

<p> <strong><em>Couroupita guianensis</em> Aubl. Commonly known as cannon ball tree, belongs to family Lecythidaceae and widely used in Chinese medicine. C. guianensis is being threatened due to habitat destruction in its native range for human settlement and other development related activities. Native populations of C. guianensis were collected from different locations of the India states and characterized through. To study the genetic diversity of C. guianensis populations we performed RAPD – PCR with several primers. The results are revealed in this study.</strong></p>

ALTRUISME SEMU DI SEKOLAH: Analisis terhadap Praktek-praktek Kekerasan dan Keterlibatan School Stakeholder dalam Kegiatan Inisiasi Sekolah

For over decades in Indonesian public high school, freshmen orientation program in form of school initiation has been perceived as process that leads to altruistic behavior; consisted of solidarity, closely group interaction, deeper understanding on school’s living values, and internal norms. However, its implementation is currently raising many protests of educational experts and scholars as well as become a point of vocal in public areas because violent actions are profoundly practiced as ways to infitrate those altruism and potentially inflct another precedent thought that the activities could be alternative for individual’ growth in near future. Accordingly, this research conducted in one of public school in Yogyakarta province attempts to analyze the involvement of school stakeholders throughout the ongoing process in the school initiation and to identify why misleading concept of education remains applied by school’ stakeholders. Therefore, the fial recommendation of this research is subjected not only to the school stakeholders, but also relevant boards in the government, where the school aparatus should highly involve parents in making decision and implement accountable action in disseminating information pertinent to education process, the relevant board of education in governmental sector should also increase the partnership with local non-governmental organization who has areas of working in the peace and education to seek and design relevant alternative programs for the sake of eradicating violent actions in the school. Local community situated in the school’s surroundings should be also actively involved by respective schools for some of community development-related activities. The last mentioned recommendation is purposively to have students understand deeper and comprehend throroughly the use of knowledge that they learn at school for society.

Management of Community Development Activities Among Parent-Teacher Association Stakeholders in Area V, Leyte Division, Philippines

The study aimed to determine the management of community development activities among the Parent-Teacher-Association stakeholders in Area v, Leyte Division. Utilizing the quantitative research design, the study employed survey questionnaire as the main data gathering tool through the 200 respondents composed of teachers and parents. Results indicate that the profile of the respondents did not affect, in any way, the management of the Parent-Teacher-Association stakeholders. In the core management functions, the PTA stakeholders were found to have highly practiced in leading; whereas, planning, organizing and controlling were found to be on practice level. Lack of fund and inadequate skills and improper management of the PTA stakeholders came out as the main issue and concern. Similar studies maybe conducted but will examine other aspects and nature of variables on management skills and capabilities vis-a-vis community development related activities to come up with genuine and adequate data as basis for other future research into this subject.

Training collaboration in Australia

It is 2020 and the Australian oil and gas industry has experienced unprecedented growth. The transition to steady-state operations has been hugely successful. Australia is now well and truly on the global map for oil and gas, and is regarded as world class. Trades and technical operators are skilled, experienced, and safely delivering their jobs. The Australian collaborative training model has been successfully in place for three years, and operators and contractors are satisfied with its impact. But how did the industry successfully make this happen? Looking back to 2015, there were a number of ad hoc collaborative strategies in place to provide oil and gas related skills in Australia. The economic environment at that time, however, necessitated a new look at the collaborative mechanism for reducing operating costs and realising greater efficiencies on workforce development related activities. In 2015, the Resources Industry Training Council (a joint venture between APPEA and CME) identified workforce development collaboration opportunities, and to articulate the value that could be realised from these opportunities. This project sparked a successful Australian collaborative model for workforce development. A unique FutureNow visioning presentation will be used to bring to life a world in 2020 where workforce development collaboration is intrinsic to Australian operators’ DNA, and why and how it stuck this time round. The value will be clearly identified in terms cost optimisation, building an industry culture of trust, and how this was used as a springboard for other successful collaborative opportunities. FutureNow is a fictional representation of the Australian oil and gas industry in 2020, using storytelling to explain a possible journey and outcome for the operators, service providers, workforce, and training bodies.

Assessing cumulative effects of multiple activities in New England watersheds

A cumulative effect analysis (CEA) is a tool that can be utilized for the review of multiple anthropogenic projects or activities for the purposes of planning, regulation, conservation, or the general evaluation of environmental health. Such an assessment is problematic because spatially consistent and temporally repeated data informing the condition of a location are often not available. When such data can be identified, the potential response of that resource to additional impacts may be unpredictable. Despite these limitations, in many cases, it may be critical to identify those locations for further scrutiny which may be vulnerable to collective impacts from development or other environmental challenges. Here, we present an approach which considers the vulnerability of aquatic resources in relation to the anticipated effects of development-related activities that could be used to identify locations where the potential for cumulative effects is the greatest. This application considers CEA in the context of identifying where development-related activities of minimal impact may be viewed as relatively more substantial when viewed cumulatively. We identify HUC 8-level watersheds where the current resource condition and anticipated development-related activities may have greater potential to result in an impact on watershed condition (i.e., water quality, water quantity, and habitat value). The vulnerability of the watershed was estimated from the number, type, and location of a specific suite of reported activities. The existing condition of the watershed was measured as a function of existing assessments of resource conditions. The relationship between the vulnerability and the existing watershed condition was used to project future conditions and to identify watersheds that warrant further scrutiny. This is a unique approach to CEA which allows for transparent, repeatable identification of watersheds which may be adversely impacted by further activities or projects.

Faculty Involvement for Creating Awareness about Social Responsibility

As an engineering faculty, always talks about obligation of an engineer for social development. It is the role of a teacher to encourage or involve the students in society related activities. This paper present community development related activities run by engineering faculty involving students. lt engages the students to look around community & find out the areas whereas human being and engineer can help the society. This paper deals contribution of engineering faculty.

Research and education for sustainability in a beekeeping project in sub-Saharan Africa

Support to small farmers is at the heart of the fight against poverty. However, the continuous provision of support poses a major challenge which greatly affects the sustainability of development-related projects. Using a research and education approach, in which beekeeping was introduced into the curriculum of two secondary schools, we tested the potential of knowledge transfer as a means of promoting beekeeping. In this paper, we show that, with an educational program tailored to the audience needs, knowledge transfer and self-start-ups ensure better sustainability than material support. We further discuss the implications of these results in the sustenance of beekeeping as a development-related activity.

The Commanders Emergency Response Program in Afghanistan: Refining U.S. Military Capabilities in Stability and In-Conflict Development Activities

The U.S. military has become substantially engaged in the development and stabilization space and will likely continue to operate in this space for some time to come. Analyzing the Commanders Emergency Response Program in Afghanistan, we look at the scope and rationale for development related activities carried out by the U.S. military. Acknowledging that tensions have arisen between the development community and the U.S. military in Afghanistan, we discuss the scope for improving the U.S. military’s capabilities in carrying out development-related activities in in-conflict zones. Specifically, we propose five policy changes for the U.S. military - improving education and training for military officers, reforming authorities and doctrine, understanding the dominant sectors of the economy, monitoring outcomes, and increasing awareness of unintended consequences.