Developed Pressure Research Articles

The Evolution of China's Domestic Climate Policy Frames (2009–2024): Problems, Solutions, and Motivations

ABSTRACTOver the past decade, The People's Republic of China has increased its influence in global climate governance. Despite the strong interest in policy frames related to climate change at the global level, few studies have explored policy frames within China. This paper therefore adopts a frame analysis to study the evolution in framing of domestic climate policies in China over the period 2009–24. Our research finds that diagnostic frames (the “problem”) identify development pressure, energy sector, and the impacts of natural disasters, pollution and ecosystem damage/change as key issues to be addressed. Prognostic frames (the “solutions”) encompass energy system decarbonization, industry reform, nature‐based solutions, market‐oriented solutions, and international cooperation. The motivational framings (the “ideational motivations”), include green development, ecological civilization, the principle of Common But Differentiated Responsibilities (CBDR), and multilateralism. The study reveals shifts in diagnostic, prognostic, and motivational frames of the national government across three periods.

Fragmented forests in highly industrialized Batam Island, Indonesia: A vital pocket for biodiversity conservation of Rubroshorea curtisii (Dipterocarpaceae)

Abstract Rubroshorea curtisii (Meranti Seraya) is a species in the Dipterocarpaceae family that is of ecological and economic signi8icance. The distribution of these species in Indonesia has been reported only in Sumatra, Singkep, and Lingga, and it is currently found in Batam Island, Riau Archipelago, Indonesia. The pressure of development on Batam has caused the forest to be fragmented into smaller parts and signi8icantly reduced the natural habitat of Rubroshorea curtisii. The objective of this research was to assess the synecology of Rubroshorea curtisii species to determine whether the fragmented forest landscape in Batam is an important biodiversity patch for Rubroshorea curtisii by analyzing its structure, composition, and abundance in the Sei Harapan and Bukit Tiban fragmented forests. The study used a vegetation analysis approach employing purposive sampling in 12 circular plots for each site where Rubroshorea curtisii grew naturally. In the Sei Harapan Fragmented Forest, the Important Value Index for the species was 138.01% (tree), 46.48% (pole), 23.38% (sapling), and 27.12% (seedling), while in the Bukit Tiban fragmented forest was 121.79% (tree), 26.67% (sapling), and 30.31% (seedling). At the pole stage, Calophyllum inophylloide had the highest Important Value Index (22.62%). Regarding the diversity index, all growth stages were considered high and medium, with 3,12 (seedling), 3.37 (sapling), 2.91 (pole), and 2,09 (tree) in the Sei Harapan fragmented forest, and 3,12 (seedling), 3.45 (sapling), and 3,44 (pole), 2.33 (tree). The evenness index is all categorized as high, with 0.94 (seedling), 0.94 (sapling), 0.93 (pole), and 0.72 (tree) in Sei Harapan fragmented forest and also categorized as high in Bukit Tiban fragmented forest with 0.91 (seedling), 0.93 (sapling), 0.94 (pole), and 0.72 (tree). The species richness index in the Sei Harapan fragmented forest is classi8ied as high with 6.62 (seedling), 8.06 (sapling), and 5.78 (pole), but at the tree level, it is classi8ied as medium with a value of 4.10. In the Bukit Tiban area, all life stages are categorized as having a high level of species richness, with 6.42 (seedling), 9.26 (sapling), 8.67 (pole), and 5.37 (tree). The study revealed that the fragmented forest on the highly industrialized island of Batam serves as a forest pocket that preserves valuable tropical biodiversity.

Karst groundwater conservation based on hydrochemistry and isotope stable analysis in Obi Island, South Halmahera

Abstract This paper presents an analysis of the hydrogeological characteristics of the Kelo karst area in Obi Island, South Halmahera, focusing on hydrochemistry and isotopic methods to delineate the groundwater recharge zones and propose conservation measures. Despite its natural state, the Kelo karst area has not been previously studied for hydrogeology nor exploited for resources. Unregulated exploitation of karst areas poses significant environmental risks, leading to the degradation of their strategic and hydrological functions. This study investigates spring characteristics through hydrochemistry analysis, stable isotopes (δ18O and δ2H), and groundwater mixing processes. Hydrochemistry and isotopic analyses elucidate the hydrogeological features, including groundwater origin and recharge mechanisms. The predominant groundwater facies in the study area exhibit a Ca-Mg-HCO3 − composition, reflecting the dissolution processes of both limestone and igneous rock formations. Isotopic analysis and local meteoric water line examination indicate a recharge zone elevation ranging from 612 to 945 meters. Geological features such as fracture zones, lineaments, faults, and sinkholes significantly influence the determination of recharge areas. Protection of these recharge zones is imperative for groundwater conservation, ensuring the sustained availability and quality of groundwater amidst the development pressures on karst landscapes.

Unearthing Agricultural Land Use Dynamics in Indonesia: Between Food Security and Policy Interventions

Despite its essential and irreplaceable role in food security, the agricultural sector is often perceived as having the potential to be sacrificed in the name of economic growth, leading to significant land cover transformation into built-up areas and plantations. This complexity prompts critical questions regarding the efficacy of agricultural policy interventions, including augmenting production capacity, diversifying commodities, and expanding agricultural land in light of Indonesia Emas 2045, which embodies Indonesia’s ambitious multidimensional developmental transformation. This study employed a system dynamic approach with region-based closed feedback, focusing on four primary commodities: rice, cassava, corn, and palm oil. It concludes that food vulnerability will become increasingly severe by 2045, particularly in Java Island, which, despite being the sole area with a food surplus, is also experiencing escalating development pressures. In other regions, this pressure transforms transitory land from areas growing rice to areas growing other agricultural commodities, and subsequently to built-up land. The policy intervention scenario, albeit less impactful in reflecting substantial land cover changes nationally, can facilitate swift commodity production. This study emphasizes the necessity of intensifying rather than expanding agricultural land.

Cytokine Adsorption During ExVivo Blood Perfusion Improves Contractility of Donation After Circulatory Death Hearts.

Donation after circulatory death (DCD) hearts have to withstand ischemia/reperfusion injury that is partially driven by proinflammatory cytokines and decreases ventricular contractility. We hypothesize that cytokine adsorption during normothermic exvivo blood perfusion of DCD hearts reduces the cytokine levels and improves ventricular contractility. Porcine DCD hearts were maintained 4 hours by exvivo blood perfusion with (DCD-BPCytoS, all groups: N=8) or without (DCD-BP) CytoSorb, followed by 2 hours reperfusion with fresh blood, including left ventricular functional analysis using a balloon catheter. In a control and a DCD group, hearts were evaluated after procurement. We determined lactate and cytokines after exvivo blood perfusion and the myocardial and left anterior descending artery transcriptome using microarrays after reperfusion. In DCD-BPCytoS, the developed pressure (control: 124±7 mm Hg/s, DCD: 86±4 mm Hg/s, DCD-BP: 69±11 mm Hg/s, DCD-BPCytoS: 112±9 mm Hg/s; P<0.05) and maximal slope of pressure increment (control: 2010±39 mm Hg/s, DCD: 1219±164 mm Hg/s, DCD-BP: 964±163 mm Hg/s, DCD-BPCytoS: 1794±205 mm Hg/s; P<0.05) were higher compared with DCD-BP and DCD hearts. However, contractility decreased later during reperfusion without CytoSorb. After 4 hours, troponin, lactate (45±5% versus 69±9%, P<0.05), IL (interleukin)-1β, -1ra, and -8 were lower in DCD-BPCytoS hearts. In the myocardium of DCD-BPCytoS compared with DCD-BP hearts, inflammatory mediator receptor activity/binding pathways were enriched, and pathways for collagen-containing extracellular matrix and contractile fiber were underrepresented. In the left anterior descending artery of DCD-BPCytoS hearts, serine/threonine/tyrosine kinase activity and wound-healing pathways were enriched, and mitochondrial protein-containing complex and respiratome-associated pathways were underrepresented. CytoSorb during exvivo blood perfusion enhances the maintenance of DCD hearts and is likely to improve graft function after transplantation.

Determining optimal pretreatment in cardiac surgery: an experimental study.

Heart failure patients with reduced ejection fraction are currently treated with four drug combinations: angiotensin receptor/neprilysin inhibitors, beta-blockers, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, and sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors, resulting in improved survival outcomes. Herein, we examined whether myocardial protection by esaxerenone or sacubitril/valsartan may present a counter-effect to the harm caused by cardioplegic arrest. Male Wistar rats fed a normal diet were orally administered esaxerenone (3mg/kg; Esax) or sacubitril/valsartan (68mg/kg; SaV) once a day for 2weeks from 6weeks of age. Age-matched, untreated male Wistar rats served as controls (Control). Isolated rat hearts were aerobically Langendorff-perfused and subjected to 2min of St Thomas' Hospital 2 cardioplegia (STH2) infusion and 28min of normothermic global ischemia followed by 60min of reperfusion. The recovery of function was measured during 60min of reperfusion. Additionally, troponin T levels were measured after reperfusion as myocardial injury. The final recovery of left ventricular developed pressure (presented as the percentage of preischemic value) in the Control, Esax, and SaV groups was 50.7 ± 6.2%, 68.5 ± 7.4%*, and 69.3 ± 14.3%*, respectively (*p < 0.05 vs. Control). Troponin T (ng per gram wet weight) levels in the Control, Esax, and SaV groups were 166.8 ± 78.1, 77.0 ± 14.6*, and 74.2 ± 36.6*, respectively (*p < 0.05 vs. Control). Oral administration of esaxerenone or sacubitril/valsartan to rats 2weeks prior to surgery enhanced the myocardial protection afforded by STH2 and may attenuate the myocardial injury caused by hyperkalemic cardioplegic arrest.

Performance evaluation of ALIP applying fully enclosed slot

ABSTRACT In nuclear energy systems, annular linear induction pump (ALIP) is regarded as an ideal device for transporting liquid metal. Developed pressure and efficiency are crucial indicators for evaluating performance of an ALIP, and enhancing these fac- tors is of utmost importance. This paper presents a 2D axisymmetric finite element method (FEM) model for efficiently predicting the performance of ALIP and a 3D FEM model to explore the implementation of a fully enclosed slot structure. The accuracy of the proposed models is validated by comparing the results with experimental data, complemented by empirical formulas in the post-processing phase. The continuous and discontinuous conditions of the pole pieces are analyzed using the 3D FEM, demonstrating that the fully enclosed slot structure can significantly enhance both developed pressure and efficiency, thereby improving the overall performance of the ALIP.

Analisis Yuridis terhadap Penegakan Hukum Alih Fungsi Ruang Terbuka Hijau di Kawasan Perkotaan

This study examines the issue of law enforcement related to the conversion of Green Open Spaces (GOS) in urban areas. Using a normative juridical research method with legislative and conceptual approaches, this research analyzes the implementation of Law No. 26 of 2007 on Spatial Planning, which mandates the availability of GOS at a minimum of 30% of the total urban area. The findings indicate that law enforcement in GOS conversion faces multiple challenges, including inconsistent regulatory implementation, budget constraints, weak inter-agency coordination, and obstacles in monitoring and enforcement. The pressures of urban facility development and population growth due to urbanization further complicate efforts to preserve GOS. Optimizing the role of local governments in GOS protection and management is carried out through the implementation of the Spatial and Regional Planning involving various related agencies. The Ministry of Environment’s Adipura Program also plays a role in promoting enhanced environmental management performance by adhering to eight essential criteria within legal products related to environmental and ecosystem protection. This study recommends strengthening the GOS management system through improved inter-agency coordination, adequate budget provision, and the consistent application of firm sanctions.

The LTAR Cropland Common Experiment at Lower Chesapeake Bay.

The Lower Chesapeake Bay (LCB) Long-Term Agroecosystem Research (LTAR) Common Experiment (CE) located in Beltsville, MD, focuses on research of concern to producers of the major regional crops, which are corn (Zea mays L.), soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), and various forage species. Livestock production in the region includes broiler and laying chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus L.) and dairy and beef cattle (Bos taurus L.). The LCB region is among the most heavily populated in the United States. Urban development pressure is high for both farms and natural areas. The need to restore Chesapeake Bay water quality is a major influence on regional agricultural practices. Conservation practices such as cover cropping, no-till agriculture, and nutrient management planning are more common in the region compared to nationally. However, farmers still face management challenges implementing practices that address water quality and the rise of herbicide-resistant weeds. Researchers at the LCB site recognize the need to protect the Chesapeake and Delaware Bays and maintain farmer profitability. The LCB CE compares a 3-year crop rotation system featuring alternative crop management (cover crop intensification, crop rotation diversification, and integrated weed management [IWM]) with a prevailing 2-year system (no cover crops and no IWM), both under continuous no-tillage, to identify the optimal balance to promote the sustainability of regional cropping systems. The LTAR LCB site provides data-driven tools and solutions to support farmers in the mid-Atlantic region.

A Well‐Advanced High‐Throughput Test System for Electrocatalytic Screening Applications Under Industrial Relevant Conditions – A Perspective to Accelerate Electrolysis Research and Development

ABSTRACTElectrolysis is a dynamic research area in which both mature and new promising processes, such as alkaline water electrolysis and electrochemical CO2 reduction, are under enormous development pressure due to their high relevance for the energy sector. High‐throughput (HT) technologies are efficient screening platforms that can accelerate research activities and significantly shorten development times. Over the past 25 years, various HT platforms have found their way into electrochemical research. These typically have one or more major disadvantages: they are characterized by abstract experimental conditions, designed for a specific application or process, or generate insufficiently comparable data. In this publication, we present a newly developed HT test system that enables the parallel operation of 16 electrochemical bench‐scale flow cells under industry‐relevant test conditions. The specially developed modular flow cell can be operated variably in the fully automated system and allows research into the most common applications in electrochemistry for many different processes with a focus on all relevant variants of water electrolysis and electrochemical CO2 reduction. Both the HT system and the developed flow cell are designed to accelerate the generation of reliably reproducible data with high comparability in order to strengthen scientific exchange. The fully automated process control, online analysis and programmable feedback loops of the HT test system provide great potential for the design of experiment strategies. The implementation of Design of Experiment strategies will maximize the testing efficiency of this innovative research system.

VFDB 2025: an integrated resource for exploring anti-virulence compounds.

With the escalating crisis of bacterial multidrug resistance, anti-virulence therapeutic strategies have emerged as a highly promising alternative to conventional antibiotic treatments. Anti-virulence compounds are specifically designed to target virulence factors (VFs), disarming pathogens without affecting bacterial growth and thus reduce the selective pressure for resistance development. However, due to the complexity of bacterial pathogenesis, no anti-virulence small molecules have been approved for clinical use thus far, despite the documentation of hundreds of potential candidates. To provide valuable reference resources for drug design, repurposing, and target selection, the virulence factor database (VFDB, http://www.mgc.ac.cn/VFs/) has systematically collected public data on anti-virulence compounds through extensive literature mining, and further integrated this information with its existing knowledge of bacterial VFs. To date, the VFDB has curated a comprehensive dataset of 902 anti-virulence compounds across 17 superclasses reported by 262 studies worldwide. By cross-linking the current knowledge of bacterial VFs with information on relevant compounds (e.g. classification, chemical structure, molecular targets and mechanisms of action), the VFDB aims to bridge the gap between chemists and microbiologists, providing crucial insights for the development of innovative and effective antibacterial therapies to combat bacterial infections and address antibiotic resistance.

The cardioprotective potential of soluble urokinase Plasminogen Activator Receptor (suPAR) in myocardial ischemia

Abstract Background and aims: Increased circulating soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) levels are associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes, however, any cardiovascular-related functions remain unknown. This study aimed to (i) document haemodynamic profiles in isolated rat hearts under the influence of suPAR, and to (ii) explore any mechanisms triggered by suPAR following myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion. Methods We undertook a 4-pronged approach (Figure 1). A Langendorff isolated rat heart model was used to perfuse all hearts with Krebs-Henseleit solution flowing retrogradely through the aorta at 37°C. A balloon inserted into the left ventricle allowed measurements of ventricular pressure, and a pressure transducer placed above the aorta recorded perfusion pressure for coronary flow rates. The experimental protocol consisted an initial 30-minute stabilisation period, followed by 40 minutes of ischemia via buffer flow cessation. Hearts were subsequently recovered during 90 minutes of reperfusion, receiving either suPAR treatment or perfusion buffer as controls. An inhibitor arm comprising co-infusion of suPAR and a monoclonal antibody capable of binding to suPAR was also assessed. Troponin T was measured in outflow perfusates collected at specific intervals. Proteins from hearts in treatment groups were separated using gel electrophoresis, with Western blotting to visualise the phosphorylation status of kinases (Akt, STAT). High-flow respirometry and fluorometry were investigated in cardiac mitochondria to determine respiration rates and ATP production in ischaemia reperfusion under the influence of suPAR. Statistical analysis was conducted with ANOVA using SPSS. Results Hearts receiving suPAR infusion at reperfusion (n = 16) showed a significant increase in developed pressure (p = .017) and lower perfusion pressure (p = .02) compared to controls (n = 16), revealing that suPAR-treated hearts recovered with better contractility and vasodilatory properties post-ischaemia. suPAR’s haemodynamic profiles in the antibody group were similar to controls, attenuating suPAR-induced effects (n = 8). Outflow effluents in suPAR-treated hearts obtained &amp;gt;3 fold lower serial Troponin T values than controls (p &amp;lt; .001). Heart tissues receiving suPAR treatment revealed a 1.7-fold increase in Akt (p = .001) and a 3.8-fold increase in STAT3 phosphorylation compared to controls (p &amp;lt; .001) and the inhibitor group (p = .04). Finally, suPAR increased mitochondrial ATP production by 28% (p = .013) compared to controls after ischaemia. Conclusion This is a world-first demonstration of suPAR’s cardioprotective influences in isolated rat hearts recovering from ischaemia. suPAR’s ability to promote cardiac contractility and vasodilation was associated with lesser injury as shown by Troponin T reduction. Mechanistically, suPAR infusion upregulated two key cardioprotective pathways, which may also function to protect cardiac mitochondria.Figure 1 - Schematic of Methods

The Impact of Occupational Pressure on Integrated Education among Kindergarten Teachers

Due to the complexity and specificity of the physical and mental development of special needs children, there are significant individual differences that require special school teachers to put in more effort in their work. However, due to the imbalance between the actual teaching effectiveness of teachers and their efforts, they are prone to negative psychological states such as occupational burnout and self-doubt. With the increasing professional pressure of kindergarten teachers, it affects the implementation of integrated education. Integrated education aims to promote mutual understanding and respect among children with different abilities and backgrounds. However, in reality, current preschool teachers are facing issues such as diverse needs of young children, insufficient teaching resources, and career development pressures, which affect teaching effectiveness and learning outcomes for young children. Therefore, it is necessary for the education department and all sectors of society to pay attention, solve problems, achieve the goal of integrated education, and enable children to grow up in a good environment.

Amazonian conservation across archipelagos of Indigenous territories.

Indigenous stewardship is essential to the conservation of biocultural diversity, yet conventional conservation models often treat Indigenous territories (ITs) as homogeneous or isolated units. We propose that archipelagos of Indigenous territories (AITs), clusters of ITs that span geographies but are connected through shared cultural or political ties maintained by Indigenous nations, are crucial for understanding and enhancing conservation strategies that recognize the complexity of Indigenous stewardship. We classified 3572 ITs in the Amazon into 4 categories-single or multiple nations with either singular IT or AIT-to assess their spatial heterogeneity, governance, and conservation potential. We then assessed species richness, carbon stocks, and pressures across these different categories. To examine how AITs can enhance biocultural conservation efforts, we conducted a case study of the Cofán Nation in Ecuador. AITs covered 45% of the Amazonian land area and had higher species richness and carbon stocks than single IT configurations. However, AITs faced greater pressures from development and extractive activities. In the case study, the Cofán AIT was shaped by colonization and land titling challenges, but their community-driven governance, cross-territorial collaboration, and adaptive responses-such as comanagement agreements and resisting extractive activities-enhanced their ecological and cultural resilience amid growing development pressures. Our findings suggest that AITs facilitate the exchange of resources, knowledge, and cultural practices, which strengthens social connectivity, reinforces governance structures, and enables adaptive management across ITs, thereby enhancing biocultural resilience across discontinuous spaces. This work advocates for a paradigm shift in conservation planning and practice that recognizes the vital role of AITs in sustaining Amazonian ecosystems and Indigenous lifeways, particularly in the face of increasing pressures.

Normothermic Ex Vivo Heart Perfusion With Exosomes From Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells Improves Graft Function in Donation After Circulatory Death Hearts.

This study aimed to investigate the cardioprotective effect of exosomes derived from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells on donation after circulatory death (DCD) hearts preserved with normothermic ex vivo heart perfusion (EVHP) in a rat heart transplantation model. Thirty-two male Lewis rats were divided into 2 groups: the control group and the exosome group. The donor-heart rats were subjected to the DCD procedure by suffering a 15-min warm ischemia injury, subsequently preserved with EVHP for 90 min, and then transplanted into recipients via abdominal heterotopic heart transplantation. Vehicle or exosome was added into the perfusate of normothermic EVHP in the control or exosome group. We evaluated left ventricular graft function, myocardial inflammation, and myocardial apoptosis of the donor heart 1.5 h after heart transplantation. Furthermore, we investigate the alternation of myocardial gene expression in the donor hearts between both groups by transcriptome sequencing. The treatment with exosome significantly enhanced cardiac function through increasing left ventricular developed pressure, dp/dt max , and dp/dt min of DCD hearts at 90 min after heart transplantation compared with the control group. The myocardial cells in the exosome group exhibited an orderly arrangement without obvious edema. Furthermore, exosome added into perfusate in the exosome group significantly attenuated the level of inflammatory response and apoptosis. Transcriptome sequencing and RT-qPCR showed the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B pathway was activated after exosome treatment. Normothermic EVHP combined with exosome can be a promising and novel DCD heart preservation strategy, alleviating myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in the DCD heart.

High-Performance Flexible Pressure Sensor with Micropyramid Structure for Human Motion Signal Detection and Electromagnetic Interference Shielding.

Flexible pressure sensors have a wide range of applications in the field of human motion signal detection, but the electromagnetic radiation generated during the monitoring process has become an unavoidable problem. Nowadays, it is still a challenge to develop high-performance pressure sensors with excellent electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding performance. Herein, the Ti3C2TX MXene/carbon fiber/multiwalled carbon nanotube/polydimethylsiloxane (MXene/CMP) films with a micropyramidal structure were developed by the technology of vacuum high-temperature hot pressing and spray deposition. Benefiting from the dielectric loss of the conductive fillers and the presence of the microstructure, the MXene/CMP film exhibits excellent EMI shielding performance, and the EMI shielding efficiency (SE) can reach 49.37 dB. Besides, the introduction of CF effectively improves the mechanical properties of the MXene/CMP films, and the MXene nanosheets deposited on the surface of the film can reduce stress concentration, which in turn delays the expansion of cracks. Furthermore, the MXene/CMP sensor exhibits high sensitivity (89.76 kPa-1) and fast response/recovery time (61/60 ms). The deformation of microstructure and the construction of conductive networks enable the sensor to realize the monitoring of human motion signals (such as finger bending, knee bending, wrist bending, etc.). Meanwhile, the sensor maintains sensing stability even after 2000 pressure cycles, which can be attributed to the improvement in mechanical properties. In summary, the developed high-performance flexible pressure sensor with micropyramid structure has great application prospects in wearable devices and healthcare.

Assessing the political vulnerability of National Parks in sub‐Saharan Africa using data on digital trends and engagement

Abstract National Parks (NPs) and other protected areas in sub‐Saharan Africa are crucial in attracting international tourists interested in wildlife tourism, contributing to national economies. Despite their cultural, economic, and conservation significance, these areas face diverse development threats, leading to pressures for protected area downgrading, downsizing, or degazettement (known as PADDD). We comprehensively analyse the geographical, historical, and structural aspects of 322 NPs in sub‐Saharan Africa and assess their political vulnerability by exploring the interplay of development pressures and public interest (as measured through Wikipedia page views). Fewer than 30% of these NPs possess or report information regarding management plans, even among the five most frequently viewed areas on Wikipedia. This is particularly concerning, since among those who underwent a PADDD event (51 NPs), almost 90% of them also had no information about the existence of management plans. Although we did not identify a statistically significant association between tourism and public interest online, tourism emerges as a potential mitigating factor against PADDD, along with high levels of peace. NPs that garner significant public interest online do not share the same socio‐geographic profile as parks that are most resilient to PADDD events. While digital metrics of public interest have potential as indicators of political resilience in NP, our research has shown that these metrics need refinement to fully understand which biophysical and cultural aspects of parks attract more public attention. Overall, effective conservation strategies in sub‐Saharan Africa require a more holistic understanding of historical, socio‐economic, and cultural factors. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.

Distribution and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profile of Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase Producing-Escherichia coli from Ruminants in Maiduguri, Nigeria: Public Health Implications

Extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing Escherichia coli (E. coli) is resistant to many antibiotics, including cephalosporins and penicillin. The emergence of ESBL-E. coli poses a threat to the entire animal and human community, not just individuals with direct exposure to ruminants but also to the environment. The study evaluated the isolation rate and antimicrobial susceptibility profile of ESBL-producing E. coli from 128 ruminants in the University of Maiduguri campus. E. coli was isolated from 32 (25%) of the rectal swabs collected from cattle, goats, and sheep. ESBL-producing E. coli was more common in young animals 8(30.8%) than in adult animals 12 (11.8%). More than 80% of the isolates were resistant to all of the beta-lactam antibiotics used in the study. The study suggests that the high prevalence of ESBL-producing E. coli in ruminants may be associated with the unregulated use of beta-lactam antibiotics in veterinary practice and animal husbandry. We recommend public health awareness about the dangers of antimicrobial resistance. Also, continued monitoring of BL-E. coli prevalence in both animals and humans is crucial to track trends and guide interventions. Promoting the judicious use of antibiotics in both human and veterinary medicine is essential to reduce selective pressure for resistance development. Improved hygiene practices at farms, slaughterhouses, and food processing facilities can minimize contamination and human exposure.

Calculation Method for Bottomhole Flow Pressure in Co-layer Development of Multilayer Sandstone Reservoir

Abstract Accurately calculating the bottom hole flow pressure of a multi-layer stacked sandstone reservoir (hereinafter referred to as a multi-layer reservoir) is the basis for production splitting, oil well dynamic analysis, and reasonable work system determination in the development of multi-layer reservoirs. The bottomhole flow pressure model for single-layer oil reservoirs does not consider interlayer interference and the pressure drop caused by fluid flow in the wellbore, which doesn’t comply with the characteristics of multi-layer combined production, and the use of the maximum bottomhole flow pressure of the oil layer as the bottomhole flow pressure of each oil layer to adjust the production system of each oil layer doesn’t meet the requirements of other oil layer regulation. Firstly, starting from fluid mechanics, the frictional effect generated by fluid flow in the wellbore is systematically considered, and the relationship between wellbore frictional pressure drop and flow distance is established. The pressure drop formula generated by fluid flow in the wellbore is derived; Secondly, from the perspective of seepage mechanics, a formula for the bottom hole flow pressure of a single-layer reservoir was obtained. Combined with the expression for the difference in bottom hole flow pressure of each oil layer in the development of a multi-layer reservoir and the pressure drop expression for fluid flow in the wellbore, a bottom hole flow pressure model for each oil layer in the development of a multi-layer reservoir was established (hereinafter referred to as the multi-layer reservoir bottom hole flow pressure model). Substitute various parameters into the bottomhole flow pressure model of multi-layer oil reservoirs, and the error between the calculated values and the actual test values in the field is 0.10%~1.30%, with an average error of 0.82%, meeting the actual needs of the site. There is a significant difference in the bottom hole flow pressure values of each oil layer in the co production reservoir. The multi layer reservoir bottom hole flow pressure model can accurately calculate the bottom hole flow pressure of each oil layer, avoiding the inability to accurately adjust the production system of multiple oil layers for the same bottom hole flow pressure. It can provide technical support for the development of a reasonable drainage system for on-site co production oil wells and the realization of high and stable production.

The Development of a Comprehensive Dimensions Scale for Assessing Clinical Teachers' Occupational Well-Being.

In Taiwanese clinical and healthcare environments, there is a dearth of appropriate and effective tools to evaluate clinical teachers' occupational well-being. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a culturally adapted scale, a Taiwanese version of the Clinical Teachers' Occupational Well-Being Dimensions Scale (CTOWDS), to accurately measure the occupational well-being of clinical teachers in Taiwan. Following a comprehensive literature review and expert panel discussions, the study developed the CTOWDS and conducted exploratory factor analysis (EFA) with 346 participants using SPSS to identify its underlying dimensional structure and psychometric properties. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was then performed with 255 participants using AMOS to validate the EFA results. The study also assessed internal consistency, convergent and discriminant validities, and goodness-of-fit indexes to ensure that the scale was valid and reliable in the Taiwanese cultural setting. The EFA refined the scale from 51 to 29 items across five dimensions: personal qualities (11 items), academic research and career development pressure (6 items), teaching experience (4 items), learning experience (4 items), and teaching and communication pressure (4 items). These five dimensions explained 65.279% of the total variance. The CFA confirmed the five dimensions and 29 items, with good convergent and discriminant validities, goodness-of-fit indexes, and Cronbach's alpha values exceeding 0.70. The findings affirm the utility of the developed CTOWDS as a reliable and culturally relevant instrument for assessing the occupational well-being of clinical teachers.