Development Of Working Capacity Research Articles

Modern approaches to enhancing general physical work capacity of cadets in the process of their physical training

The problems of finding the most effective means and methods that will promote the development of physical work capacity of the cadetss and allow to prepare a highly skilled specialist, have been determined and revealed. The problems of definition of the concept, means and methods of development of work capacity of cadets in the educational process of profile institutions of higher education have been considered. The physical qualities of the cadets, which will influence the increase of the level of work capacity in the process of physical culture training have been determined. The activities of cadets during the training day have been analyzed. Objectives. To determine the optimal approaches to increasing the level of physical fitness and work capacity of cadets. Methods. Surveys, questionnaires, observations, analysis of the results. Results. The main factors influencing the general work capacity of the cadets, the factors influencing the peculiarities of conducting educational and labour day on the state of health of the cadets were revealed, and the most effective means and methods of their physical training were determined. To solve the problem of maintaining health and raising the level of workability, a concept was proposed for creating a system of professionally oriented on-learning process aimed at creating a healthy lifestyle.

Physical Work Capacity of Young Greco-Roman Wrestlers on the Background of their Somatic Development

On the basis of studies of 210 Greco-Roman wrestlers aged 11—18 the impact of training loads and sports selectionin the above sports event upon physical development and general work capacity of young athletes have beendetermined.Besides, age dynamics of changes of the major somatic indices (body length and mass) as well as physical workcapacity at the stage of initial and basic sports preparation has been determined.The studies have resulted in the determination of specific for Greco-Roman wrestlers changes in the examined indicesand development of evaluation scale of general physical work capacity.On the basis of findings we may conclude that Greco-Roman wrestling has a positive influence on developing body.In most cases mean values of examined somatic indices exceed those of children not engaged in sports as well aschildren practising other sports events. This sports event may be considered as a good means stimulating physicaldevelopment of children and youth.The age of 11—15 has turned to be the period of the greatest structural and functional changes in their ontogenesis.During this period the greatest rate of development is peculiar for body mass and height (11—12 years — mass 16%,length 6%; 14—15 years — mass 25%, length 6%), whereas development of work capacity occurs evenly. Along withrelative stabilization of the rate of body mass and height development beginning from the age of 16 high rate of workcapacity development is observed.Keywords: Greco-Roman wrestling, somatic development, performance abilities.

Prognosis in alcoholic rehabilitation: the relative significance of social, psychological, and medical factors.

The aim was to elucidate the relative importance of a wide range of patient characteristics (social, psychological, and medical factors) in prediction of alcoholic posttreatment functioning. The development of working capacity was recorded for 34 advanced alcoholics during 2 years subsequent to rehabilitation. The results indicated that external social characteristics, psychiatric symptoms, and alcohol-related medical symptoms were almost insignificant as predictors. However, two groups of significant psychological factors emerged (loneliness-low self-esteem, together with indolence-lassitude). The few social predictors indicated that the way of using alcohol (more extraverted and observable) was associated with a negative prognosis.

Population aspects of human working capacity.

Population measurements of human physical working capacity are reviewed. Problems of technique include an appropriate sample size, allowance of sampling bias, selection of an appropriate criterion of working capacity, and standardization of test methodology. The impact of constitution has been studied in terms of overall variance of data, frequencies of genetic markers, and twin sibling studies. Environmental experiments have compared similar races in different environments and vice versa. Athletes have been examined as examples of a combined genotypic and phenotypic response. Adaptations to the environment include adverse climate (extremes of heat, cold, rain and drought), hilly terrain and extreme high altitudes; an enhanced working capacity in hilly districts and circumpolar regions probably reflects vigorous daily activity. Socio-economic determinants of working capacity include nutrition, family size, chronic disease, and daily activity. Population differences in the course of growth and ageing seem to reflect differences of nutrition and daily activity. Population scientists have yet to define clearly the relative importance of phenotypic and genotypic adaptation in the development of working capacity; however, studies arising from the International Biological Programme have made valuable contributions to both test methodology and the understanding of interactions between man and his environment.