Development Of Research Universities Research Articles

Challenges and developments in university research in Cambodia: a case study of two universities

AbstractIn recent years, university research in Cambodia has seen new developments and potential transformations although many challenges remain. Drawing on data from in-depth interviews with 22 Cambodian academics, this study shows that the development of university research in Cambodia is constrained by various challenges and barriers to research, preventing Cambodia from promoting higher education internationalization and transforming itself into a knowledge-based society. The study highlights key challenges that limit possibilities for further positive developments of higher education research and suggests the need for policy reforms to make a difference to the university research landscape in Cambodia. The study also points to the broader issues of North-South knowledge divide and calls for national and institutional initiatives to support Cambodian academics and empower them to enhance their research engagement. Finally, the study discusses implications for future research.

GLOBAL TRENDS AND COMPLEMENTARY EFFECTS OF THE WORLD CLASS RESEARCH UNIVERSITY

In this article modern trends and complementary effects of development of the world class research universities are analysed thoroughly; current problems and opportunities to ensure activation of development of the world class research universities in the context of the best European practice implementation are highlighted. Modern practice of universities international ranking with the development of appropriate quantitative and qualitative indicators of their educational and scientific activities has enabled the identification of quality references of development which are world class research universities. In these universities new horizons of human development are being opened up and imperatives for advancement of all universities around the world are being established. It is stated in SCImago Institutions Rankings (SIR) that the number of scientific organisations in different countries has increased by one third over the last ten years. Moreover, it is the research universities are represented in half of the scientific organisations. Research universities and scientific organisations of health care are the majority of world`s scientific organisations, namely it is three quarters of the total number. Half of Ukrainian scientific organisations presented in SIR 2019 are research universities, there is Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv among them that has the highest ratings. Consequently, tool of SCImago Institutions Rankings (SIR) made it possible to justify the conclusion about transformation of research universities into a dominant institute in the modern field of R&D. Comparative analysis of the world class research universities testified that research activity vector is oriented on solution of current global problems that forms international reference status of universities. The strengths of global leaders among world class research universities and their competitive advantages are manifested through comparative analysis of macro-economic indicators of TOP-100 research universities development quality. The analysis of global trends and complementary effects of world class research universities economic development makes it possible to justify the selection of important indicators of the development quality, such as: academic reputation; number of foreign students; structural relation between the number of students and the number of scientific and teaching staff; reputation among employers, quality improvement and increasing the citation rate of academic publications of university researchers; enlarged participation at international educational and scientific networks of other countries and continents. It is also noticed establishment of structural disproportions in the training of specialists with higher education in Ukraine and reorientation of applicants and students to world class universities against the background of a general decline in the number of applicants in the EU countries. Key words: research university, development of research university, world class university, the concept of rating of research universities, information society, global trends, complementary effects

PEMBELAJARAN BERBASIS RISET SEBAGAI PONDASI MENUJU RESEARCH UNIVERSITY

Abstract
 The efficiency of the research and learning process at research universities must be considered. That is, how the focus of research dharma carried out by universities is able to synergize in supporting the learning process. When dharma research and education and teaching are able to work together, the task of the lecturer will be more efficient. The results of research findings or literature reviews conducted by lecturers are the material in the learning process. This will help lecturers to finalize their research as well as learning for students in planning and carrying out good research. Both synergies are the framework for the development of research universities. Research-based learning uses several strategies in research integration in lectures. The strategy has been implemented at Griffith University Australia, namely: 1) enriching teaching materials with the results of lecturer research, 2) using the latest research findings, 3) enriching learning activities with research issues contemporary, 4) teaching the research methodology material in the learning process, 5) enriching the learning process with small-scale research activities, 6) enriching the learning process by involving students in institutional research activities, 7) enriching the learning process by encouraging students to feel being part of the research culture at the faculty/ department, 8) enriching the learning process with values that must be possessed by researchers. The model and implementation of PBR in lectures is carried out by applying several strategies with three stages. The first and second stage is the integration of research in lectures, namely the development of research insights and lecture research products. The third stage is the accelerating step towards research universities, namely by developing further research from the first and second stages. The product of further research development is expected to be able to become teaching material in lectures. PBR is expected to make higher education truly present as an academic institution that produces theory and technology, by fully involving lecturers and students in initiation, design, study, inference, validation, and even publication.
 
 Keywords: learning, research, research university.

The Legal Support for the Institutional Formation and Development of Research Universities in Ukraine

The Legal Support for the Institutional Formation and Development of Research Universities in Ukraine

Web Information System for the Governance of University Research

Technology development has proved crucial in analyzing and processing the volume of scientific information that is generated today. Governments are developing scientific and technical information systems that, beyond a database, are a real tool for supporting research management and decision-making in the field of science and technology policy. For the development of higher education in Morocco, the ministry has focused on projects for the management and development of university research. For this purpose, Abdelmalek Essaadi University developed an efficient application dedicated to the management of collaborative extranet called SIMarech (Moroccan Information System of Scientific Research), in order to support, organize and structure all academic activities. It will enable all university stakeholders to use a digital workspace specific to their roles, to access and share information, and interact and engage in national scientific research. This article presents an overview of research management systems and the design and development of SIMarech, which is designed as a tool for monitoring research conducted by a university or other institutions.

The hurdles to fostering research in Tanzanian universities

Universities across the world are normally called upon to be innovative and generate relevant knowledge to address context-related issues afflicting society. This central role of universities notwithstanding, the involvement in research by African universities and academics, has been minimal when compared with other universities and academics in other parts of the world. This raises the question of what is exactly happening in the region’s universities regarding the development of research. As such, this study establishes the hurdles of developing university research in Tanzania, which directly falls within the wider expectations of developing a research culture in developing countries. The study involved higher education policy makers, senior university leaders and academic staff members who were sourced from four universities and two non-university institutions which oversee the Tanzania’s higher education sector. Based on interviews and document analyses, the study has established various hurdles, ranging from cultural, political and structural to institutional. The study situates the hurdles and associated debilitating effects in the broader African and developing world context that share similar social, educational, political and economic characteristics to that of Tanzania. Additionally, the study adds to the existing body of knowledge on university research development in developing countries’ higher education systems.

A Cultural Ambassador East and West: J. Hillis Miller’s Lectures in China

A Cultural Ambassador East and West: J. Hillis Miller’s <i>Lectures in China</i>

An institutional perspective of knowledge transfer within university and industry alliance

University to industry knowledge transfer within university-industry alliance has become an essential element of the research endeavours both in academic institutions and industrial sectors. It contributes significant resources, not only financial resources but also intellectual resources, to the companies related. By managing it, they expected to invest on the development of university research and business research capabilities on current research strength, and to link the research strength to solve the problem within the industry which leads to the improvement of performance, not only of the companies, but also the academic institutions' performance. This paper discusses and develops some propositions of university to industry knowledge transfer within university and industry alliance that explain antecedents (knowledge attributes, organisational attributes, network attributes) and consequence of university to industry knowledge transfer and the role of uncertainties that might affect the relationship between university to industry knowledge transfer and the alliance performance. Institutional perspective is used to develop some proposition to explain the relationships between variables in the proposed framework of university to industry knowledge transfer.

An institutional perspective of knowledge transfer within university and industry alliance

University to industry knowledge transfer within university-industry alliance has become an essential element of the research endeavours both in academic institutions and industrial sectors. It contributes significant resources, not only financial resources but also intellectual resources, to the companies related. By managing it, they expected to invest on the development of university research and business research capabilities on current research strength, and to link the research strength to solve the problem within the industry which leads to the improvement of performance, not only of the companies, but also the academic institutions' performance. This paper discusses and develops some propositions of university to industry knowledge transfer within university and industry alliance that explain antecedents (knowledge attributes, organisational attributes, network attributes) and consequence of university to industry knowledge transfer and the role of uncertainties that might affect the relationship between university to industry knowledge transfer and the alliance performance. Institutional perspective is used to develop some proposition to explain the relationships between variables in the proposed framework of university to industry knowledge transfer.

Exploration of the role of business schools in the development of world-class research universities

The object of research is the activity of 25 leading business schools in the world, functioning in the structure of research universities and contributing to their comprehensive development. One of the most problematic places is the question of further studying and in-depth analysis of the role of business schools in shaping the competitive advantages of research universities in the global environment.In the course of the research, the rating indicators of QS Global MBA Rankings were used, which includes 232 world-class business schools. To analyze the best 25 business schools in the world, scientific methods were used: generalization, analysis, synthesis, graphical method, and a comparison method.It is determined that the spheres of influence of business schools on the development of research universities are focused on: obtaining a significant financial resource; updating of intellectual potential and maintenance of a high level of entrepreneurial activity of students. This is due to the fact that the ratio of higher education expenditures to research and development work in the EU and the world has tendencies of substantial underfunding.The differences in the TOP 25 business schools of research universities in the world are systematized, characterized by significantly different training costs and the timing of the full cycle of MBA programs.The main regularities, which consist in the revealed systemic character of the recruitment process in the business schools of research universities and the preparation of people with creative entrepreneurial thinking are identified. This has a number of features, in particular in:– differentiation of payment and offers of alternative sources;– application of the principle – training in the process of work;– focusing on the development of comprehensive competencies in leadership;– preparation for work in complex, unfavorable situations caused by instability, limited resources and time;– opportunities for additional training or practice in partner business schools in other countries or on other continents.Thanks to this, it is ensured that MBA students receive a key competence – an entrepreneurial type of thinking. Compared with similar known traditional models of development of research universities, this ensures the renewal of the scientific potential of research universities and provides opportunities for increasing competitiveness at the global level

Serum Adipokines and Metabolic Syndrome Risk Factors in Hispanic Children

Childhood obesity is a relatively new but growing epidemic in the Unites States, with 1 in 5 children currently classified as obese. Obese children are at a significantly higher risk for developing many types of cancers, cardiovascular disease, diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome (MetS). This project is focused on understanding the associations between adipose tissue health and adipose tissue‐derived secreted factors/hormones/cytokines (hereafter referred to as adipokines) and obesity and MetS in young children. Adiponectin, Leptin, and C1q TNF Related Protein 3 (CTRP3) are all adipokines which have been linked to human health, but have not been explored in children with MetS.METHODSAnthropomorphic measurements and blood collections were performed at a well child visit for Hispanic children aged 2–10 years. Lipid panel was completed at a clinical laboratory facility. Multiplex analysis (Bio‐Plex Multiplex System) was used to measure adiponectin, insulin, and leptin level. Circulating CTRP3 levels were determined by ELISA (enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay). Risk factors for MetS were established as follows: abdominal obesity, elevated blood pressure, elevated triglycerides, low HDL and elevated plasma glucose concentrations. Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated for continuous variables and Spearman rank‐order correlation was performed for categorical variables to evaluate associations between adipokines and risk factors for MetS.RESULTSBriefly, 44 of 114 Hispanic children had 2 or more risk factors for the development of MetS. The association between Adiponectin levels, glucose, insulin, total triglyceride and Body Mass Index (BMI) trended towards significance (P&gt;0.08), whereas leptin was significantly positively associated with BMI. CTRP3 levels were not associated with any individual measure variable, but were negatively associated with the presence of 2 or more risks factors for MetS.CONCLUSIONAdipose tissue secretes many bioactive molecules that circulate in blood, and dysregulation of adipose tissue endocrine function may promote the occurrence of MetS. The data presented in this project demonstrate the association between adipokines and MetS.Support or Funding InformationThis research was supported in part National Institute On Alcohol Abuse And Alcoholism of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number R03AA023612, Tennessee Board of Regents Diversity Research Grant (2014–2015), and by the East Tennessee State University Research Development Committee (E82262).

The political economy of Russian higher education: why does Putin support research universities?

This article argues that Vladimir Putin's regime launched support programs for the leading Russian universities in 2005 because of a perceived threat of the political mobilization of youth, similar to the one that triggered “color revolutions” in Serbia, Georgia, and Ukraine. The support programs created cleavages in the university community, covered an attack on university autonomy, and made the containment of possible anti-regime student mobilization a part of an implicit agreement between the regime and the universities. The historical coincidence of the “demographic hole,” which caused a shrinkage of the higher education market, and high oil prices, which provided the necessary resources for the regime, made this implicit agreement possible. The article contributes to the research on authoritarianism, youth mobilization, authoritarian backlash after the color revolutions, and the development of research universities in Russia.

Cultured milk bacterial isolates survive well in digestive tract conditions and could be potential probiotic candidates (1118.4)

Probiotics are viable non‐pathogenic microbes that positively affect host health. Our goal is to understand the influence of probiotics on the intestinal barrier function. In this study bacterial isolates from traditional cultured milk from Kenya were screened for their ability to withstand digestive tract conditions and thence their potential as probiotic candidates. Bacteria in the sample were isolated and identified by single colony PCR sequence match analysis of the 16s rRNA gene. Identified isolates included Lactobacillus spp (6 isolates), Acetobacter spp (2 isolates), Bacillus spp (2 isolates) and 1 Staphylococcus sp. Isolates were examined for acid stability over a 3‐h period, acid and/or bile stability over a 9‐h period, antimicrobial activity, and antibiotic sensitivity to ampicillin, bacitracin, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, kanamycin, penicillin, streptomycin and tetracycline. Two Lactobacillus spp isolates were stable in acid and/or bile, showed antimicrobial activity against K. pneumonia and P. aeruginosa and were sensitive to erythromycin, kanamycin, streptomycin and tetracycline. The remaining 4 Lactobacillus isolates were unstable in acid and/or bile, showed antimicrobial activity against K. pneumonia and P. aeruginosa and were sensitive to all tested antibiotics. The Bacillus spp isolates were acid and/or bile stable, showed no antimicrobial activity, and were susceptible to all the tested antibiotics. The Staphylococcus sp and 2 Acetobacter spp were acid and bile unstable and did not have antimicrobial activity and were sensitive to the antibiotics tested. In conclusion, the Lactobacillus isolates that showed stability in acid/bile conditions, demonstrated antimicrobial activity and were sensitive to antibiotics could be potential probiotic candidates.Grant Funding Source: East Tennessee State University Research Development Committee Small Grants Program

Studies examining grammar interventions with children with Speech Language Impairment in situ are critical to establishing effectiveness

This review provides a summary and appraisal commentary on the treatment review by Smith-Lock, K., Leitao, S., Lambert, L., & Nickels, L. (2013). Effective intervention for expressive grammar in children with specific language impairment. International Journal of Language and Communication Disorders, 48, 265–282.Source of funding and disclosure of interest: The work was funded by a Macquarie University Research Development Grant and the Australian Research Council Center of Excellence for Cognition and its Disorders. Original authors reported that there were no conflicts of interest.

An analysis of the issues in developing research universities in China

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to find out the problems in the contemporary development of Chinese research universities and think about relevant measures and policy for promotion.Design/methodology/approachAfter over 20 years practice, China has made quite significant achievements in developing research universities, yet there are still some issues that exist. Analyzing the issues and the effects of existing policies for construction and development of China's research universities, and looking back at practices guided by these polices, the study proposes new dimensions in the measures and policies, on the bases of the achievements that have been made.FindingsThis paper analyzes the current situation of China's research university development and reveals that the critical issues, such as faculty qualities, academic freedom, post‐graduate education, initiative research outcome, and internationalization, etc. must be highlighted and solved.Originality/valueTo further progress it is important to analyze the problems of developing research university development in the existing higher education system. The policy implication of this paper lies in that the results can be a reference for policy makers and the HEI administrations.

Грамматика печаλи1

A. Shmelev and M. Kalyuga: The Grammar of Sadness This paper is devoted to studying words referring to sadness in Russian: grust' and pečal' and their derivatives. The research is based on the principles of “neo-Moscow” school of conceptual analysis. The paper shows that an important difference between grust' and pečal' is that grust' is a mood while pečal' is an emotional state. The article considers main characteristics of grust' and pečal', such as their duration, depth and intensity, and explains the use of these words and their derivatives in various combinations. It also demonstrates that in certain contexts, grustit' can refer to related moods, such as displeasure, boredom, compassion and repentance, while pečalit' sja sometimes includes disappointment and frustration. 1 This work was supported by the Macquarie University Research Development Grant.

Commercial Development of University Research: The Role of Patents

Abstract This paper analyzes how university patents encourage university-firm collaboration for technology transfer. Focusing on factors other than competition, I find that the two may not collaborate either because the firm finds in-house development cheaper, or because of a disagreement about the potential product's profitability. In both cases, university patents can encourage collaboration by increasing the invention's diffusion time, and therefore play a role even in the absence of any competition. The model also suggests instances in which we can expect to see a greater impact of university patents on collaboration. Even when patents increase collaboration, they do not necessarily increase welfare. The findings are relevant for the debates on the Bayh-Dole Act, which gave universities a blanket right to patent and license inventions resulting from federally funded research.

Commercial Development of University Research: The Role of Patents

This paper analyzes how university patents encourage university-firm collaboration for technology transfer. Focusing on factors other than competition, I find that the two may not collaborate either because the firm finds in-house development cheaper, or because of a disagreement about the potential product's profitability. In both cases, university patents can encourage collaboration by increasing the invention's diffusion time, and therefore play a role even in the absence of any competition. The model also suggests instances in which we can expect to see a greater impact of university patents on collaboration. Even when patents increase collaboration, they do not necessarily increase welfare. The findings are relevant for the debates on the Bayh-Dole Act, which gave universities a blanket right to patent and license inventions resulting from federally funded research.

Exercise Mediates The Association Between Sleep Quality And Restless Legs Syndrome Severity

Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a neuromuscular condition that affects approximately 10% of the general population. Cross-sectional studies have reported an association between RLS syndrome and sleep impairments and physical inactivity. There has been some epidemiological evidence of a link between increased exercise and improved sleep quality in the general population; however it is unknown if such a relationship exists with RLS. Purpose To evaluate the relationship between RLS severity and sleep quality in adults with RLS. METHODS This analysis included 23 participants (11 men, 12 women) that completed a randomized controlled trial including aerobic and resistance training exercises. Eleven individuals were randomized to the exercise group (EXER) and 12 were randomized to the control group (CONT). EXER participants completed 3 sessions per week for 12 weeks. RLS severity was assessed using a standardized scale ranging from 0 to 40, with higher scores indicating more severe symptoms. Sleep quality was measured using a standardized self-report tool, and average sleep time per night was used an indicator of sleep quality. Physical activity was assessed using the CHAMPS physical activity questionnaire for older adults. All measures were obtained at baseline and at 12-week follow-up. RESULTS No significant differences between the groups for any variables were noted at baseline. At follow-up EXER participants reported significantly lower RLS severity (12±2) than CONT participants (22±6, p<0.01). CONT sleep time did not change significantly; however, there was a trend for an increase in EXER sleep time (5.7 v. 7.0 hours, p=0.05). There was a significant association between change in RLS severity and change in sleep time (r=−0.52, p=0.02); however, this association was not significant when change in moderate intensity exercise frequency was controlled for (r=−0.131, p=0.72). CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that moderate intensity exercise articipation mediates the association between RLS severity and sleep quality. This research was supported by the East Tennessee State University Research Development Committee.

Suiting Ourselves: Research Governance in a New Generation University

We explore research governance through the case of a new generation university, identifying faultlines, tensions and possibilities in the gender regimes shaping participation in research and research management. The university compares well with other Australian universities for the number of women at senior levels, but has it required women to “pose” as men in order to achieve those aspirations? The university's research development is mixed, with a lack of research depth that is, in part, an effect of gender – unrealised research potential in “pink pockets” of teaching and nursing, though there are similar underperforming “blue pockets” such as accounting. The paper explores gender equity politics in relation to the consequences of a contradiction between a mission and history that value teaching and a policy environment that valorises research.