Development Of Training Package Research Articles

Use of reporting templates for chest radiographs in a coronavirus disease 2019 context: measuring concordance of radiologists with three international templates.

Reporting templates for chest radiographs (CXRs) for patients presenting or being clinically managed for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 [coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)] has attracted advocacy from international radiology societies. We aim to explore the effectiveness and useability of three international templates through the concordance of, and between, radiologists reporting on the presence and severity of COVID-19 on CXRs. Seventy CXRs were obtained from a referral hospital, 50 from patients with COVID-19 (30 rated "classic" COVID-19 appearance and 20 "indeterminate") and 10 "normal" and 10 "alternative pathology" CXRs. The recruited radiologists were assigned to three test sets with the same CXRs but with different template orders. Each radiologist read their test set three times and assigned a classification to the CXR using the Royal Australian New Zealand College of Radiology (RANZCR), British Society of Thoracic Imaging (BSTI), and Modified COVID-19 Reporting and Data System (Dutch; mCO-RADS) templates. Inter-reader variability and intra-reader variability were measured using Fleiss' kappa coefficient. Twelve Australian radiologists participated. The BSTI template had the highest inter-reader agreement (0.46; "moderate" agreement), followed by RANZCR (0.45) and mCO-RADS (0.32). Concordance was driven by strong agreement in "normal" and "alternative" classifications and was lowest for "indeterminate." General consistency was observed across classifications and templates, with intra-reader variability ranging from "good" to "very good" for COVID-19 CXRs (0.61), "normal" CXRs (0.76), and "alternative" (0.68). Reporting templates may be useful in reducing variation among radiology reports, with intra-reader variability showing promise. Feasibility and implementation require a wider approach including referring and treating doctors plus the development of training packages for radiologists specific to the template being used.

การพัฒนาชุดฝึกทักษะการเขียนโปรแกรมควบคุมด้วยสัญญาณแอนาล็อกและดิจิทัล

การพัฒนาชุดฝึกทักษะการเขียนโปรแกรมควบคุมด้วยสัญญาณแอนาล็อกและดิจิทัล

Supporting the Delivery of Infection Prevention and Control Training to Healthcare Workers: Insights from the Sector.

Infection prevention and control (IPC) cannot be implemented without healthcare workers (HCWs) being properly trained and competent. The provision of training is essential, yet there is a gap in our understanding of the factors impacting the implementation of IPC training. This paper reports the results from in-depth interviews that explored the current landscape around IPC training delivered across low-, middle-, and high-income countries. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with the key stakeholders involved in policymaking or IPC implementation in Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, India, Indonesia, the Philippines, and Australia. Although the training was mandated for many HCWs, participants indicated that only some training elements were mandatory. Participants spoke about covering various topics, but those in low-resource settings spoke about the challenges of delivering training. Classroom-based training dominated, but online delivery modes were also used in some locations. Whilst HCW’s training was postulated to have improved during the COVID-19 pandemic, the capacity to deliver training did not improve in some settings. More research is needed to establish the essential elements that could underpin the development of training packages.

Vestibular rehabilitation in multiple sclerosis: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial and cost-effectiveness analysis comparing customised with booklet based vestibular rehabilitation for vestibulopathy and a 12\u2009month observational cohort study of the symptom reduction and recurrence rate following treatment for benign paroxysmal positional vertigo

BackgroundSymptoms arising from vestibular system dysfunction are observed in 49–59% of people with Multiple Sclerosis (MS). Symptoms may include vertigo, dizziness and/or imbalance. These impact on functional ability, contribute to falls and significant health and social care costs. In people with MS, vestibular dysfunction can be due to peripheral pathology that may include Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV), as well as central or combined pathology. Vestibular symptoms may be treated with vestibular rehabilitation (VR), and with repositioning manoeuvres in the case of BPPV. However, there is a paucity of evidence about the rate and degree of symptom recovery with VR for people with MS and vestibulopathy. In addition, given the multiplicity of symptoms and underpinning vestibular pathologies often seen in people with MS, a customised VR approach may be more clinically appropriate and cost effective than generic booklet-based approaches. Likewise, BPPV should be identified and treated appropriately.Methods/ designPeople with MS and symptoms of vertigo, dizziness and/or imbalance will be screened for central and/or peripheral vestibulopathy and/or BPPV. Following consent, people with BPPV will be treated with re-positioning manoeuvres over 1–3 sessions and followed up at 6 and 12 months to assess for any re-occurrence of BPPV. People with central and/or peripheral vestibulopathy will be entered into a randomised controlled trial (RCT). Trial participants will be randomly allocated (1:1) to either a 12-week generic booklet-based home programme with telephone support or a 12-week VR programme consisting of customised treatment including 12 face-to-face sessions and a home exercise programme. Customised or booklet-based interventions will start 2 weeks after randomisation and all trial participants will be followed up 14 and 26 weeks from randomisation. The primary clinical outcome is the Dizziness Handicap Inventory at 26 weeks and the primary economic endpoint is quality-adjusted life-years. A range of secondary outcomes associated with vestibular function will be used.DiscussionIf customised VR is demonstrated to be clinically and cost-effective compared to generic booklet-based VR this will inform practice guidelines and the development of training packages for therapists in the diagnosis and treatment of vestibulopathy in people with MS.Trial registrationISRCTN Number: 27374299Date of Registration 24/09/2018Protocol Version 15 25/09/2019

Being a peer support mentor for individuals who have had a lower limb amputation: an interpretative phenomenological analysis

Purpose: Although peer support has received research attention within different health related contexts, there is limited research considering individuals who have experienced an amputation. In particular, the peer mentoring role is under-explored. Therefore, this research aimed to explore the experiences of participants delivering peer support interventions to individuals with lower limb loss.Methods: Eight people who acted as peer mentors for people with limb loss took part in semi-structured interviews. Data were analyzed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). Results: Two overarching themes were identified from the data: “Developing a Helpful Self”, in which the personal value and meaning of being a peer mentor is presented, and “Connecting with Vulnerability”, which addresses the emotional challenges of peer mentoring and the impact of these on wellbeing.Conclusions: Findings suggest positive experiences of providing support, including increased hope, resilience and a sense of belonging and connection to others. However, peer mentors experienced challenges related to uncertainty and doubt about their mentoring abilities and with developing and maintaining resilience in the role. Recommendations include the development of training packages and increased clarity for volunteers of the peer mentor role.Implications for rehabilitationIt is important to define clearly the role of a peer mentor and the responsibilities this involves.Peer mentors should be provided with support and training to increase their confidence and ability to act appropriately when encountering distress.It is important to provide transparent guidelines and procedures to support peer mentors to minimize concerns over risk and safety.Feedback regarding how effective the support offered is and how it could be improved should be provided.

Lack of health care professional's awareness for management of celiac disease may contribute to the under diagnosis of celiac disease.

We assessed the knowledge of physicians regarding diagnosis and treatment of celiac disease (CD). Specialists as the main therapist group of CD patients may play crucial role in the diagnosis and treatment of CD. Therefore, training and ensuring their capabilities is important. The population was specialists including Gastroenterologist, GI fellow, consultants, residents and general practitioners graduated in Medical Sciences Universities in Iran. The examination was the experts made and aimed to assess the educational needs of physicians and explore their failures in the diagnosis and treatment of CD with the key feature approach. Data was collected using a questionnaire that its validity and reliability was confirmed by experts (r = 91.6%). The total score was 150 with the classification of participants to the following categories: good (112- 150), intermediate (39-112) and weak ( ≤38). Out of 300 participants, 197 questionnaires were returned (Response rate = 66%). The mean age of the participants was 42.67 years (SD = 7.9 years) with majority were male (63.6%). Average score of participates who had less than three year's experience was significantly higher than others (P≤0.05). Only 12.1% and 9.8% of specialists have got the excellent score for diagnosis and treatment, respectively. It may conclude that specialists have had performance gap and around 90% needed training based on the principles of instructional design in order to improve their knowledge and skills to do and practice their assigned tasks. Therefore, development of training packages according to the principles of instructional design is suggested.

“It means you are grounded” – caregivers’ perspectives on the rehabilitation of children with neurodisability in Malawi

Purpose: Rates of childhood disability are estimated to be high in African settings; however, services to provide information and support are limited. This study aims to explore perspectives and experiences of caregivers of children with disabilities (CWD) from acquired brain injury to inform the development of training packages for health-workers (HW) in hospital settings. Methods: The study was conducted in a tertiary hospital using qualitative methods. Fourteen in-depth interviews (IDIs) were conducted with parents/carers (PC), and 10 IDIs and 4 focus-group discussions (FGDs) with HW. Data were audio-recorded, transcribed, translated and analysed using thematic approaches. Results: HWs and PCs held varying perspectives on aetiology and prognosis for CWD. HWs raised concerns about impact on families, risks of neglect and abuse. Barriers to care and support included prioritisation of acute illness, lack of HW knowledge and confidence, stigma, poor communication, focus on physical disability, and poor availability of services. Among ideas for improvement, good communication and counselling was seen as a priority but not often achieved. Conclusion: A range of family, health service and wider contextual factors affect care for CWD. Training for HW should emphasise disability rights, access to services, a range of disabilities and specific training on counselling.Implications for RehabilitationTo create good training programmes for workers who manage children with neurodisability, workers’ views on their training needs, as well parents’ views of what feel they need to know most, must be taken into account.The need for training regarding communication skills is a priority for health-workers (HW), who manage children with neurodisability in Malawi and confidence in this area is likely to be vital in providing support for these families.Disability rights and inclusion should be imperative in any training programme for managing children with neurodisability in hospital settings.Even in low-resource settings such as Malawi, it is vital that the links between hospital management and the limited resources in the community are updated and maintained.

Research and Development of a Training Package for Developing Creative Problem Solving of Undergraduate Students

Today, a large number of students are lack of the ability of problem solving, which resulted in negative effects toward their lives, minds and society. Development of creative problem solving is necessary to take place in the student, in order to allow them to gain the ability in facing the problem and solving the problem, by using new method with more effective and suitable for each situation of the problem. The purpose of this study is to observe the requirement in developing creative problem solving of undergraduate students and to develop training package in developing creative problem solving of undergraduate students. Methods used in this study are basically consisted of two stages. The first stage is including with the needs assessment. In developing creative problem solving of undergraduate students, the samples used are the 420 undergraduate students. The research tool used in this study is the needs assessment form, created by the researcher. The second stage is the development of training package for developing creative problem solving of undergraduate students. Results, in the first stage, it was observed that the undergraduate students are required to improve the creative problem solving in the stage of Problem Finding at most. In the second stage, it was found that the training package created comprises of 6 study units with 19 training activities and total duration used in training of 27hours.

DUAL MODE IN-SERVICE TRAINING AS AN ALTERNATIVE MODEL FOR TEACHERS PROFESSIONAL (PD) IN INDONESIA

To improve the quality of education, the Indonesian government has been launching a number of teachers’ professional development (PD) programs. These, however, brought little impact on the improvement of teaching practice and students’ achievement. This paper reports a two-year research project on a dual mode in-service training program that combines a classical in-service training and training via internet. The first year focused on identifying teachers’ professional needs while the second year focused on the development of training packages and tried out the training model. The study reveals that science teachers need training both on subject matter and pedagogy. In addition to the traditional face to face workshop, they also expect online training via internet since it allows them to have flexibility in accessing the materials as well as consultation with experts. This study suggests that participation in dual mode teachers PD improve teachers’ understanding of subject matter and pedagogy. Key words: dual mode; in-service training; professional development; science teacher

United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime International Network of Drug Dependence Treatment and Rehabilitation Resource Centres: Treatnet

ABSTRACT Key to the dissemination of evidence-based addiction treatments is the exchange of experiences and mutual support among treatment practitioners, as well as the availability of accurate addiction training materials and effective trainers. To address the shortage of such resources, the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) created Treatnet, a network of 20 drug dependence treatment resource centers around the world. Treatnet's primary goal is to promote the use of effective addiction treatment practices. Phase I of this project included (1) selecting and establishing a network of geographically distributed centers; (2) conducting a capacity-building program consisting of a training needs assessment, development of training packages, and the training of 2 trainers per center in 1 content area each; and (3) creating good-practice documents. Data on the training activities conducted by the trainers during their first 6 months in the field are presented. Plans for Phase II of the Treatnet project are also discussed.

Social, Economic Impact of HIV/AIDS on Handicraft Micro-Enterprises in Botswana

One of the common Micro Enterprises (MEs) recognised in Botswana is the production and selling of handicrafts targeting tourism industry and in the process creating employment for Botswana. Tourism has been identified as an engine of economic growth and diversification in Botswana. However, challenges posed by Human Immune Virus and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS) have affected all sectors of the economy including the handicrafts industry. There is a need therefore to investigate the Social economic impacts of HIV/AIDS on handicraft micro enterprises in Botswana. Using a structured questionnaire, the study collected data from a randomly selected sample 302 handicraft dealers. Application of analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to take into account the comparison of various responses. The study found out that the significant factors that affect the management of MEs included educational levels, income level, raw materials source, transport mode, sickness and nationality of handicraft dealers. The primary effect of HIV/AIDS included effects on productivity, time out of business, income levels, while secondary effects included qualities and quantities of raw materials/products including their transportation. The study recommends development of training packages to address handicraft sector on HIV/AIDS and on business management issues.

Determining the important management skill competencies: The case of family farm business in New Zealand

Despite the extensive investment in developing computer based decision aids over many years, farmers have failed to utilise other than relatively simple systems, such as accounting and budgeting packages, to any great extent. Another approach to improving farming efficiency, which could well be more successful, is the development of training packages designed to improve farmers’ management skills. These skills get used every day, many on an intuitive basis. The first task in developing this approach involves determining the skills farmers believe are important, and, therefore, need developing. This study provides answers, at least in the New Zealand setting, by reporting information from a large number of randomly selected farmers, as well as professional consultants. The results show both groups believe a wide range of skills are important, and that the set is largely common across all farm types, age spectrums, educational backgrounds, as well as across the full range of ‘managerial styles’ used by the farmers. Similarly, variations in objectives do not influence the ranking of the important skills. The conclusions can be summarised by noting the farmers believe selecting and managing people is a critical skill, as are the components of information gathering and the use of the information in planning, including risk management. Effective implementation of the plans is also regarded as being critical through skills such as anticipation, ‘looking ahead’, and accurate and complete observation, resisting panic, and acting decisively. Devising automatic systems to improve these skills is the next challenge.

Rationalizing radio medical advice for maritime emergencies.

The provision of radio medical advice by the National Health Service for British coastal waters has developed in an ad hoc fashion. In 1999, the closure of one of the two centres providing such advice led to unexpected problems. The demographic characteristics of the offshore population covered by each centre were markedly different and this resulted in a different spectrum of medical emergencies presenting to the sole remaining centre. Subsequent data collection of the details of medical emergencies presenting from offshore allowed an audit to inform the development of training packages for both base and remote practitioners. This has led to an ongoing national rationalization of ship-to-shore radio medical advice for the UK.

A meaningful occupation: The just right challenge

This article illustrates the academic, clinical and personal perspective of an occupational therapy clinician working in Child Mental Health in New Zealand. It reflects her enthusiasm, beliefs and values, and the ‘just right challenge’ in her work that stimulate her inner drive to succeed. It incorporates the conference theme of ‘common threads’, the dynamic, interwoven relationships between persons and environment, and a belief in sharing knowledge with others. The influences of life experiences, mentors and colleagues on self‐directed learning are outlined, together with the impact this has on professional and clinical development. In particular, the development of training packages for students on clinical placement, supervision, social interaction and roles of occupational performance in children with emotional, psychosocial and behavioural disturbances are highlighted. Included are descriptive vignettes outlining casework with children and their families, and the conscious use of self as an effective tool in the evaluation and intervention process.

Developing an effective school‐based service for children attending mainstream schools

ABSTRACT In May 1993 a new school‐based speech and language therapy service for children with a Statement of Special Educational Needs was introduced to schools in Harrow. Input was provided according to each child's needs as indicated by their speech and language therapy assessment and was offered on alternate half‐terms due to limitations defined by funding from the local Purchasing Authority. The introduction and subsequent success of the new service depended not only on adequate speech and language therapy resources but also on collaborative working with both school staff and parents. As the service was in its infancy and developing rapidly, regular review was essential. During the year 1993–1994 the Speech and Language Therapy Department carried out audits of the service focusing on: (1) The frequency of input each child received; (2) The impact of the new service on schools' staff understanding of communication impairment and their ability to modify activities to meet the needs of individual children; (3) Parents' perceptions of the new service and its perceived impact on the communication skills of their children. The study involved a comparison of departmental records (for example, the number of contracts offered, with recommended frequency of input), a questionnaire and interviews with school staff, a questionnaire to parents. The service was found to be meeting the recommended levels of input. (This was within resource constraints, i.e. every other half‐term.) Both parents and teachers felt that the new service had improved their understanding of and ability to deal with the children's communication difficulties (school staff 70%; parents 84%). Seventy‐eight per cent of parents felt that their child's communication skills had improved. However, the results raised questions about other aspects of the service: 62% of parents were unhappy with the frequency of input, despite the recommended levels being met every other half‐term; increased liaison time was required; parents requested more ideas for home use; and schools staff stressed the need for further training on communication difficulties. As a result, several changes have been introduced by the Speech and Language Therapy Department: (1) Amendments to the format of written reports, leading to greater ease of access and application within educational review meetings; (2) Improved departmental standards concerning provision of written information to parents and schools; (3) The development of departmental standards relating to contact with parents; (4) Further development of training packages provided by the Speech and Language Therapy Department service. The results and implications of the audit have been discussed with the Local Education Authority (LEA), the Purchasing Authorities, and in‐borough parent support groups. Areas identified for further attention include: (1) Agreeing priority grouping for speech and language therapy intervention; (2) The implications of Harrow LEA's integration policy and the 1994 Code of Practice for speech and language therapy provision; (3) Training of schools staff and its effect on the provision of speech and language therapy. The Purchasers and the LEA have formed a working party in order to address these issues in consultation with the Speech and Language Therapy Department. The audit has proved invaluable in providing necessary information to those involved.