Traditional Village Development Research Articles

A Comparative Study of Traditional Village Renewal Characteristics Driven by Different Entities from the Perspective of Place-Making

The renewal of traditional villages should not only focus on the protection of cultural heritage but also comprehensively consider the development of social, economic, and environmental aspects. The concept of place-making offers an effective strategy to address the issues faced by traditional villages today, such as the destruction of cultural heritage, socioeconomic decline, and population loss. At the core of place-making is the establishment of harmonious human–land relationships. This study aims to explore the influence of different entities on place-making during the process of traditional village renewal. This research focused on traditional villages in southeastern China. Based on literature reviews and field surveys, this study employed the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to develop evaluation criteria for traditional village renewal based on place-making. By selecting case studies of traditional village renewal driven by three entities, government, artists, and villagers, relevant data were collected through field surveys and expert assessments, followed by a comparative analysis of these villages using the place-making evaluation criteria. The results indicate significant differences in traditional village renewal due to varying entity-driven approaches, leading to diverse impacts on different facets of place-making. In conclusion, establishing a renewal model for traditional villages that involves diverse entities is crucial for achieving comprehensive place-making and ensuring the high-quality, integrated, and sustainable development of traditional villages.

Spatial distribution characteristics and influencing factors of traditional villages based on geodetector: Jiarong Tibetan in Western Sichuan, China.

Jiarong Tibetan is a regional group with distinctive regional characteristics and possess precious traditional village resources. Studying the spatial distribution and influencing factors of traditional villages is of vital significance for the protection and renewal of villages and the revitalization of cultural heritage. Nevertheless, due to the fact that the Jiarong Tibetan inhabited area has not been clearly defined for a long time, there is a lack of holistic discussion on the distribution features and driving mechanisms of traditional villages in this region. In order to fill this research gap, the paper is the first to break away from the existing county administrative divisions to define the study area. Moreover, the analysis is carried out by using the nearest neighbor index, kernel density, GoeDa and Geodetector, etc. for traditional villages at national-level and provincial-level. The results show that the spatial distribution of the traditional villages of Jiarong Tibetan is characterized by typical aggregation, with the core intensive area in Danba County and the sub-core intensive area in the central and northern parts. The results of factor detection show that the spatial distribution pattern of the traditional villages is the consequence of the synergistic effect of multiple factors, and the interaction effect is significantly enhanced. The economic level and climatic conditions play a controlling role, and population, elevation, intangible cultural heritage and rivers also have notable effects. The findings of study can offer scientific guidance and suggestions for the inheritance and development of traditional villages in Jiarong Tibetan settlement area.

Investigating the spatial distribution mechanisms of traditional villages from the human geography region: A case study of Jiangnan, China

Investigating the spatial distribution and adaptation mechanisms of traditional villages is crucial for their development and human well-being. However, relatively few studies have focused on the interaction and comprehensive influence of historical-cultural, natural-geographic and socio-economic factors on traditional villages in Jiangnan region. Employing geographically weighted regression (GWR) and Geodetector methods, we developed an integrated framework. We found that (1) Traditional villages exhibit a “one-core, multiple-periphery” clustering pattern (nearest neighbor index <1), with significant high-high and low-low local spatial clustering characteristics and preferring gentle and relatively Complex terrains to adapt to the need to avoid warfare. (2) Urbanization negatively affects traditional village density patterns, while natural-geographic complexity has a positive impact. Their interaction nonlinearly amplifies this effect, with the urbanization-GDP interplay being particularly significant (q = 0.765). (3) Factors exhibit significant spatial heterogeneity in their impact on traditional village density, with the explanatory power increasing by 20% (GWR/R2 = 0.65). The urbanization rate and slope are the most critical socio-economic and natural-geographic factors, respectively (local regression coefficient: 23.31 and 11.58). Our study transcends administrative boundaries, revealing how historical-cultural, natural-geographical, and socio-economic factors collectively influence the distribution of traditional villages. This not only provides a new theoretical foundation for the conservation and development of traditional villages but also provides a new methodology basis for research on traditional villages.

Case Study on Ecological Reconstruction Technology of Hollow Village in Mountainous Hilly Area

The ecological reconstruction of hollow village should gradually improve the rural living environment, regulate the features of farm houses and courtyards, beautify the village, protect and restore the village facilities such as ponds and ditches, natural landscape and pastoral landscape, and keep the overall style of the village in harmony with the natural environment. We will formulate plans for the protection and development of traditional villages, protect traditional culture, improve the lists of historic and cultural villages, traditional villages and residential houses, and establish and improve mechanisms for protection and supervision. The development of leisure agriculture, rural tourism, cultural and creative industries, the use of small town infrastructure and commercial service facilities, the overall drive to improve the quality of rural living environment.

Research on the Measurement, Evaluation and Compensation of Traditional Village Residents’ Emotional Perception: A Case of 14 Traditional Villages in Guanzhong Region

Traditional village residents’ emotional perception is a mapping of the man–land relationship in rural areas, which leads to the attitudes and behaviors of the residents. Against the background of previous studies focusing on technical rationality but neglecting the exploration of “human” emotional factors, it is crucial to carry out research on the traditional village residents’ emotional perception to promote people-centered rural development of high quality. The paper selected 123 residents from 14 traditional villages in Guanzhong region and constructs an evaluation index system which includes three dimensions based on the logical framework of “spiritual attachment-functional dependence-developmental cognition”. Next, the questionnaire method was used to collect data and the empirical analysis was conducted using the obstacle degree model and the network analysis model. The research shows that: (1) the overall level of the traditional village residents’ emotional perception is in the middle-upper class and there are significant differences, and there is a non-equilibrium in different evaluation dimensions. (2) The main obstacle to the improvement of the level of traditional village residents’ emotional perception is perception of development, followed by the sense of belonging, and the sense of happiness has a greater supportive role. (3) “Sustainable development of the village” (D-07) is the central node of the network analysis model of traditional village residents’ emotional perception. Meanwhile, the nodes “willingness to live” (G-02) and “basic rights are guaranteed” (X-10) are the central nodes of the sub-networks of sense of belonging and sense of happiness. (4) The residents’ education level and the frequency of community participation have a significant positive effect on their emotional perception level. Finally, the paper explores the dynamic compensation mechanism of traditional village residents’ emotional perception. Our results provide policy guidance for achieving sustainable development of traditional villages.

EPANet-KD: Efficient progressive attention network for fine-grained provincial village classification via knowledge distillation.

Fine-grained classification of historical traditional villages plays a crucial role in guiding the future development and construction of urban and rural areas. This study aims to propose a new dataset for fine-grained classification of traditional villages and to propose an efficient progressive attention network for the problem of low accuracy and efficiency of fine-grained traditional historical village classification. Firstly, in order to further study the long-standing problem of fine-grained classification of traditional villages, a new fine-grained classification dataset of traditional villages containing 4,400 images, referred to as PVCD, is proposed by crawling and hand-arranging. Secondly, a new Progressive Attention Module, abbreviated as PAM, is also proposed. PAM engages in attentional modeling of prominent spatial features within the spatial dimension, subsequently applying attentional modeling to channel features beneath the identified salient spatial features. This process involves salient spatial feature attention modeling of prominent channel features within the dimension to extract discriminative information for fine-grained classification, thereby enhancing the performance of classifying traditional villages with precision. Finally, a new knowledge distillation strategy of softened alignment distillation, or SAD for short, is proposed, which simply and efficiently transfers the knowledge of softened category probability distributions through. Notably, based on the above proposed PAM, the lightweight EPANet-Student and the heavyweight EPANet-Teacher are proposed. In addition, the heavyweight EPANet-Teacher transfers the knowledge of fine-grained categorization of traditional villages to the lightweight EPANet-Student through the proposed SAD, abbreviated as EPANet-KD. The experimental results show that the proposed EPANet-Teacher achieves state-of-the-art performance with an accuracy of 67.27%, and the proposed EPANet-KD achieves comparable performance to the proposed EPANet-Teacher with 3.32M parameters and 0.42G computation. The proposed EPANet-KD maintains a good balance of accuracy and efficiency in the fine-grained classification of traditional villages, considerably promoting the research on the fine-grained classification of traditional villages. In addition, it facilitates the digital preservation and development of traditional villages. All datasets, codes and benchmarking results are publicly available for the promotion of this research area. https://github.com/Jack13026212687/EPANet-KD.

Spatial differentiation and geographical similarity of traditional villages--Take the Yellow River Basin and the Yangtze River Basin as examples.

The preservation and advancement of Traditional Villages are intricately linked to the perpetuation of cultural heritage. However, existing research on the spatial disparities among Traditional Villages has yet to consider the impact of cultural factors. Moreover, the geographical similarities shared by Traditional Villages have not been thoroughly examined. Therefore, this study takes the Yellow River Basin and the Yangtze River Basin, both pivotal in the genesis of Chinese culture, as case studies. We employ an Optimal Parameter-based GeoDetector alongside the Spatially Constrained Multivariate Clustering method to delve into the factors influencing the spatial differentiation and geographical similarities of Traditional Villages within these two significant river basins. Subsequently, we offer recommendations for fostering the sustainable preservation and development of Traditional Villages in these regions. The results indicate that the Rural Residents Per Capita Disposable Income has the greatest impact on the spatial differentiation of Traditional Villages in the Yellow River Basin, while the Density of National Intangible Cultural Heritage Inheritors has the most significant influence in the Yangtze River Basin. The interaction effects of the driving factors are more powerful, with a q-value of 0.9544 for the interplay between the Density of National Cultural Protection Units and the Tourism Income in the Yellow River Basin and a value of 0.9099 for the interaction between the Density of National Intangible Cultural Heritage Inheritors and the Transportation in the Yangtze River Basin. Regarding geographical similarity, the Traditional Villages in the Yellow River Basin are divided into three major clusters, while those in the Yangtze River Basin are divided into two.

Pan-museum Concept Implanted in Chinese Traditional Village Development and Conservation

Since the reform and opening up, the economy has been improving, but the protection of traditional villages and the study of cultural heritage have not kept pace with the times. With the development of tourism, a large number of traditional villages have been commercially exploited, resulting in the destruction of many architectural cultures, including some other local cultures. Through the research and protection of traditional villages, the study of the history of the origin of traditional villages can be established to provide valuable and correct historical data for the research, and at the same time, a correct awareness of the protection of cultural heritage can be set up, so that the development of traditional villages can be carried out in a restrained and orderly manner. The concept of pan-museum is proposed in order to make the traditional villages better express themselves as a carrier for promoting and passing on local culture, which is rich in local cultural values, and can better pass on local culture and stimulate t

Landscape Ecology Analysis of Traditional Villages: A Case Study of Ganjiang River Basin

Traditional villages, rich in historical and cultural value, hold a high level of preservation value. In the process of urbanization, traditional villages face the crisis of decline, making it difficult to perpetuate the carried cultural heritage. The Ganjiang River Basin hosts numerous traditional villages with rich research value, making the study of their preservation and development in this region a significant topic. This paper, from the perspective of landscape ecology, employs geographic detectors to analyze the driving factors behind the emergence of traditional villages in the Ganjiang River Basin, summarizing the spatial distribution characteristics of traditional villages. A classification method based on village landscape features is adopted to categorize traditional villages in the Ganjiang River Basin, providing a reference for planning the preservation and development of traditional villages. The research results show that plain areas are more suitable for the continuation of traditional villages; a single suitable environmental element cannot provide an environment conducive to the development of traditional villages, which is the result of the combined effect of multiple suitable elements; the study has divided traditional village landscapes into nine types, with clear distribution differences among different types of villages; for different regions and types of traditional villages, it is necessary to balance development and protection tendencies and plan differently according to environmental characteristics.

Research on the Continuous Protection and Development of Traditional Villages in Western Yunnan in the Context of the Internet Era

Abstract Traditional villages are facing many development dilemmas and problems, for this reason, this paper proposes to use hierarchical analysis to study the continuous protection and development of traditional villages in western Yunnan. Combined with China’s national conditions and the actual situation in western Yunnan, it points out the conditions for the contiguous protection and development of traditional villages. According to the principle of evaluation system construction, the evaluation standard system for contiguous protection and development of traditional villages in western Yunnan is determined. To eliminate the influence of indicators on the evaluation results, the relevant indicators are normalized, and the judgment matrix is constructed. Moreover, use the hierarchical analysis method to carry out single sorting and consistency tests on the judgment matrix to derive the weight coefficient of the evaluation index system. Then, a case study was conducted on the continuous protection and development of traditional villages in western Yunnan. The results show that the comprehensive evaluation score of the contiguous protection and development of traditional villages in western Yunnan is 4.08168, which is between excellent and good grades, indicating that the experts maintain a good and positive attitude towards the evaluation of the contiguous protection and development of traditional villages in western Yunnan. This study proposes strategies for protecting and developing traditional villages in southern Anhui, which are conducive to improving the research system for protecting and developing traditional villages.

Construction of Traditional Village Health Development Evaluation System Based on Ecological and Cultural Health Theory

Abstract Traditional villages, as spatial carriers with rich cultural resources, are important cornerstones for cultural inheritance and promotion, and their ecological and cultural symbiosis has been formed in the process of long historical development, which contains rich ecological wisdom. To comprehensively analyze the development status of traditional villages and plan and design future development, this study is guided by the theory of ecological and cultural health, selects the evaluation elements of the target level, criterion level, and indicator level, and devotes itself to constructing an evaluation system of the healthy development of traditional villages, and applies the hierarchical analysis method and the entropy weight method to determine the index weight, to establish a comprehensive evaluation model of the healthy development of traditional villages. By evaluating the healthy development of traditional villages in Ning’an City, Mudanjiang City, and Heilongjiang Province, the study verifies the feasibility of the evaluation system constructed by the study for the healthy development of traditional villages. It proposes corresponding healthy development strategies for the evaluation analysis to provide reference ideas for traditional villages’ ecological and cultural health and sustainable development.

Can tourists become disciples? The formation and mechanism of place conversion in traditional Chinese villages.

Place attachment has been extensively studied in the field of tourism. However, it is important to recognize that place attachment alone may not fully capture the emotional expression of tourists' spiritual beliefs and their sense of belonging to a destination. Therefore, a more comprehensive attachment theory is needed to encompass higher dimensions. This article focuses on the ancient Chinese villages of Yantou, Cangpo, and Furong from a tourist perspective, and introduces genius loci in architectural phenomenology. We set out to expand the study of spiritual dimensions of place attachment on the basis of local attachment, redefining tourists' place connection and putting forward the new concept of place conversion. A qualitative analysis of online text using Rooting theory was conducted to condense 22 categories into 6 main categories and establish a model. The study shows that the mechanism of place conversion is composed of situational perception (place perception and place identity), physical and mental immersion (spatio-temporal immersion and place conversion), and behavioral willingness (tourists intention and conversion behavior). The study has implications for the conservation and development of traditional villages and future research on the spiritual experiences of tourists.

Spatial distribution characteristics and influencing factors of traditional villages in Fujian Province, China

As the historical and contemporary values of Chinese traditional villages continue to emerge and the circumstances of the times change, their preservation has a lasting and far-reaching significance in promoting the revitalisation and sustainable development of China’s countryside. However, rapid urbanization began after China’s reform and opening up, and continuous urban expansion led to the rapid decline or even disappearance of these villages. Previous studies on village protection tend to focus on morphological studies from the perspective of individual units, and rarely discuss the influencing factors of spatial distribution. Therefore, there are certain deficiencies in revealing the distribution rules, which makes it difficult to fully carry out the protection work. The article reconstructs the traditional village system of Fujian Province, whose traditional villages cover both national and provincial historical and cultural villages and national and provincial traditional villages. The spatial distribution characteristics and influencing factors of traditional villages in Fujian Province were studied using 1,606 traditional villages of various levels as research objects. The results of the study show that: (1) the spatial distribution of traditional villages in Fujian Province is cohesive, with significant uneven distribution, and there are three high-density agglomerations and two sub-density agglomerations; (2) The spatial distribution shows a pattern of “large scattering, small concentration, more in mountainous areas and less in coastal areas”; (3) Topography, river systems, transportation and socio-economic conditions combine to influence the spatial distribution of traditional villages in Fujian Province, but the degree of influence varies. Physical and geographical conditions play a leading role in the distribution of traditional villages, and road traffic conditions and socio-economic conditions have a secondary impact on the distribution of traditional villages. There is an obvious agglomeration of traditional villages in the mountainous river areas, while there is a certain degree of negative correlation between road traffic conditions and socio-economic conditions and the number of traditional villages. (4) With the support of good policies and economic conditions, the protection and continuation of traditional villages can be promoted to a certain extent, and it is also conducive to the spread of local multicultural culture. Finally, corresponding policy recommendations are made for the conservation and sustainable development of traditional villages in Fujian Province.

Traditional Village research based on culture-landscape genes: a Case of Tujia traditional villages in Shizhu, Chongqing, China

ABSTRACT Global urbanization has led to severe damage and even disappearance of traditional villages in large numbers, significantly impacting the diversity of cultural landscapes. To effectively protect and inherit the cultural landscape of traditional villages, this study proposes the “culture-landscape genes” theory and its double-chain model. Taking the traditional Tujia villages in Shizhu County, Chongqing Municipality, China as an example, we identify, extract, correspond, encode, and comprehensively evaluate their culture-landscape genes. Based on the evaluation and analysis results, corresponding protection and development strategies are formulated. The study indicates that: firstly, the identification, extraction, and correlation of genes directly influence the construction of the evaluation system and the assessment of the protection level. Secondly, the comprehensive evaluation system under the double-chain model is more scientific and reasonable compared to the single-gene model of cultural or landscape genes. The culture-landscape genes theory proposed in this study promotes the development of the gene theory of traditional villages, and its double-chain research model effectively supplements the current methods for the protection and sustainable development of traditional villages, demonstrating a wide range of application value.

Spatial Distribution and Influencing Factors of Traditional Villages in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region

This paper takes 207 traditional villages in Inner Mongolia as the research object and uses the ArcGIS10.7 software platform, using the nearest neighbor index, coefficient of variation analysis, spatial autocorrelation analysis, imbalance index, kernel density estimation method, geographical detector, and other methods to explore the spatial distribution characteristics and influencing factors of traditional villages in Inner Mongolia. The research shows that: (1) the spatial distribution of traditional villages in Inner Mongolia is condensed; the distribution of cities is uneven; and the overall distribution pattern of ‘two main and two vice’ is presented. (2) The traditional villages are mainly distributed in the altitude area of 500–1500 m, and their spatial distribution characteristics are positively correlated with the annual average temperature, annual precipitation, total population, the proportion of the primary industry, and the number of intangible cultural heritage, and negatively correlated with the slope, river distance, highway density, per capita GDP, urbanization, and the proportion of the secondary industry. (3) The results of GeoDetector2018 software show that socio-economic factors are the primary factors affecting the spatial distribution of traditional villages in Inner Mongolia, followed by natural geographical factors. The interaction and synergy between the influencing factors have increased significantly, which jointly affects the spatial pattern of the distribution of traditional villages in Inner Mongolia. The purpose of the study is to provide reference for the protection and development of traditional villages in Inner Mongolia and the implementation of the national rural revitalization strategy.

A Study on the Protection of Traditional Villages in G City from the Perspective of Rural Revitalization Strategy: A Case Study of Moluo Village in Danba County

Based on the field investigation of traditional villages, cultural heritage and architectural features in G City, this paper analyzes the prominent problems and causes in the protection and development of traditional villages and cultural heritage in G City from the aspects of natural environment, economic development and villagers’ awareness. Further, it puts forward new paths for the protection and sustainable development of traditional villages and cultural heritage from the perspective of “rural revitalization” strategy, such as deepening the concept of co-construction and sharing, creating a new model of integrated development, and building a new method of digital resource sharing platform, so as to inherit and promote traditional Chinese culture.

Study on Protection and Development of County Traditional Villages Group from the Perspective of All-for-one Tourism in the New Period

Traditional villages are the historical memory of the Chinese nation, the essence of China's farming civilization, and also important historical and cultural heritage and tourism resources. Scholars at home and abroad have conducted in-depth research on the protection and development of traditional villages from various angles, but these studies lack the direction of traditional villages group in regional counties. The development of all-for-one tourism is a new concept and model for the protection and development of traditional villages in the new era. This paper attempts to apply the theory of all-for-one tourism to explore the path of protection and development of traditional villages group in the county. Traditional villages group in Tongjiang County, Sichuan Province were selected as the research area, and analyzed from the aspects of elements of traditional village cultural resources, opportunities and difficulties of protection and development, etc. Based on data analysis, a series of regional protection and development paths were proposed, including seizing policy opportunities, improving the special planning of all-for-one tourism, deeply strengthening the integration of agriculture, culture and tourism, mining the cultural connotation of villages, and cultivating villagers' main consciousness, are proposed to realize the sustainable development of the traditional village groups in the county.

Development types and design guidelines for the conservation and utilization of spatial environment in traditional villages in Southern China

ABSTRACT In China, despite the continuous efforts to preserve traditional villages in recent years, a significant amount of cultural heritages continue to vanish. Commonly observed issues such as the lack of coordination between preservation and development, the imbalance in spatial environment conservation and utilization, are pervasive. Regrettably, there is a conspicuous absence of theoretical underpinning in addressing these challenges. In this study, The evaluation factor of spatial environmental protection was selected, and these factors were weighted through expert surveys and the Analytic Hierarchy Process, and applied the multi-objective linear weighting function method to obtain a comprehensive evaluation calculation formula. Subsequently, we conducted an assessment of 28 representative traditional villages in the southern Chinese regions of Guangdong, Fujian, and Jiangxi. Their current issues were systematically analyzed and cluster analysis was applied to discern 11 distinct typologies of traditional village development. Besides, the temporal evolution patterns of these villages were delved into, and their development were categorized into five stages: initiation, enhancement, prosperity, over-development, and decline. Ultimately, based on the spatial environment characteristics of each development type and evolution stage, corresponding guidelines for spatial environment conservation and utilization are proposed, which provides necessary theoretical frameworks for future work this region.

Study on the Distribution Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Traditional Villages in the Yunnan, Guangxi, and Guizhou Rocky Desertification Area

This paper aims to analyze the distribution patterns of the Yunnan, Guangxi, and Guizhou rocky desertification area, and provide efficient protection and development strategies. This region has a complex geographical environment, and it is distinguished by hosting China’s largest ethnic minority population and the highest concentration of autonomous ethnic counties among contiguous impoverished areas, with numerous traditional villages. Thus, it is significant to conduct a comprehensive study of traditional villages within this domain, with a particular focus on their centralized preservation and strategic utilization. This research employed ArcGIS and Geodetector software for a rigorous analysis of the spatial distribution characteristics and influential factors of traditional villages in the Yunnan, Guangxi, and Guizhou rocky desertification area. The key findings can be summarized as follows. (1) The traditional villages in this region predominantly exhibit an agglomerative distribution pattern, with pronounced concentrations in southeast Guizhou and secondary concentrations in Anshun and Guilin. (2) Natural environmental factors, social economic factors, and national cultural factors impact the distribution of traditional villages synthetically by positive, median, or negative correlation. (3) The results of the Geodetector show that, significantly, social economic and national cultural factors exert a more pronounced influence than natural environmental factors, especially population density and intangible heritage quantity. The interaction of multiple factors shows an enhanced trend. (4) From the perspective of formation mechanism, natural environmental factors serve as foundational elements shaping the original distribution pattern; national cultural factors act as dominant determinants, accentuating spatial distribution distinctions across various regions and social economic factors emerge as critical catalysts for the sustainable development of traditional villages. The interaction factors can have a more profound impact. Furthermore, it is expected that this study will contribute to the effectiveness of ecology and economy in this area and more analogous regions.

Green Development of Traditional Villages: Stakeholder Game Perspectives Under Reward and Punishment Policies

Green Development of Traditional Villages: Stakeholder Game Perspectives Under Reward and Punishment Policies