Development Of Territorial Communities Research Articles

Exploring the interplay of entrepreneurial leadership and knowledge sharing strategies in territorial development, national defense, and strengthening resilience

This research aims to investigate the factors that affect the performance of national resilience, which are suspected to be related to the elements of territorial entrepreneurship leadership, knowledge sharing, territorial development, and national defense intentions. The sample consisted of 278 inmates in the context of national resilience. Primary data was obtained through the distribution of questionnaires to the sampled respondents. The data was analyzed using the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) technique with the help of the Analysis of Moment Structure (AMOS) software. The results of the data analysis indicate that the Territorial Entrepreneurial Leadership Strategy implemented thus far does not have a significant impact on the Territorial Development Strategy, State Defense Intentions, and National Resilience Performance. However, on the other hand, the Knowledge Sharing Strategy contributes significantly to enhancing the Territorial Development Strategy and National Resilience Performance. Similarly, it has been observed that the National Defense Intention plays a crucial role in improving National Resilience Performance. It can be concluded that the development of territorial communities needs to consider various strategies and factors, including leadership strategy, knowledge exchange, and national defense awareness, in order to achieve regional development goals and enhance national resilience comprehensively. Collaboration among local leaders, communities, and other stakeholders is key to designing and implementing effective programs in this context.

The Role of Displaced Higher Education Institutions in Recovery Processes of War and Post-war Period: The Case of Volodymyr Dahl East Ukrainian National University

The recovery of Ukraine will require the involvement of as many actors and resources as possible. Higher education institutions will play a significant role in the recovery of the country and its regions and communities. Educational institutions can participate in the recovery process both by training the required personnel and by directly participating in the development of relevant policies, programmes and strategic documents, analysing the needs and capabilities of local communities, providing advice and expert assistance in their areas of expertise, etc. There are already scientific publications and case studies that demonstrate the role of higher education institutions in recovery processes. Moreover, special attention is paid to displaced higher education institutions as those with specific experience and knowledge.
 The purpose of the article is to determine the role of displaced higher education institutions in the recovery and restoration of the country and its regions using the example of the twice displaced Volodymyr Dahl East Ukrainian National University. For this purpose, the article uses such methods as observation, analysis and synthesis. In addition, a survey was conducted among the staff and students of Volodymyr Dahl East Ukrainian National University regarding the role of the displaced higher education institution in the recovery process, the results of which are summarised in the article.
 Ukraine has experience in relocating higher education institutions, some of which were relocated twice in 2014 and 2022. The article examines the case of the Volodymyr Dahl EUNU and reveals the main activities and projects implemented by the university after the first and second relocations aimed at recovery and development of territorial communities. In particular, the institutionalised practices of participation of Volodymyr Dahl EUNU in the recovery processes are presented. The survey of academic staff and students of the university showed the distribution of opinions on the role of higher education institutions in the recovery of the community, the region and the country as a whole, and also identified the specific role of displaced HEIs in such processes. The study revealed the willingness and existence of active practices of participation of the academic staff and students in the recovery of socio-economic systems of various levels, as well as their readiness and conditions for joining such activities.
 The results of the survey conducted among the academic staff and students of the Volodymyr Dahl East Ukrainian National University show that the respondents are aware of the role of educational institutions in the recovery and restoration of communities, regions and the country as a whole, as well as their readiness to return to the liberated territories to restore them together with the university.

СОЦІАЛЬНО-ЕКОНОМІЧНА РЕЗУЛЬТАТИВНІСТЬ І ЕФЕКТИВНІСТЬ ЖИТТЄДІЯЛЬНОСТІ ТЕРИТОРІАЛЬНИХ ГРОМАД ТА ЇХ ІНВЕСТИЦІЙНИЙ ПОТЕНЦІАЛ У ВОЄННИЙ ЧАС

In accordance with the formed-methodical approach to the assessment of socio-economic productivity and effectiveness of the viability of territorial burdens in the military, the time of its composition is allocated. The essence of the concepts of “efficiency” and “effectiveness” for the socio-economic assessment of the vitality of territorial communities has been clarified. It was noted that such an assessment is necessary and appropriate in order to realize the investment potential of communities in the post-war period. It was developed the methodical approach to determining the effectiveness and efficiency of life activities of communities in the conditions of war is based on the use of available data on the functioning of territories – information on the implementation of local budgets. It provides for the use of the following indicators: revenue to the general fund of the budget (total and calculated per resident), the amount of local taxes and fees (total and calculated per resident), expenditures of the general fund of the budget (total and calculated per resident), capital expenditures (in total and per inhabitant), expenditures to ensure the vital activities of the territory (in terms of total articles and per inhabitant), the amount of official transfers. To evaluate the performance, an analysis of the dynamics of changes in the specified indicators and the achievement of planned indicators was carried out. Also to evaluate the efficiency, It is proposed to consider the formation of positive budget effects by individual components, as well as the growth of the community rating by the main financial indicators in the regional or all-Ukrainian dimension. It has been proven that due to the greatest impact of the budget component on the development of territorial communities, such a temporary toolkit can produce results close to the relevant ones. An evaluation of the socio-economic effectiveness and efficiency of life activities of the Kramatorsk urban territorial community and the Oleksandrivsk settlement territorial community and the Donetsk region in the conditions of war was carried out. It was determined that the life activity of the Kramatorsk community is conditionally effective, based on the signs of budget efficiency. The obtained result indicates the high capacity of the community to develop/restore and implement investment potential in the post-war period. The evaluation of the life activity of Oleksandrivsk community showed insignificant results, especially in terms of restoration works, as well as works to increase the safety of residents and a positive budgetary effect, which was achieved thanks to the significant support of the state. Using indicators of budgetary efficiency, it is proven that in wartime local self-government bodies are able to provide conditionally effective and efficient life activities of territorial communities and the quality of life of the population.

Budget programmes as a tool for ensuring self-sufficiency of territorial communities and an object of accounting

The article analyses the state and sources of formation of local budgets of territorial communities of Ukraine. It is established that the development of territorial communities, despite their significant own potential, largely depends on transfers from the state budget.
 The main substantive characteristic of a self-sufficient community is defined and it is proposed to calculate indicators for assessing its status at two levels, which are formed by own revenues and transfers.
 The main instrument for creating an effective and efficient mechanism for the use of funds in a community is budget programmes. In order for budget programmes to fulfil their goals and objectives and achieve the expected results, it is important to classify them according to the features that characterise expenditures that address the needs of the community. The study allowed us to identify 10 classification characteristics of budget programmes, which are the key to the scientifically sound development of financial and management accounting in budgetary institutions.
 In the context of management accounting, budget programmes should be viewed as centres of responsibility for expenditures and their results. Under such conditions, the main provisions of the programme-targeted method of managing budget funds will be fully used.
 However, in order to introduce management accounting of budget programmes, it is necessary to create information screens to display business transactions on the formation of expenses at the expense of budgetary funds. Taking into account the specifics of the chart of accounts in the public sector, the author substantiates the possibility of keeping records of expenses in the context of budget programmes and the formation of their performance indicators on account 16 «Production» or on a new account with a free code 19 «Expenses for the implementation of budget programmes».

IMPROVEMENT OF THE SYSTEM OF STRATEGIC PLANNING OF THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF TERRITORIAL COMMUNITIES

The article reveals the main content of strategic planning of socio­economic development of territorial communities as an important tool for improving the quality of life of the population. It was revealed that the concept of «strategic planning of socio­economic development of territorial communities» can acquire different meanings, on the one hand as a process of sequential implementation of interconnected stages with the aim of achieving a predetermined socio­economic effect, on the other hand as a set of decisions taken by territorial bodies within the framework of defined strategies. It was found that the socio­economic development of territorial communities is a priority in the totality of state interests, as it contributes to various aspects of the country’s life. It was revealed that the reform of the territorial organization of power in 2020 was marked by the creation of 1,470 capable territorial communities in which positive processes of governance restructuring were developing, but the full­scale war significantly corrected them, directing them in the direction of security and survival. The destruction of infrastructure, the closure of a significant number of enterprises, and the forced migration of the population became a test of the capacity and stability of communities. The relevance of the development of programs for the recovery of the local economy in war conditions and community development programs in the post­war period is substantiated. In order to ensure the successful implementation of community development strategies, it is proposed to take into account international experience, the best domestic practices of territorial development, and to use such a tool as grant opportunities in the field of restoration and development of territorial communities. , which includes taking into account the needs and interests of the population, efficient use of resources, coordination between different levels of government and stakeholders.

PROSPECTS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF CREATIVE INDUSTRIES IN UKRAINE

Creative industries have been a profitable sector of the economy in many countries for many years. In recent years, they have become increasingly integrated into urban development, democratization processes, the development of territorial communities, and the rights and freedoms of civil society. Creative industries contribute to the formation of innovative markets

Development of territorial communities’ potential as a factor of socio-ecological development of territories

The objective of the article was to clarify the concept and classification of the potential of territorial communities; to determine the main indicators of the development of their territorial spaces; to outline the methodology for establishing the socioecological development potential of a particular territorial community and; furthermore, to determine strategic directions for its improvement. The research involved the following methods: economic statistics; BCG matrix; SWOT analysis; graphic methods. As a result of the study, the main statistical indicators related to community development were determined and, similarly, the potential for social-ecological development and the main strategic directions for increasing the potential for social and ecological development were also determined through the use of SWOT analysis. The results of the study can be used by local self-government bodies to increase the potential for social and ecological development and determine strategic directions for its improvement in terms of public policies. Everything allows to conclude that, future research on the topic should be focused on the study of directions of social-ecological development potential in the context of post-war recovery in Ukraine.

National politics of decentralization as town-planning process forming of the in-plant systems

The article is a result of an analytical research on development of relations between the city and suburban area. An attempt to define main factors that may be included into a future strategy of balanced development and to avoid a number of problems in the organization of group forms of settlement in the big cities' influence zone. The decentralization processes in the governance system constitute the social and economic potential for creation of a system of common interests in development, and not for destruction of both cities and suburban area. The research materials analyze the current state of affairs of urban planning activities in Ukraine, in particular, peculiarities of regional planning, using three largest cities and their suburbs as case studies. A number of negative trends have been discovered in the relations between the city and suburban area, that need to be resolved during the subsequent stages of designing to take into account the changes in the management system – decentralization and development of territorial communities that will be interacting with the city on systemic positions.

Factors increasing the financial capacity and development of territorial communities in the context of modern challenges

There are various challenges in today's world, such as economic crises, global pandemics, and climate change, which have a major impact on the financial resilience and development of local communities. Today, the decentralization process has been completed, with territorial communities gaining more powers and responsibilities. Understanding the factors that contribute to the financial resilience and development of these communities is crucial to ensure their efficiency and viability, as well as opportunities for improved public governance, cost optimization, and more efficient use of resources. The article aims to examine the factors increasing the financial capacity and development of territorial communities in the context of modern challenges. Results. The article identifies internal and external factors for increasing the financial capacity of territorial communities. The advantages of the competitiveness of territorial communities are studied, and the main features for strengthening their financial stability are identified. The possibilities of local communities are considered in determining the attractiveness for investment in their territory, accounting for available resources and ways of their use, the use of labor, as well as the benefits that may arise during the relocation of enterprises due to active armed conflicts in a large territory of the country. Conclusion. Investment resources of territorial communities and the possibilities of their use are characterized. The investment attractiveness of territories is determined. The objects of investment activity may include any property, fixed assets, current assets in all sectors of the national economy, securities and targeted cash deposits, scientific and technical products, property rights, and resources. The instruments of investment attraction, their legal basis, and their effectiveness for the development of territorial communities are substantiated. Keywords: territorial communities, capacity of territorial communities, competitiveness of territorial communities, strategy, socio-economic development, decentralization.

Development of territorial communities: aspects of natural capital conservation and budget financing

The development of efficient local governance and establishment of comfortable conditions for the living activity are the major strategic tasks of the public governance and authorities’ decentralization system modernization that is currently underway in Ukraine. The complicated socio-environmental and economic situation faced by Ukraine due to the deployment of military and political events, the collapse of the national currency, the deformation of industrial infrastructure, the depletion of natural capital, the exhaustion of natural resources, the spread of coronavirus infection COVID-19, and other destabilizing factors constitutes an incredibly high threat to the socio-political and economic security of the state as a whole and of each territorial community (TC). In this perspective, each element of the complex national economy system is important and should be translated into the principles of intellectualization in a strategic perspective. Today, the economic systems of both the state and the TCs are largely supported by international organizations – mainly through the provision of international loans and grants. The harmonization of national legislation on the preservation and reproduction of natural capital with European directives is the priority area of the foreign policy of Ukraine. Cooperation with international organizations sets a number of requirements for Ukraine, including the transparency of financial flows and natural capital accounting. Clear regulation of accounting, storage, and reproduction of natural capital is an urgent task of the public administration system. Taking into account the fact that climate security is a global problem, adaptation of national standards to European directives will make it possible to unify the information support of public finances and form a strategy for the development of natural capital. The main factors of economic efficiency in the Republic of Poland and Ukraine are compared. The research verifies the regression relationships between budget funding of territorial communities and the population of these territorial communities and provides conclusions about the efficiency of TCs’ funding in Ukraine.

ЕКОСИСТЕМНІ АКТИВИ ТЕРИТОРІАЛЬНИХ ГРОМАД: ОСНОВИ ТА ІНСТИТУЦІОНАЛІЗАЦІЯ ОЦІНЮВАННЯ. Рецензія на книгу: Веклич О.О., Бойко Є.О., Колмакова В.М., Патока І.В. Прикладна теорія оцінювання екосистемних активів територіальних громад. За ред. О.О. Веклич

У рецензії на монографію «Прикладна теорія оцінювання екосистемних активів територіальних громад» колективу авторів за загальною редакцією О.О. Веклич наголошено на її актуальності, передусім, у зв’язку з руйнуванням української економіки і екосистем унаслідок повномасштабної воєнної агресії РФ проти України. Зазначено, що це перша українська книга, у якій досліджуються екосистемні активи. Новизна дослідження полягає в розширенні проблематики екосистемних активів на рівні місцевих спільнот, а саме в аспектах їх оцінювання, зокрема аналітико-прикладного алгоритму й методики розрахунку вартості екосистемних активів. Практичну значущість розробленого підходу обумовлено створенням на основі результатів оцінювання консультаційно-інформаційного підґрунтя для реального впровадження екосистемних послуг у практику прийняття і реалізації управлінських рішень у межах функціонування і розвитку територіальних громад.

Determinants of development and their impact on the financial resilience of territorial communities

The process of financial decentralization has had a significant impact on local budgets, making them independent of the state budget. This has created new opportunities for the development of territories through the implementation of specific projects that meet the needs of the community. However, the success of the viability of territorial communities depends most of all on the economic aspect. The introduction of martial law in Ukraine in February 2022 has significantly changed the living conditions of society as a whole. These conditions generate new challenges and tasks for the public and territories. It is important to find ways to adapt to new conditions, develop effective development strategies, and ensure economic sustainability. The implementation of real projects and economic initiatives aimed at supporting and developing the territories is becoming especially important. The article aims to substantiate the main problems in the financial resilience of territorial communities and to identify the main areas for improving the efficiency of attracting and using financial resources. The article argues that financial resources are the basis for the effective development and functioning of a territorial community. The authors examine the factors influencing the creation and operation of territorial communities and identify reserves of financial resilience of communities in the future. Theoretical studies related to the process of formation and development of territorial communities are analyzed. The article characterizes the capabilities of territorial communities, in particular, in terms of determining the investment attractiveness of objects on the territory, accounting for available resources and the possibility of their capitalization, use of labor resources, as well as the use of opportunities arising in the process of relocation of enterprises due to active hostilities in a large territory of the country. The authors prove the impact of migration processes on the possibilities of community development and functioning. The essence of submitting project applications for various competitions to attract additional funds to the community budget and thus form its financial resilience is substantiated. The main changes in the local budget process that arose under martial law and its impact on the development of territorial communities are outlined.

Оцінка стану та моделювання перспектив розвитку фінансової спроможності територіальних громад

The aim of the article is to assess the state of financial capacity of territorial communities of the Zhytomyr region and to model the prospects for their development, taking into account the established trends. It is substantiated that in order to achieve the effective functioning and development of territorial communities, all efforts should be aimed at the development of internal potential, the optimal use of mechanisms for the formation of the revenue side of local budgets and the rational use of the formed financial resources. It is found that the execution of local budgets of territorial communities of the Zhytomyr region in terms of key indicators indicates an unstable situation that characterizes the average trends in Ukraine, which is explained by the high concentration of production and service enterprises in the central regions of Ukraine (including in the Zhytomyr region), whose tax payments provide the lion’s share of all revenues to local budgets. It is identified that within the boundaries of the Zhytomyr region, communities with a population of up to 10 thousand people demonstrate the best results of economic management. In particular, it is found that the communities comprising from 5 to 10 thousand persons have the highest variability of the results obtained, which can be explained by their high flexibility and dependence on the quality of management. It is proved that the least effective and most vulnerable were large communities with a population of more than 15 thousand people. According to all of the above indicators, they were worse than the regional average, and there was not a single hromada with exemplary results among them. The main criteria for the success of territorial communities are allocated and substantiated, in particular: the optimal number of communities is up to 10 thousand people; effective financial provision, stability and sufficiency of resources; qualified specialists in self-government bodies; high-quality control over the activities of self-government bodies; activity and initiative of the community

Natural economic values of national parks in development of territorial communities

Natural economic values of national parks in development of territorial communities

Теоретичні засади формування моделі інтегрованого відновлення та розвитку територіальних громад

Теоретичні засади формування моделі інтегрованого відновлення та розвитку територіальних громад

Issues and challenges regarding the determination of the normative monetary valuation of land plots within the territory of the territorial communities

A detailed study and analysis of the methodology for the normative monetary valuation of land plots approved by the Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine dated November 3, 2021 No. 1147 was carried out regarding the possibility of its application, and the identification of problems arising in the process of its implementation. The main aspects of the normative monetary valuation of land plots and its influence on the development of territorial communities in Ukraine are considered. The methodical, economic and regulatory problems of determining the normative monetary valuation of land plots according to the current methodology as an important economic tool for regulating land relations and economic stimulation of rational use and protection of land have been studied and analysed. Methodological and technical deficiencies were identified in the process of determining the normative monetary valuation of land plots of territorial communities and calculating the size of the normative monetary valuation of a separate land plot. It was established that although according to the Law of Ukraine "On Land Valuation" the normative monetary value is "capitalized rental income", the current method of its determination is not based on the income that can be obtained from the use of the land plot, but on fixed tabular norms, which are differentiated according to population of the administrative center of the community. Only for agricultural lands, the income from their use is taken into account according to the current methodology, however, they are taken into account through soil quality scores, which have not been updated since the 1980s. It was revealed that due to the fact that there is no indexation of the normative monetary valuation of agricultural land, the revenues of local budgets do not increase by at least UAH 0.6 billion every year on the scale of Ukraine.

Management of the Establishment of Interaction between Higher Education Institutions and Territorial Communities in Modern Conditions

The article raises the problem of managing the establishment of interaction between higher education institutions and territorial communities. In modern conditions, considering the ongoing war in Ukraine, the interaction of higher education institutions and territorial communities should be diverse, contributing to social inclusion, which is a new, so-called “third mission” of the university, which is integral nowadays. It has been found that the educational and scientific mission, as a rule, provides an indirect, potential impact on the development of society, but as a “third mission”, it involves a direct impact. The prospects for interaction between the higher education institution and the territorial community are based on advanced international experience. The author emphasizes that taking into account the tendency of universities of Western countries is an important condition for increasing the efficiency of the domestic higher education system; in addition to this, effective interaction on a partnership basis will benefit the country, regional development, in particular, the development of territorial communities and higher education institutions.
 The main managerial measures to control the establishment of interaction between higher education institutions and territorial communities have been identified, they include the following points: modernizing the mission of the university, taking into account the potential capabilities of the institution; identifying subjects for establishing interaction with, their functions and possible forms of activity; organizing training of university employees and territorial communities for the implementation of the "third mission"; making amendments to the regulatory documents of territorial communities, educational institutions; creating bodies for managing the process of interaction; analysing of the functioning of territorial communities and higher education institutions; developing a long-term plan for interaction with communities; developing criteria for assessing the process of interaction, the results of interaction and activities of employees; developing a system for encouraging employees to participate in the process of interaction; establishing communication in the process of interaction of higher education institutions and territorial communities; including representatives of communities and other subjects of interaction in the collegial bodies of higher education institutions; establishing the process of interaction and its evaluation; preparing methodological materials to help interaction participants; resolving financial problems of interaction establishment.

CONSTITUTIONAL AND LEGAL AREA OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT AS A SPACE FOR THE FORMATION AND IMPLEMENTATION OF CONSTITUTIONAL AND LEGAL STATUS OF HUMAN (PERSONALITY) AND CITIZEN, PROTECTION AND ADVOCACY OF HUMAN RIGHTS

Constitutional and legal regulation, regulation and legalization of the institution of local democracy in the form of local self-government, that is, self- organization of a set of residents of residents of the respective territories of the state, which was first in the history of national constitutionalism implemented in the 1996 Constitution of Ukraine, contributed to the implementation updating and functional- activity contextualization of the problems of formation, value and role of the legal space of local democracy, more in-depth and fundamental study of its functioning, regulatory regulation, construction of the paradigm of its further development, modification and improvement.
 It is reasonable that in the narrow sense, the legal space of local self-government can be defined as a sphere of regulation of the legal norms of models: a) self-organization of members of the territorial community, b) competence of local self-government bodies,
 
 powers of its other entities and bodies within the territory of the territorial community functioning and specific historical time (territorial-chronological
 
 In turn, the legal space of local self -government in the broad sense can be defined as: a) the sphere of regulatory regulation and regulation of the territorial community, b) sphere of normative regulation and regulation of local self - government bodies, other subjects of the local self-government system, formed directly by the territorial community itself (representative bodies of local self- government, institute of community heads) and on its behalf (executive bodies of local self-government), c) for the purpose, existence, functioning and implementation of a system of existential local interests and needs in the respective territory of the state, within the existence of a specific territorial community, g) at the same time, such a system of existential local interests and the needs of the community and its residents- does not contradict the interests and legislation of the state.
 According to the author, this approach to understanding and determining the legal space of local self-government enables the latter as a complex social, political and legal phenomenon-which arises as a result of synergically directed teleologically sound-based activity as a state (state municipal legal policy) and subjects local society (programs of formation and development of territorial communities, including united ones), by forming its regulatory-subject, regulatory-object and regulatory-spatial base (must still be added-regulatory and technological, normative-activity and regulatory- logistics bases), in order to solve the existential issues of existence and functioning of the territorial community. Therefore, that is why the constitutional and legal space of local self-government emerges, is formed, exists and functions as a space of formation, implementation of the constitutional and legal status of a person (personality) and citizen, protection and protection of human rights.

ETHNOTURISM AS A FACTOR OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF UNITED TERRITORIAL COMMUNITIES IN THE POST-WAR PERIOD

Abstract. The purpose of this article is to study ethnotourism and related types of tourism as an important factor in the development of territorial communities in the postwar period. The article considers the united territorial community as an object for the development of ethnotourism and, given that Ukraine has significant tourist and recreational potential and the availability of ethnotourism resources, it is established that each united territorial community has the opportunity to develop ethnotourism in its territory. It is noted that for the development of ethno-tourism in the united territorial communities it is important to hold various events that will represent original traditions, authentic rites and customs, unique national cuisine, hospitality of Ukrainians and increase the number of tourists. Ethnotourism is considered as an important factor in the restoration of national wealth to promote the development of national ideology of Ukraine and show the richness of Ukrainian culture both domestically and internationally. After all, ethnic tourism is an active way to study the history of its people. Potential tourists may be interested in religious sites, historical, cultural and architectural monuments. Ukraine retains the basic elements of traditional, material and spiritual culture, therefore, Ukraine has significant cultural, economic, educational potential for the development of ethnic tourism. The main aspects of ethnotourism development in the united territorial communities are considered: availability of tourist and recreational potential, relatively developed infrastructure, connections with other types of tourism, which are also developed in the united territorial communities, and formation of ethnotourism development plan. Prospects for the development of ethnotourism in the united territorial communities in Ukraine in the postwar period are outlined and the main directions of work on ethnotourism activities that will contribute to the socio-economic development of the united territorial communities.

CONSTITUTIONAL AND LEGAL SPACE OF LOCAL SELF-GOVERNMENT AS A SPACE OF FORMATION, REALIZATION OF THE CONSTITUTIONAL AND LEGAL STATUS OF A PERSON (PERSONALITY) AND CITIZEN, PROTECTION AND PROTECTION OF HUMAN RIGHTS AND PROTECTION

Constitutional and legal regulation, regulation and legalization of the institution of local democracy in the form of local self-government, that is, self- organization of a set of residents of residents of the respective territories of the state, which was first in the history of national constitutionalism implemented in the 1996 Constitution of Ukraine, contributed to the implementation updating and functional- activity contextualization of the problems of formation, value and role of the legal space of local democracy, more in-depth and fundamental study of its functioning, regulatory regulation, construction of the paradigm of its further development, modification and improvement.
 It is reasonable that in the narrow sense, the legal space of local self-government can be defined as a sphere of regulation of the legal norms of models: a) self-organization of members of the territorial community, b) competence of local self-government bodies, c) powers of its other entities and bodies within the territory of the territorial community functioning and specific historical time (territorial-chronological factor.
 In turn, the legal space of local self -government in the broad sense can be defined as: a) the sphere of regulatory regulation and regulation of the territorial community, b) sphere of normative regulation and regulation of local self - government bodies, other subjects of the local self-government system, formed directly by the territorial community itself (representative bodies of local self- government, institute of community heads) and on its behalf (executive bodies of local self-government), c) for the purpose, existence, functioning and implementation of a system of existential local interests and needs in the respective territory of the state, within the existence of a specific territorial community, g) at the same time, such a system of existential local interests and the needs of the community and its residents- does not contradict the interests and legislation of the state.
 According to the author, this approach to understanding and determining the legal space of local self-government enables the latter as a complex social, political and legal phenomenon-which arises as a result of synergically directed teleologically sound-based activity as a state (state municipal legal policy) and subjects local society (programs of formation and development of territorial communities, including united ones), by forming its regulatory-subject, regulatory-object and regulatory-spatial base (must still be added-regulatory and technological, normative-activity and regulatory- logistics bases), in order to solve the existential issues of existence and functioning of the territorial community. Therefore, that is why the constitutional and legal space of local self-government emerges, is formed, exists and functions as a space of formation, implementation of the constitutional and legal status of a person (personality) and citizen, protection and protection of human rights.