Development Of Production Technology Research Articles

Technological progress in Russian military sports suits: the history of the use of materials and fabrics from the end of the 19th century to the beginning of the 21st century

The subject of the study is technology in military sports suits of Russian military personnel. The object of the study is the progress in the production technologies of military sports suits. The author examines in detail the history of the use of various materials and fabrics for the production of military sports suits, from the end of the 19th century to the beginning of the 21st century. Special attention is paid to the analysis of the properties of various materials. The author shows that fabrics with high strength, wear resistance and good breathability are most suitable for military sports suits of Russian servicemen. The fabrics used for the production of military uniforms must meet a number of requirements. At the same time, such properties of fabrics as crease, drapery, hydroscopicity, dust capacity, heat-shielding properties, shrinkage, thread shedding, thread expansion in seams, sliding should be taken into account. The main research methods were theoretical methods – the method of analysis, generalization, systematization, classification of literary sources on the research topic. The novelty of the research consists in a comprehensive analysis of the basic properties, characteristics and requirements for fabrics used for the manufacture of military suits. A retrospective analysis and comparison of costumes from different eras were carried out. The main conclusion of the study is that from the end of the 19th century to the 21st century, the use of fabrics for military clothing has undergone significant changes. It is shown that at the end of the 19th century, military clothing was mainly made from natural fabrics such as cotton, wool and linen. With the advent of synthetic fibers in the 20th century, fabrics became more durable, lightweight, quick-drying and resistant to external factors. In the 21st century, with the development of fabric production technologies for military clothing, special mixtures of natural and synthetic fibers, as well as membrane materials, began to be used to provide high protection, comfort and functionality for military personnel. The author's special contribution to the study is the generalization of the results of various studies, the comparison of the main characteristics of fabrics used in various historical times with modern fabrics and materials.

Silk derived electrospun carbon nanofibers loaded with CoS nanoparticles as efficient hydrogen evolution reaction catalysts in acidic and alkaline media

The design of a stable and efficient hydrogen evolution catalyst across the entire pH range is of significant importance for the development of hydrogen production technology by electrocatalytic water splitting. This study chose biomass silk fibroin protein as the electrospinning raw material, synthesizing a hybrid membrane of CoS@carbon nanofibers (CNF) with a layered core–shell structure through simple carbonization and hydrothermal treatment. The CoS nanoparticles can grow uniformly and densely on the CNF. By varying the concentrations of hexahydrate cobalt nitrate (Co(NO3)2·6H2O) and thiourea (CH4N2S), the morphology of the synthesized CoS nanoparticles on CNF can be controlled. Different microscopic morphologies lead to differences in the activity of the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), attributed to variations in the exposed active sites for different morphologies. Compared to pure CNF, the CoS-2@CNF hybrid membrane exhibits excellent HER activity in both acidic and alkaline electrolytes. This highlights the synergistic catalytic effect between CNF and CoS particles. This work provides guidance for the rational design of bio-based catalysts with excellent performance.

Value Chain of Aquaculture In Sea Cages on The Black Sea Coast of Türkiye

Aquaculture is one of the most important sectors in Turkiye's exports. The export value increases annually. In parallel with the developments in aquaculture production and processing technologies, there is a significant increase in aquaculture exports. The increased production and export of aquaculture products carry future challenges that need to be properly tackled to ensure the competitiveness and economic sustainability of the sector. The main objectives of this research were to understand the value chains of aquaculture products, identify production costs, and make a general analysis of the market in the Black Sea Region. Random sampling was used to ensure that farmers were equally represented in the survey. To fill this purpose, 16 farmers were interviewed from four sea cage location sites. Furthermore, fish traders and respected stakeholders were interviewed. It is possible to divide the cage farming in the sea cages in the Turkish coastal water of the Black Sea into 3 groups according to their size with a capacity of 250 tons/year (small), between 501-999 tons (medium), and more than 1000 tons/year. According to the results, 75% of the fish produced in cages is trout, and 25% is sea bass in the Black Sea. The most important expense items of enterprises consist of variable costs. Among the variable costs, the purchase of fry fish, feed purchase, and labor costs constitute the most important expenditure items. Among the fixed costs, the most important expense is depreciation costs. The unit cost of one kg of fish varies between 2.5-3.0 euros. Considering that the trout and sea bass in the Black Sea are at the level of 3.5 Euro, the profit rate of the enterprises is between these levels. Recently, since trout from the Black Sea has been exported to the Far East Country (particularly Japan), its price has also increased. In 2018, the average retail price (including VAT) and medium selling price of sea bass and trout were at a level of 5.24 and 5.34 Euros respectively. Despite all these positive developments, climate change continues to pose a threat to the emergence of diseases and marketing problems.

A technical infrastructure for primary education data that contributes to data standardization

AbstractThere is a significant amount of data available about students and their learning activities in many educational systems today. However, these datasets are frequently spread across several different digital services, making it challenging to use them strategically. In addition, there are no established standards for collecting, processing, analyzing, and presenting such data. As a result, school leaders, teachers, and students do not capitalize on the possibility of making decisions based on data. This is a serious barrier to the improvement of work in schools, teacher and student progress, and the development of effective Educational Technology (EdTech) products and services. Data standards can be used as a protocol on how different IT systems communicate with each other. When working with data from different public and private institutions simultaneously (e.g., different municipalities and EdTech companies), having a trustworthy data pipeline for retrieving the data and storing it in a secure warehouse is critical. In this study, we propose a technical solution containing a data pipeline by employing a secure warehouse—the Swedish University Computer Network (SUNET), which is an interface for information exchange between operational processes in schools. We conducted a user study in collaboration with four municipalities and four EdTech companies based in Sweden. Our proposal involves introducing a data standard to facilitate the integration of educational data from diverse resources in our SUNET drive. To accomplish this, we created customized scripts for each stakeholder, tailored to their specific data formats, with the aim of merging the students’ data. The results of the first four steps show that our solution works. Once the results of the next three steps are in, we will contemplate scaling up our technical solution nationwide. With the implementation of the suggested data standard and the utilization of the proposed technical solution, diverse stakeholders can benefit from improved management, transportation, analysis, and visualization of educational data.

Recent Status of Production, Administration Policies, and Low-Carbon Technology Development of China’s Steel Industry

In 2023, China’s crude steel production amount reached 1.019 billion tons, and the energy consumption of China’s steel industry amount reached 561 million tons of coal. China’s steel industry, with its dominant reliance on coal for energy and the primary use of blast furnaces and converters in production processes, as well as its massive output, has become the main field for achieving China’s “carbon peaking” and “carbon neutrality” goals. Firstly, this article summarizes the current production status of the steel industry and the situation of carbon emissions in the steel industry. Secondly, it discusses the dual-carbon policies based on the national and steel industry levels and outlines the future directions for China’s steel industry. Subsequently, it analyzes the current state of research and application of mature and emerging low-carbon technology in China’s steel industry and details the low-carbon plans of China’s steel companies using the low-carbon technology roadmaps of two representative steel companies as examples. Finally, the article gives policy suggestions for the further carbon reduction of China’s steel industry. The purpose of this paper is to show the efforts and contributions of China’s steel industry to the early realization of its “carbon peaking” and “carbon neutrality” goals.

Why together? Archaeology and zoology about medieval leather products on the example of Szczecin

Abstract Many years of archaeological excavation brought to light a rich material, that can be used in research of topics important from a social and economic point of view, such as the character of the production and/or organization, the development of technique and production technology, or the assortment of goods. A deep analysis of the selected categories of artifacts, in this case made of leather, can be used for a double purpose – a reconstruction of the process and conditions of early medieval leather craft formation, as well as a presentation of their role and significance in the activity structure of the inhabitants of Szczecin. Such an attempt to grasp the rules governing the development of one of the most important production branches – leatherworking, has been undertaken on the basis of leather objects that can be found on a mass scale in Szczecin’s cultural layers dated for the period from the early 10th to the mid-13th century. Key to these studies are the results of zoological analyses, which perfectly complement the archaeological conclusions.

Self-standing Ni–Cu–Ti/NCNTs electrocatalyst with porous structure for hydrogen evolution reaction

The development of water electrolysis hydrogen production technology is of great significance for accelerating the global carbon neutrality goals. Nickel-based electrode materials are considered the most promising catalysts for alkaline water electrolysis. However, the slow kinetics of the hydrogen evolution reaction remains a key challenge to be solved. To address this, a porous Ni–Cu–Ti/NCNTs cathode electrode was prepared using the powder metallurgy method. The microstructure characterizations and electrochemical measurements revealed that adjusting the content of NCNTs, while maintaining the Ni–Cu–Ti ratio of 5.5:3.5:1, can improve the catalytic activity of hydrogen evolution to a certain extent. Among the electrodes tested at room temperature, the one with 0.7% NCNT content exhibited the best performance in terms of hydrogen evolution. The analysis suggests that the porous structure of the electrode provides ample channels for object transmission. The addition of NCNTs further enhances the surface roughness of the electrode, exposing more active sites. Additionally, NCNTs promote electron transfer, synergize with Ni, Cu, and Ti, and improve the catalytic activity of hydrogen evolution.

Oriented pyrolysis of biomass for hydrogen-rich gas and biochar production: An energy, environment, and economic assessment based on life cycle assessment method

This study aimed to analyze a technology of hydrogen-rich gas from full-component oriented pyrolysis (FCOP) of biomass using energy, economic, and environmental life cycle assessment. Firstly, the study taked corn straw (CS) as the research object, the yield of hydrogen-rich gas and char produced by the oriented pyrolysis method are 78.26% and 20.35%, and the yield of biochar produced by activating char with phosphoric acid is 40%. Secondly, the system boundary of FCOP of biomass to produce hydrogen-rich gas and biochar was creatively designed, establishing the energy, environmental, and economic analysis comprehensive model. Various energy, economic, and environmental indicators were computed to facilitate process optimization for hydrogen-rich gas co-production biochar and explored the feasibility of the process. The results show that the stage of hydrogen-rich gas prepared by FCOP of biomass is an important factor affecting energy output and input, and has the highest standard pollutant emissions (92.11%). This process has low carbon emissions and GHG emissions, showing good sustainability and application prospects, which has important guiding significance for realizing cleaner production and solving the energy crisis. Thirdly, taking the large-scale system of producing hydrogen-rich gas co-production biochar, which processes 40,000 t of CS per year, as an example, the economic benefit analysis results were obtained, that is, IRR, NPV, and Pm are 22%, 6.33 million yuan, and 7.3 years, respectively. Meanwhile, the key factors, including the initial investment, expenses of biomass and catalyst, and the sale income of hydrogen and biochar, which are the main factors affecting the economic efficiency of technology, and uncertainties were identified through sensitivity analysis. Finally, we put forward in the background of ecological civilization, the research focus and thinking for the development of hydrogen production technology from pyrolysis/gasification of biomass were proposed. The results obtained can be valuable in practical applications to enhance the sustainability and viability of hydrogen production in biomass conversion and utilization activities. The applied energy, economic, and environmental methodologies appear to be reliable and comprehensive tools for assessing the whole-life sustainability and viability of biofuel.

Numerical simulation of the dust pollution characteristics and the optimal dustproof air volume in coal washing plant screening workshop

Dust pollution generated during the working process of a screening workshop in a coal washing plant seriously threatens the occupational health of workers. To improve the working environment for workers, we investigated the effects of various airflow parameters on the diffusion of dust particles and pollutants. We established a proportional model of the screening workshop and conducted spatiotemporal analysis of the evolution laws of airflow and particulate matter. We used numerical simulation and on-site measurements to obtain the optimal dust removal air flow rate in a coal washing plant workshop. When the air flow rate is between 360 and 1260 m³/min, the overall dust concentration in the workshop and the average dust mass concentration in the breathing zone decrease significantly as the air flow rate increases. However, if the air flow rate is too high, this can cause re-entrainment of dust, which will pollute the operation area again. The optimum dust removal airflow for the inlet air was 1260 m³/min. This air flow rate decreases the dust at the height of the breathing zone in the working area, and the dust concentration at the sidewalk in the working area decreases by 58.82%. This air flow rate can act as a reference value for workshop ventilation design to provide a clean and safe production environment for coal miners. Our methodology and results are of value the formulation and development of effective dust control and clean production technologies.

Comprehensive kinetic modeling and product distribution for pyrolysis of pulp and paper mill sludge

Pyrolysis holds immense potential for clean treatment of pulp and paper mill sludge (PPMS), enabling efficient energy and chemical recovery. However, current understanding of PPMS pyrolysis kinetics and product characteristics remains incomplete. This study conducted detailed modeling of pyrolysis kinetics for two typical PPMSs from a wastepaper pulp and paper mill, namely, deinking sludge (PPMS-DS) and sewage sludge (PPMS-SS), and analyzed comprehensively pyrolysis products. The results show that apparent activation energy of PPMS-DS (169.25–226.82 kJ/mol) and PPMS-SS (189.29–411.21 kJ/mol) pyrolysis undergoes significant change, with numerous parallel reactions present. A distributed activation energy model with dual logistic distributions proves to be suitable for modeling thermal decomposition kinetics of both PPMS-DS and PPMS-SS, with coefficient of determination >0.999 and relative root mean square error <1.99 %. High temperature promotes decomposition of solid organic materials in PPMS, and maximum tar yield for both PPMS-DS (53.90 wt%, daf) and PPMS-SS (56.48 wt%, daf) is achieved at around 500 °C. Higher levels of styrene (24.45 % for PPMS-DS and 14.71 % for PPMS-SS) and ethylbenzene (8.61 % for PPMS-DS and 8.33 % for PPMS-SS) are detected in tar and could be used as chemicals. This work shows great potential to propel development of PPMS pyrolysis technology, enabling green and sustainable production in pulp and paper industry.

Combined electrochemical and spectroscopic investigations of carbonate-mediated water oxidation to peroxide

The development of electrosynthetic technologies for H2O2 production is appealing from a sustainability perspective. The use of carbonate species as mediators in water oxidation to peroxide has emerged as a viable route to do so but still many questions remain about the mechanism that must be addressed. To this end, this work combines electrochemical and spectroscopic methods to investigate reaction pathways and factors influencing the efficiency of this reaction. Our results indicate that CO32- is the key species that undergoes electrochemical oxidation, prior to reacting with water away from the catalyst. Through spectroelectrochemical experiments, we noted that CO32- depletion is a factor that limits the selectivity of the process. In turn, we showed how the application of pulsed electrolysis can augment this, with an initial set of optimized parameters increasing the selectivity from 20% to 27%. In all, this work helps pave the way for future development of practical H2O2 electrosynthetic systems.

한성기 백제토기 생산시스템 발달과 사회 변화의 상관성

In ancient society, earthenware had a meaning beyond its original purpose of containing, storing, or cooking food, and can be seen to have been directly and indirectly influenced politically and socially. The influx of new material culture promoted the emergence of new cultures, divided classes, and gave rise to new food cultures. Additionally, those in demand developed earthenware production technology. In the Hanseong period, with the development of Baekje pottery production technology, the production time was shortened with the spread of blade technology, cutting face, and rotating table, which became the basis for mass production. As firing technology developed, kiln firing, overlap firing, and high-density firing became possible, and complex production methods were operated depending on the model. In addition, it became possible to produce a special type of black polished earthenware. Additionally, with the development of earthenware production technology, the diversity of tableware and eating patterns were established. Exclusive ceremonial earthenware used in ceremonial activities was produced. The production of ultra-large storage containers increased surplus production, and the emergence of ultra-large cooking utensils was used for banquets and ceremonial purposes. And the spread of steaming cooking methods using steaming pots, long-shaped earthenware, and stoves means that alcohol, rice cakes, etc. were manufactured. This technological development and use of earthenware is due to the increase in demand for Baekje earthenware during the Hanseong period, and it can be seen that these earthenware were very closely related to the process of social change. In ancient society, the production and consumption of earthenware triggered social changes, and as society became more complex and diverse, cooking methods and eating methods also became more complex. This is because earthenware and food are related to social stratification and overall culture. It should be seen that Baekje pottery during the Han Dynasty was changed and developed according to various political and social interactions at the time.

Development of technology for the production of all-purpose buckwheat malt using plasmochemically activated aqueous solutions

The result of the conducted research is the development of buckwheat malt production technology using plasma-chemically activated aqueous solutions. Buckwheat grain with high starch content became the object of research. The main technological problem is obtaining high-quality brewing malt suitable for the production of gluten-free beer. The expediency of using plasma-chemically activated aqueous solutions as an intensifier of the process of germination of buckwheat grains and an effective disinfectant of buckwheat malt has been experimentally proven. It is shown that the use of plasma chemical activation of technological solutions allows to speed up the process of moistening of buckwheat grain by more than 2 times. The energy and germination capacity of buckwheat grains, when using plasma-chemically activated aqueous solutions, underwent positive changes. The effect of increasing the energy of germination was from 8 to 14 %, and the ability to germinate was 2–9 %. The amylolytic activity of buckwheat malt was analyzed, an increase in amylolytic activity in the range of 30–77 units/g was noted. The extractability of buckwheat malt was investigated separately. This indicator increased by 2–9 % depending on the concentration of peroxides in the solution. The Kolbach index also increased by 2–10 %, which indicates an intensive course of proteolysis. The total amount of amino acids in the experimental samples increased by 619 mg/100 g. There was a significant decrease in the viscosity of the wort, which indicates the high solubility of the obtained buckwheat malt. The technology can be applied in the industrial production of brewing malt and sprouted buckwheat grain of functional purpose. The developed buckwheat malting technology will receive priority in the production of environmentally friendly buckwheat malts of universal purpose that are not contaminated with pathogenic microflora

Research of Green Innovation of Companies of Countries with Different Levels of Technological Development of Production

Abstract In the conditions of the transition to higher technological systems in the conditions of the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals, the companies of the world face the question of effective management of green innovative development in their economic activities. The goal of the research is the formation of effective organizational and economic support for green innovations of companies of countries with different levels of technological development of production. This research contains: to describe the known positions of scientific schools regarding the managerial aspects of green innovations of companies of the world; to form the economic support of this administration, by developing an assessment of the potential of green innovations of companies of the world (the data of the Global Innovation Index Report were taken as a source of empirical data), to form criterion values of the potential of green innovations of companies of the countries for the purpose of their clustering. The research methods used include: system method; bibliometric analysis; method of assessing competitiveness; criterion method; method of generalization. The objects of evaluation include companies from five countries of Central and Eastern Europe. The main results of the study include: development of management theory; forming an assessment of the green innovation potential of companies from countries of the world with different levels of technological development of production (the data of the Global Innovation Index Report were taken as a source of empirical data); formation of criterion support for the results of evaluation of the green innovation potential of the countries’ companies. The conclusions of the study should include establishing the actualization of managing green innovations by companies of the world by involving the results of the assessment of the green innovation potential of companies of the world to the formation of the criterion values of this assessment in order to make effective management decisions on the part of all interested stakeholders. For further scientific research, to focus on the formation of effective communication links between different groups of stakeholders, the basis of this scientific direction is the criteria developed by the authors to ensure the level of green innovation potential of companies of countries in order to make effective decisions on the part of stakeholders (state bodies, investors, manufacturers, suppliers, clients, financial institutions) regarding organizational, social, economic support of green innovations of companies of countries with different levels of technological development of production. This study can be useful for the governments of countries in the development of international and national programs for the innovative development of the economy in terms of the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals; to company managers when forming strategic and tactical plans for green innovative business development; to students and scientists in the implementation of scientific and educational programs.

Experimental and numerical study on the offshore adaptability of new FLH2 floating hydrogen liquefaction production storage and offloading unit

With the development of hydrogen production technology from offshore wind power and natural gas, the deep-sea energy interconnection system using hydrogen energy as the medium is constantly improving. The floating hydrogen liquefaction production storage and offloading unit (LH2-FPSO, FLH2) is an effective method for large-scale utilization of offshore hydrogen energy. By filling the heat exchanger with ortho-parahydrogen conversion catalyst, a new porous medium heat exchange channel is formed. Integrating the spiral wound heat exchanger with the ortho-parahydrogen catalytic conversion reactor can reduce the deck area of FLH2 process system and lower the investment cost of floating hydrogen liquefaction device. The performance of FLH2 can be influenced by the offshore wave and typhoon. In this paper, the methods of floating cryogenic visualization experiment, theoretical analysis and numerical simulation are conducted to study the coupled flow and heat transfer mechanism of working fluid applied in FLH2 under offshore conditions. The results show that the sea state has little influence on the ortho-parahydrogen conversion and cooling process of hydrogen in the porous heat exchange tube. The complex flow and heat transfer challenges brought by the integrated process of new floating hydrogen liquefaction and ortho-parahydrogen conversion have been overcome. With the effect of co-current shear of gas-phase mixed refrigerant, a large dry area will not appear on the outer wall surface of porous tube under offshore conditions. The FLH2 process system shows good adaptability at sea.

РОЛЬ РАЗРАБОТКИ И ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ ПЕРЕДОВЫХ ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ В ЭКОНОМИКЕ ЗНАНИЙ РОССИИ И СЕВЕРО-ЗАПАДА

The problem of the development and use of advanced technologies posed in the article is relevant in connection with the objective needs of the development of the knowledge economy in Russia and the regions. The information base of the study was made up of official data of the Federal State Statistics Service of Advanced Production Technologies for 2020–2022, presented in the Russian Federation and in the context of the Russian Federation subjects. The key concept of the work is formed on the methodological basis of quality economics, which allows conducting interdisciplinary research of fundamental and applied importance. The ratio analysis of different advanced technologies groups in the economy of Russia and the Northwestern Federal District is carried out, the dynamics of changes in the development and use of advanced production technologies in the period characterized by the greatest instability due to internal changes and the effects of external shocks is investigated. The leading groups of advanced technologies in the country as a whole and in the region are identified, and the contribution of the Northwestern macro-region AMTs to the total number of developed and used AMTs in Russia is assessed. The conclusion is made about the decisive role of the Northwestern District in the development of the most important groups of technologies for the country: production, processing, transportation and assembly, design and engineering, technologies ofautomated identification, surveillance and/or control. The solution of the complex task of combining technological development and the formation of new standards of quality of life based on the quality economics is designated as a direction for further research.

The current state of the wine market in Russia

This scientific article explores the current state of the winemaking market in Russia. Taking into account changing consumer preferences, economic factors and legislative norms, the authors analyze the current situation of the industry, its dynamics and development prospects. The article analyzes the wine industry. The dynamics of the growth of the viticulture industry, the importance of which lies in providing wine producers with wine materials, is considered. The structure and dynamics of sales of wine products are studied both in Russia as a whole and by region. The problem of import substitution in the Russian wine market is considered. The research is based on the analysis of statistical data and marketing research. The article examines the main market trends, including changes in consumer demand, competitive advantages of various segments and opportunities for the development of new production technologies. The presented analysis will help entrepreneurs, investors and regulators to better understand the current situation in the Russian wine market and make informed strategic decisions for the future. To study the current state of the wine market in Russia, a comprehensive methodological approach was used, including analysis of statistical data, marketing research, interviews with industry experts and analysis of the legislative framework. This approach made it possible to cover various aspects of market dynamics and identify key trends. The scientific novelty of this article lies in an updated analysis of the current state of the wine market in Russia, taking into account the latest trends and changes in the industry. The study includes up-to-date data on consumer preferences, economic factors and legislative impact on the wine market. The conclusions of the article emphasize the increasing demand for high-quality and environmentally friendly wines, the growing interest in local producers and the strengthening of the position of domestic wines in the market. The authors of the article also identified prospects for the development of new production technologies and marketing strategies to attract consumers and investors. In general, the article highlights the importance of adapting the wine industry to changing market conditions and offers practical recommendations for industry participants.

Green technology innovation, trade deficit and carbon emission transfer in agriculture under the new “dual circulation” development pattern of China

Under the new development pattern of domestic and international “dual circulation” in China, studying the relationship among green technology innovation, agricultural trade deficit (ATD) and carbon emission transfer embodied in agricultural trade (ATCT) becomes crucial for achieving coordinated and unified high-quality economic development and efficient environmental protection. Based on this, the paper uses environmental input–output model, “two-stage” decoupling and recoupling model, panel vector auto-regressive model, spatial econometric model and “rolling” Grey-BP neural network prediction model to explore present status of ATD, ATCT and their relationship, driving role of green technology innovation, as well as whether that relationship will be improving in the future. The results reveal the following: (1) China's ATD and ATCT show an increasing trend year by year, and their inter-provincial differences are gradually significant over time. The overall relationship between ATD and ATCT does not display ideally, which makes it necessary to quickly transform that relationship into reasonable and ideal state. (2) Green technology innovation has significant positive “U-shaped” and inverted “U-shaped” local effects on ATD and ATCT respectively, with a reasonable range of ATD reduction while ATCT increase valuing from 0 to 0.290, and has significant positive “U-shaped” spatial spillover effect on both without any reasonable range. The short-term effect of green technology innovation on coordinated promotion between ATD and ATCT is superior to the long-term one. (3) Green technology innovation has a significant regional heterogeneity. Regional differences must be taken into consideration seriously, and the measures adapted to local conditions are crucial. The role of fundamental and progressive green technology innovation has heterogeneity, which means that targeted development and utilization of green technology products are important. (4) Regardless of the time horizon, the relationship between ATD and ATCT will improve, which can provide a key step for coordinated development of economy and environment in agricultural trade. Therefore, in order for China to implement and promote further opening-up, reduce agricultural trade dependence, ensure food security and important agricultural product supply, as well as achieve the unity of high-quality economic development and ecological efficient protection, it is necessary to reasonably reverse trade deficit and increase carbon emission transfer in agriculture.

Current Status and Economic Analysis of Green Hydrogen Energy Industry Chain

Under the background of the power system profoundly reforming, hydrogen energy from renewable energy, as an important carrier for constructing a clean, low-carbon, safe and efficient energy system, is a necessary way to realize the objectives of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality. As a strategic energy source, hydrogen plays a significant role in accelerating the clean energy transition and promoting renewable energy. However, the cost and technology are the two main constraints to green hydrogen energy development. Herein, the technological development status and economy of the whole industrial chain for green hydrogen energy “production-storage-transportation-use” are discussed and reviewed. After analysis, the electricity price and equipment cost are key factors to limiting the development of alkaline and proton exchange membrane hydrogen production technology; the quantity, scale and distance of transportation are key to controlling the costs of hydrogen storage and transportation. The application of hydrogen energy is mainly concentrated in the traditional industries. With the gradual upgrading and progress of the top-level design and technology, the application of hydrogen energy mainly including traffic transportation, industrial engineering, energy storage, power to gas and microgrid will show a diversified development trend. And the bottleneck problems and development trends of the hydrogen energy industry chain are also summarized and viewed.

Development of Gluten-Free Bread Production Technology with Enhanced Nutritional Value in the Context of Kazakhstan.

This research aims to enhance the nutritional value of gluten-free bread by incorporating a diverse range of components, including additives with beneficial effects on human health, e.g., dietary fibers. The research was focused on improving the texture, taste, and nutritional content of gluten-free products by creating new recipes and including novel biological additives. The goal was to develop gluten-free bread with less than 3 ppm gluten content that can be eaten by people suffering from gluten sensitivity. The physical and chemical properties of gluten-free rice, corn, green buckwheat, chickpea, amaranth, and plantain flours were examined to understand their unique characteristics and the possibility of their mixing combination to achieve the desired results. Initially, nine recipes were prepared, and in survey research, four baking recipes were selected and tested. The composition of amino acids in the prepared gluten-free bread was determined. The variant made of corn, green buckwheat flour with plantain was found to be top-rated. Changes in the nutritional content of the new product were analyzed, and general regulations and nutritional values were identified. Experimental baking processes were carried out, leading to the successful formulation of gluten-free bread containing corn, green buckwheat, and plantain flour in a ratio of 40:40:20, meeting gluten-free requirements and demonstrating improved nutritional properties, as well as consumption properties, confirmed by surveys conducted on a group of consumers.