Development Of Technical Systems Research Articles

Application of Academic Potential Test for New Student Admission Using Fisher-Yates Shuffle Algorithm

The selection process of new students in educational institutions, such as in Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan (SMK) Wisata Indonesia which still uses conventional methods using paper, has several challenges. One of the main challenges is test cheating, where prospective students may try to manipulate their test results to increase their chances of being accepted. In addition, another challenge faced by SMK Wisata Indonesia is that when the number of prospective students who register is very large, managing answers and exam results can become more complicated. This research aims to design and build an Android-based Academic Potential Test application by applying the Fisher-Yates Shuffle algorithm to randomize the order of questions. This research also uses the RUP (rational Unified Process) system development technique which has several phases, namely the Inception phase, Elaboration phase, Construction phase and Transition phase. The validation testing carried out obtained overall valid results so that the application that has been designed is in accordance with user needs. Meanwhile, usability testing in the Academic Potential Test Application using the SEQ method resulted in an average Likert score for students of 6.63 with a user-friendliness percentage of around 94%. As for teachers, the Likert average score is 6.53 with a percentage of ease of use of around 93%. This shows that the Academic Potential Test Application that has been built is EASY TO USE

Exploring innovation ecosystems to facilitate the adoption of sustainable entrepreneurship: Looking beyond the Western World

ABSTRACT The objective of this research is to evaluate the effectiveness of innovation ecosystem instruments in increasing the adoption of innovation in sustainable entrepreneurship by proposing and developing a comprehensive assessment decision model. The strategy targets used in this research depend on five perspectives that are considered by decision-makers as significant for the adoption process. The decision model linked the five perspectives to ecosystem targets and various innovation ecosystem instruments which are economic, environmental, social, technical, and ethical perspectives. This research employed the Hierarchical Decision Model (HDM) as a methodology to construct a generalized ecosystem assessment model combined with the desirability curves method. The findings indicate that economic feasibility improvement and technical system development perspectives and their associated strategy targets as the most influential and important for fostering the adoption of innovation in sustainable entrepreneurship.

Reducing a Tropical Cyclone Weak-Intensity Bias in a Global Numerical Weather Prediction System

Abstract The operational Canadian Global Deterministic Prediction System suffers from a weak-intensity bias for simulated tropical cyclones. The presence of this bias is confirmed in progressively simplified experiments using a hierarchical system development technique. Within a semi-idealized, simplified-physics framework, an unexpected insensitivity to the representation of relevant physical processes leads to investigation of the model’s semi-Lagrangian dynamical core. The root cause of the weak-intensity bias is identified as excessive numerical dissipation caused by substantial off-centering in the two time-level time integration scheme used to solve the governing equations. Any (semi)implicit semi-Lagrangian model that employs such off-centering to enhance numerical stability will be afflicted by a misalignment of the pressure gradient force in strong vortices. Although the associated drag is maximized in the tropical cyclone eyewall, the impact on storm intensity can be mitigated through an intercomparison-constrained adjustment of the model’s temporal discretization. The revised configuration is more sensitive to changes in physical parameterizations and simulated tropical cyclone intensities are improved at each step of increasing experimental complexity. Although some rebalancing of the operational system may be required to adapt to the increased effective resolution, significant reduction of the weak-intensity bias will improve the quality of Canadian guidance for global tropical cyclone forecasting. Significance Statement Global numerical weather prediction systems provide important guidance to forecasters about tropical cyclone development, motion, and intensity. Despite recent improvements in the Canadian operational model’s ability to predict tropical cyclone formation, the system systematically underpredicts the intensity of these storms. In this study, we use a set of increasingly simplified experiments to identify the source of this error, which lies in the numerical time-stepping scheme used to solve the model equations. By decreasing numerical drag on the tropical cyclone circulation, intensity predictions that resemble those of other global modeling systems are achieved. This will improve the quality of Canadian tropical cyclone guidance for forecasters around the world.

System approach to building a mathematical model of a complex organizational-technical system in transport

The current situation in the synthesis of complex organizational and technical systems in transport is characterized by a significant lag in the level of development of special mathematical and software, which significantly reduces the pace of development and efficiency of complex organizational and technical systems. This, in turn, does not allow to fully use the potential opportunities of scientific and technical progress to improve complex organizational and technical systems in transport. The fact of system and circuit synthesis of complex systems, a number of important fundamental tasks of system synthesis of multi-level hierarchical systems, to which complex organizational and technical systems belong. In the literature the objective prerequisites determining the necessity, expediency and possibility of their solution have not been sufficiently considered yet.

System for remote monitoring and management of mobile and stationaryobjects and controlling of alcohol content in the blood of the personnel ofthese objects

Summary: The relevance of the development of technical systems designed to monitorthe physical condition of vehicle drivers, operators of technological equipment andpersonnel of critical information objects and blocking access to hardware and softwarecontrols of these objects in cases where it is established that their health indicatorsdeviate from the norm, includ- ing being under the influence of alcohol is argued. Theprocess of absorption, distribution and excretion of alcohol from the human body isanalyzed. It has been shown that, due to the volatility of alcohol, it is possible todetermine its concentration in the blood by analyzing deep alveolar air. The coefficientsfor converting the concentration of alcohol in deep alveolar air into the concentration ofalcohol in the blood, adopted by the legislation of different countries, are given. The basicrequirements for breath analyzers for alcohol, providing the necessary evidence of the examination results, including reliability, documentation and dating of the results are formulated. The use of an electrochemical sensor as the basis of the developed system is substantiated and the principle of its operation is described. A block diagram of the developed system for remote monitoring and control of mobile and stationary objectsand controlling the blood alcohol content of the personnel of these objects is presented.The system is based on the developed integrated circuit, controlled by a program modulewritten in the object-oriented programming language C++. The proposed system can beinstalled in any vehicles and stationary facilities and allows to monitor the level of alcohol in the blood of drivers and personnel of these facilities, to block control if thedriver/operator is intoxicated and report this to law enforcement agencies and/or the management of the enterprise. The system also monitors the speed, location and movement of moving objects in real time, notifies drivers about the situation on the route, based on information received from other controlled objects, and allows operators to control remote objects. Protecting measures against driver/operator actions aimed tofalsify the results of a blood alcohol test have been proposed.

Analysis of the Manufacturability of the Design of the Crankshaft of the Plunger Pump NTP-175, Produced at PJSC “Izhneftemash”

Currently, mining and processing of minerals plays an important role in the economy of the country. In conditions of creating artificial economic problems for the supply of high-quality equipment, there is a high demand for inexpensive plunger pumps with suitable output characteristics and a sufficiently high resource. High-pressure pumps, which create high productivity, are urgently needed in mining, chemical, processing and other industries. Domestic enterprises have long been producing this type of product in the required quantity in mass production. But even a well-established and mastered structure in production must be constantly improved to improve operational performance. In all areas of application of high-performance pumps, an increase in specific characteristics is required, and of course, everyone expects an increase in the life of this equipment. An important factor in the choice of such equipment by the operating organization is the price. Production costs consist not only of initial capital investments for the purchase of pumping equipment, but also the cost of operation and repairs. In the mining industry, transportation costs associated with long distances to remote mining sites and repair or operating bases account for most of the increase in production costs. In this case, the less obvious specific characteristics of power and performance in relation to weight and dimensions provide huge advantages when transporting such equipment to the place of operation. Thus, the improvement of such a product as a pumping unit should follow all the laws of the development of technical systems with an increase in specific characteristics, and finally, a reduction in cost, which can be obtained only by improving the manufacturability of this design in the conditions of existing production. Only by improving the design can an increase in technology and an increase in specific characteristics be achieved simultaneously. This study describes the stages of design testing for the manufacturability of one of the key elements of a plunger pump mass-produced at the PJSC “Izhneftemash”.

Multi-criteria analysis of deep pits sustainable development strategy

Relevance. Long periods of development of steeply dipping deposits necessitate multiple adjustments of mining and technical system throughout an open pit life cycle. The decisions made determine the development strategy of a mining enterprise for a long period. The complexity of making such strategic decisions depends on numerous influencing parameters. These parameters have a different impact, have a variety of units of measurement, target values, and are not only quantitative but also qualitative. There is a need for new approaches to the choice of development strategy of the mining and technical system of an open pit, as well as its main subsystem – the opening-up of an opencast system. It is proposed to base these approaches on multi-criteria decision-making methods that consider many influencing parameters. Aim. Development of a methodology for choosing a strategy for sustainable development of the deep open pit mining and technical system based on multi-criteria decision-making methods and assessment of the opening system parameters. Objects. Mining enterprise, mining and technical systems, opening system. Methods. Literature review, system analysis, multi-criteria decision making. Results. The authors have determined the main strategies for development of the mining and technical system for deep open pits. These strategies aim at achieving the sustainable development of the mining and technical system: adjustment of the current stage mining parameters; transition to a new stage of mining; transition to a combined open-underground mining; mine closure. The key role of the opening system in the structure of the mining and technical system is substantiated to ensure its sustainable development. The authors systematized the main parameters for evaluating the pit opening system and set target values for each parameter. A review of the main multi-criteria decision-making methods used to solve various problems in the mining industry is made. A rank coefficient is proposed for choosing the mining and technical system development strategy. The calculation of this coefficient is based on a combination of the fuzzy AHP and CRADIS multi-criteria methods. A method was developed for selecting a strategy for sustainable development of the mining and technical system of deep open pits. A case study was conducted on the conditions of the Maly Kuibas open pit. The obtained results strongly suggest that the best strategy with the highest ranking is the transition to the combined development method.

Employee Recruitment Decision Support System Using Analytical Hierarchy Process Method in Security Services Companies

The purpose of this study is to determine how to combine the AHP method with other techniques to develop an employee recruiting decision support system. Utilized techniques for gathering data include literature reviews, interviews, and observation. The Rapid Application Development system development technique was employed in this study. Unified Model Language is one of the techniques used in system design to help envision the structure of the system that will be created. The discussion's outcomes allow for the following deductions to be made: Using a combination of web-based AHP and SAW methodologies, the Rapid Application Development method, and the Laravel 8 framework, this research creates an employee recruiting decision support system. It is anticipated that the decision support system for staff recruiting will automate the hiring process, reducing applicant subjectivity. HRD's tasks can be made easier by decision support systems, particularly in the data verification process because the electronic files that are received ensure that they are not mixed up with other documents.

Increase development productivity by domain-specific conceptual modeling

This paper addresses the question of whether and how the development and use of a domain-specific modeling method (DSMM) can increase productivity in the development of technical systems in an industrial setting. This is because an essential prerequisite for DSMMs to become established in operational practice is that productivity increases can be achieved with them and qualitative benefits such as quality assurance, innovation potential, and the like can be exploited. After all, managers’ decisions are ultimately based on whether or not the use of a new method pays off. We illustrate our findings using the example of a DSMM development for the design and realization of electric vehicle testbeds, which we carried out as part of a cooperation project. This work sets the base for possible generalization into other automotive, mechatronic, and technical areas.

Dynamic ambulance relocation: a scoping review

ObjectivesDynamic ambulance relocation means that the operators at a dispatch centre place an ambulance in a temporary location, with the goal of optimising coverage and response times in future medical...

Use Case Point Methods For Analysis of Software Development Cost In Information Communication Technology Units of Khairun University

The Information and Communication Technology Unit (ICTU) is a technical implementation unit in the field of information and communication technology development and management. Currently, Khairun University's ICTU is undertaking a software development project, one of which involves creating an application called "Permata". In the process of developing this application, one of the common challenges faced is estimating the project costs for software development, as the developers do not yet have a standard method to determine the costs of software development. The objective of this research is to produce a Use Case Point application for estimating the costs of software development at ICTU, Khairun University. The Use Case Point (UCP) method is derived from the Function Point Analysis (FPA) method and aims to provide a simple estimation method oriented toward software project objects. The software objects involved in this method are Actor Types (UAW), Use Case Weight (UUCW), Technical System Development Complexity (TF), and Development Environment Complexity (EF). The estimated time value for developing the Permata application is 1,389.844855 man-hours, equivalent to approximately 1.904 months. The estimated cost for the Permata application is Rp129,099,127.

What is the applicability of clean production technologies for maize as a countermeasure to reduce on-farm CO2 emissions and increase crop productivity?

Agricultural production activities are the second-largest source of greenhouse gas emissions and one of the most significant sources of carbon emissions. The development of cleaner production in agriculture has become inevitable, focusing on the conservation of the ecological environment quality of the agroecological regions while maintaining sustained, stable, high productivity. Most previous studies failed to examine the quantitative effects of cleaner production methods on agricultural yields and CO2 emissions, focusing instead on the development of standardized technical frameworks and systems for cleaner production. Herein, a meta-analysis was used to evaluate the effects of fertilizer reduction and replacement, integrated straw usage, and water-saving irrigation methods on CO2 emissions and productivity of maize fields. We studied the practical applicability of cleaner production technologies in various regions of China to examine new models of cleaner production for maize cultivation. Our results show that the relationship between the adoption of maize cleaner production technologies and carbon reduction and yield increase is non-linear and influenced by many factors. Fertilizer reduction and substitution technology had the greatest effect on suppressing CO2 emissions from maize fields (−356%), while integrated straw usage technology brought about higher CO2 emissions from fields (434%) due to the return method and soil temperature. The adoption of both integrated straw usage technology (132%) and water-saving irrigation technology significantly increased maize productivity, with water-saving irrigation technology differentiating between the specific environment in which the technology was applied (90% for traditional irrigation and 229% for rainfed planting), and fertilizer reduction and substitution technology having no significant effect on changes in maize productivity. Combined with the practical applicability of cleaner production sub-technologies in maize cultivation, we identified the optimal maize cleaner production model as organic fertilizer substitution technology (proportion <50%) + straw charcoal return technology + sub-film drip irrigation technology (rainfed)/subsurface drip irrigation technology (traditional irrigation).

Determining the expediency of modernizing technical systems based on an evolutionary approach

A methodical approach to determining the necessity and expediency of modernization of complex technical systems based on the evolutionary approach is presented, which is based on the results of the analysis of technical and economic factors affecting the decision-making regarding modernization. Modernization is considered as a stage of evolution in the development of complex technical systems, and as a way to overcome the consequences of moral and physical aging and continue effective exploitation. At the same time, the process of evolution is described by some S-shaped law, which is characterized by the following stages - genesis, industrial production, conservation and development, reduction in the efficiency of application and the end of the life cycle.

CPDOS: A Web-Based AI Platform to Optimize Crop Planting Density

Increasing crop yield is a significant objective in modern agriculture, with adjusted planting density and rational fertilization strategies standing out as the foremost approaches for attaining such a goal. Through the use of modern artificial intelligence techniques such as genetic algorithms and neural networks, the CPDOS (Crop Planting Density Optimization System), an online intelligent system that can automate the modeling, optimization, and analysis of the two models, was developed in the present study. The goal of the system is to optimize the planting density model and fertilizer application in combination with other computer system development techniques. The CPDOS comprises three main modules: yield density optimization module, optimal planting density range module, and fertilization and planting density optimization module. The three modules are complemented by two modules for data input and result visualization, culminating in the comprehensive process of optimizing planting density and fertilizer allocation through the CPDOS. The CPDOS was tested using potato, corn, and soybean data, and the results show that the optimization effects of planting density and fertilizer application were satisfactory. The CPDOS is an automated crop planting optimization system that integrates algorithms and models and is driven by artificial intelligence technology. The introduction of the CPDOS reduces the barriers to utilizing these algorithms and models, facilitating wider adoption of intelligently optimized planting technology. The platform’s launch will accelerate the swift advancement of this field.

MODERN APPROACH TO THE FORMATION OF AN OBJECT OF LEGAL PROTECTION - METHOD OF SPRAYING WITH UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES

Inventive and patent-licensing work is an integral part of the activities of engineering, technical, and scientific workers in all spheres of the national economy. One of the results (types) of scientific and technical creativity is invention, which allows technically gifted individuals to express themselves: scientists, engineers, students, and other technical workers. The use of modern technical means in agriculture, for example, unmanned aerial vehicles for technological operations, prompts the creation of new approaches and methods of their effective use, which is an urgent task for agricultural enterprises, scientific, and pedagogical workers, and students. The object of the research is the method of spraying agricultural crops with unmanned aerial vehicles, as an object of legal protection. The purpose of the research is to develop an effective method of spraying agricultural plants with means of protection against pests and diseases by unmanned aerial vehicles, which is the object of legal protection of industrial property. The objectives of the research are to perform an analysis of the concepts of creativity and inventive activity of a person as a form of self-realization and overcoming technical contradictions; to carry out an analysis of the concepts of the object of the invention - the process (method) as an object of legal protection; study of the laws of development of technical systems and development of a utility model of the technological system of an unmanned aerial vehicle; development of a method of spraying field crops with unmanned aerial vehicles. The research methodology is based on the method of materialistic dialectics, methods of analysis, and synthesis of information from official sources and scientific research. As a result of the conducted research, it was established that the inventive activity of engineering and scientific workers is an integral part of the development of scientific and technical progress as a whole. The creation of fundamentally new technologies and machines, and innovative solutions in all branches of the national economy will contribute to the rapid development of our state and its entry into the system of countries with developed market relations. The object subject to legal protection is analyzed. Features of the formula for the method are described. The research proposes a modern approach to the formation of an object of legal protection, namely, a method of spraying agricultural crops with unmanned aerial vehicles. The laws of the development of technical systems are considered and a utility model of the technological system is proposed, namely - the process of spraying agricultural plants with unmanned aerial vehicles. The target function of the technological system is described and the laws of development are proposed, which will allow obtaining the optimal values of the parameters of the optimization criteria. The proposed method of aerial chemical spraying of plants with the use of sprayer drones allows for effective chemical treatment of plant crops and minimizes the inefficient use of shift work time associated with moving a mobile vehicle, thus increasing the productivity of UAVs.

Perancangan Penjadwalan Pinjaman Fixed Asset Desa dengan Penerapan Algoritma Greedy

To facilitate and streamline the activities of recording or inputting asset data in CIPELAH VILLAGE, computerization is needed in this village to schedule fixed asset loans. The fixed asset loan scheduling system is a system designed to help ease the asset cation staff when managing assets which are still manual or in writing. The research method used is literature study, field study, interview, observation, and the system development technique used is OOAD (Object Oriented Analysis Design) and the method used is the GREEDY method. The implementation and system testing stage is a stage that is carried out after the system has been analyzed and designed in detail, this stage is also the stage of implementing the system for operation. The programming language used is HTML, PHP with PHPMyAdmin database.

The Fourth Industrial Revolution and its Impact on Railways

The analysis of the stages of development of industrial production by human society based on the well-known concept of four industrial revolutions has resulted in retrospection of technical and technological development of railways during the periods between the industrial revolutions in terms of core rail engineering systems (infrastructure, rolling stock, control and management system), as well as contributed to outline prospects for foreseeable period. It has allowed to identify main directions of technical and technological development of productive forces characteristic of the fourth industrial revolution.The objective of the research was to identify those directions that are appropriate to be applied in relation to rail transport as well as to choose a few specific technical and technological solutions.In the field of digitalisation, it is proposed to focus on development and implementation of intelligent management systems for each workplace or of intelligent workplaces (IWP), which ensure development of optimal solutions for numerous operational tasks fulfilled by the dispatchers on duty at railway facilities. It has been determined that for a case of a large rail company like JSC Russian Railways creation of managers’ IWPs should be based on the scale and generality of the tasks solved at numerous similar managed objects since, for example, the number of dispatching sections reaches more than 400, the number of stations and simultaneously moving trains is of several thousand, and of train sheds and infrastructure sections is of several hundred, etc. This allows creating standard systems that are further replicated for specific workplaces while considering local specifics.Intelligent systems integrate as important elements fast-growing production of increasingly miniaturised, and to be underlined, constantly cheaper sensors, capable today of being built into almost any objects that in terms of railways comprise, for example, a wheel of a wagons or of a locomotive, engines, rails, any wagons or containers. This allows continuously monitoring the current state of any objects, as well as their nodes resulting in fundamentally new opportunities for reducing the cost of maintenance of rolling stock and infrastructure, as well as ensuring transport safety. Thus, for the first time ever, the task of achieving «absolute» rail traffic safety can be set.The article includes a forecast of the approximate time of the advent of the fifth industrial revolution and the trajectories of development of technical systems of railways for the period before its start. The use of the results of the study is supposed to facilitate to concretise directions of the promising technical and technological development of rail transport.

Preliminary Design and On-Site Testing Methodology of Roof-Cutting for Entry Retaining in Underground Coal Mine.

Entry retaining via roof cutting is a new longwall mining method that has emerged in recent years, and is characterized by high resource utilization and environmental friendliness. Due to the complexity of this method, a field study is commonly employed for process optimization. Roof blasting is a key operation for retaining the entry, and the current practice involves dynamically adjusting blasting parameters through on-site testing and postblasting monitoring. However, the existing literature lacks detailed descriptions of blasting operations, making it difficult for field engineers to replicate the results. In this study, based on a roof cutting project for entry retaining, a preliminary design of blasting parameters is made based on theories and on-site geological conditions. The on-site test methods and equipment for roof-cutting blasting are described in detail, and the fractural patterns under different blasting parameters are analyzed. After the retreat of the working face, the state of roof caving in the goaf is analyzed based on monitoring data, and the effectiveness of top cutting is evaluated through reverse analysis, leading to dynamic adjustments of the blasting parameters. This research provides a reproducible construction method for roof-cutting operations and establishes the relationship between blasting parameters and post-mining monitoring data. It contributes to the development of fundamental theories and systematic technical systems for entry retaining via roof cutting, offering high-quality case studies for similar geological engineering projects.

MATHEMATICAL MODEL AND DYNAMICS OF A PILOT CONTROL PRESSURE-REDUCING VALVE

Energy consumption is currently on the rise. To control large energy flows, larger sizes of actuators and control mechanisms are required.One of the main control elements of the system is the pressure regulator. A pressure regulator or pressure reducing valve (RV) is a device designed to reduce and continuously maintain a certain, preconfigured, pressure level («after itself»), which is different from the nominal one. High requirements are imposed on the operation of the RV to maintain the set pressure value, such as: high speed, no overshoot and static error, since the presence of these dynamic properties in the RV can cause the «start of disasters». Modern methods for the development and analysis of technical systems are based on the widespread use of mathematical models based on detailed knowledge of the processes and phenomena occurring in the systems under consideration. The use of a mathematical model is of great and urgent importance – it allows not to carry out expensive and costly physical experiments both in terms of time and money. The results obtained in the course of computer simulation can be used to optimize systems, determine operating modes and causes of possible failures. The article describes the principle of operation and the scheme of the pressure reducing valve of indirect action. The developed mathematical model of an indirect pressure reducing valve is presented. With the help of the created mathematical model, the dynamic characteristics of the indirect pressure reducing valve were analyzed depending on the change in its design parameters. The limit of stability of the pressure reducing valve is determined, when the values of which are exceeded, self-oscillations are observed in the system of the pressure reducing valve. Recommendations are given for choosing and setting the value of pressure p2 at the outlet of the reducing controlled valve. The scientific novelty of the work should include the created mathematical model of a pressure reducing controlled valve of indirect action and the results of the analysis of its dynamic properties.

Design of Web-Based E-Perpus Information System

The library of a specific MTS school in Cianjur currently employs a manual data processing system, which involves the utilization of handwritten notes in the form of notebooks. This research aims to transform the manual process of book data input and borrowing into a web-based digital medium utilizing object-oriented system development techniques and descriptive research methodologies. The application features a library menu that enables users to access a comprehensive list of available libraries remotely without needing a physical presence at the library. The software system has been developed utilizing the PHP programming language and MySQL database and is furnished with the Bootstrap framework. The findings of this investigation suggest that the utilization of computerized data processing procedures would facilitate ease of processing and yield outcomes of greater precision in contrast to manual methods.