Development Of Technical Requirements Research Articles

The Tribological and Adsorption Performance of Chlorophenyl Silicone Oil Using Different Ceramic Materials under High Temperature

With the development of technical requirements, the current challenges faced by bearing materials mainly revolve around high-temperature conditions and the trend towards material lightweighting. Full ceramic bearings are the new candidate due to their excellent properties. This article details the tribological and adsorption performance of chlorophenyl silicone oil (CPSO) as a high-temperature lubricant in ceramic tribological systems (ZrO2, Al2O3, and Si3N4). Among the three ceramic tribological systems, the lubrication performance can be ordered as Si3N4 > Al2O3 > ZrO2, as the wear rates of the ZrO2 and Al2O3 tribo-systems are almost 1135.67 and 283.33 times larger than that of the Si3N4 tribo-system, respectively. The observed results can be explained by the superior adsorption performance of CPSO on a Si3N4 ceramic surface, which was calculated by molecular dynamic simulation. The molecular dynamic simulation results show the adsorption energy of CPSO/Si3N4 is almost 54.09 and 61.18 times higher compared to that on ZrO2 and Al2O3 ceramics. These findings provide experimental and theoretical insights for understanding the lubrication performance of CPSO in a full ceramic tribo-system.

DETERMİNATİON OF TECHNICAL FEATURES OF THE NEW GENERATION ELECTRIC CARRIERS OF THE AZERBAIJANI RAILWAY

The main issues facing the locomotive economy were examined at the AzerbaijanRailways CJSC and the existing logistics base of the locomotive park was analyzed. It was expedientto purchase new locomotives showing the age structure of the Locomotive Park. For this purpose,the development of technical requirements for the production and commissioning of new locomotivesand motor vehicles, as well as the development of material and technical basis for the technicalmaintenance and repair system, as well as the development of advanced repair technology.The ATD uses the Az4A and Az8A electric locomotives from the new power circuits of staticconverters of electric motors in the main electric locomotives, and the functional circuits andenergetic diagrams of locomotives are installed. The use of asynchronous traction motors in newlocomotives is 1.5 times higher than the engine power compared to the constant dynamics of directcurrent; This allows you to increase 2.0 times, ATD can operate at rated power at all speeds, use lessnon-ferrous metals, use less environmentally friendly materials, reduce the complexity of repair andmaintenance. At the same time the number of locomotives decreases and the reliability and servicelife of locomotives increases. One of the main innovations in the new electric locomotives is thecorrect choice of structural schemes of traction transmission in the transmission of motion for thesupply of ATD.Functional diagrams and power schemes of locomotives are constructed using power supplycircuits of static converters of electric static electric locomotives in the main electric locomotivesusing electric locomotives Az4A and Az8A. The article analyzes the existing material and technicalbase of the locomotive fleet in the system of Azerbaijan Railways. The structure of the locomotive fleet and the tasks facing it are determined. The launch of international transport corridors and thegrowth of Azerbaijan's economic capacity have increased the demand for freight and passengertraffic. To this end, in connection with the purchase and commissioning of new locomotives andvehicles, the issues facing the Azerbaijani Railway will be resolved. As a result of the operation ofnew locomotives, the efficiency of the railway transport process will increase and train safety will beensured. In connection with the commissioning of new locomotives in the locomotive industry, thefollowing complex issues will be considered.

REGULATORY PROVISION OF SAFETY OF GAS TRANSPORT. CONSTRUKTIONAL DESIGN OF MOBILE COMPRESSOR STATIONS

Problem statement. The basis for the safety and efficiency of the main gas transportation in the world is the tightness of the gas transportation system. A component of the level of industrial safety and efficiency of gas transmission enterprises is the emissions of natural gas into the working area, the environment and the associated costs. Numerous methods of repairing pipeline gas transportation facilities, such as enhancing the bearing capacity of pipelines, repairing defects under gas pressure without interrupting the transportation process, etc., are either not devoid of risks from the point of view of industrial safety, or are energy and resource inefficient. The main type of repair that restores the operable state of the gas transmission system is the replacement of defective equipment, but it is still associated with the release of large volumes of natural gas into the environment. In the second decade of the 2000s, thanks to the rapid development of compressor technology and the invention of a sufficient number of ways to connect compressor units (stations) to main gas pipelines, without stopping the gas transportation process, gas transmission enterprises of the world had a real opportunity to evacuate gas from pipeline sections subject to repair (maintenance ) or accumulate it (control gas pressure in local areas), but the analysis of world experience in the development of gas pressure control technology in localized sections of gas pipelines allows us to assert that there are certain disparities between them in terms of operational safety and the complete absence of regulatory support for the transportation process in Ukraine gas using mobile compressor stations. With this approach to the production process, it is difficult to improve the safety and efficiency of the gas transportation process. The potential for reducing natural gas emissions from the world's gas industry reaches billions of cubic meters of natural gas per year. Purpose of the article. Development of technical requirements for mobile compressor units (stations), which will make it possible to design domestic gas compressor units (stations) capable of safely performing work on pumping natural gas from a localized section of the main gas pipeline to an existing main gas pipeline, within no more than 96 hours, without restrictions on gas supply to consumers. Conclusion. The technical requirements developed by us for mobile compressor units (stations) allow us to design domestic compressor units (stations) capable of safely performing work on pumping natural gas from a localized section of the main gas pipeline to the existing main gas pipeline, within no more than 96 hours, without restrictions on gas supply to consumers.

Risk assessment in development of technical requirements for designing fermentation equipment in accordance with requirements of good manufacturing practice

The object of research is the risks arising at the stage of cultivation of biological agents in fermentation equipment. The starting point of the life cycle of equipment, including fermenters, is the terms of reference, which defines all the necessary requirements that must be taken into account in the design, manufacture, installation and qualification. One of the most important and important stages of the equipment life cycle is the formation of a holistic and complete technical specification, which would allow taking into account all critical process parameters already at the stage of developing the design of the fermenter in accordance with the requirements of good manufacturing practice. It is important to note that the regulatory documents of the pharmaceutical industry (good manufacturing practices, good engineering practices, etc.) do not form specific requirements for equipment and processes, but only define general approaches to ensuring the quality system. The study used the principles of risk management, which are advisable to use throughout the entire life cycle of the equipment. The analysis of the stages of sanitary preparation (washing, disinfection and rinsing), sterilization of the fermenter and the cultivation process made it possible to determine the risks arising at the corresponding stages of production and ways to solve them. The approach to the analysis of critical parameters proposed in this work can be used to improve the development of technical specifications for a fermenter. Thanks to this, at the initial stages, a comprehensive approach to risk management is provided, which in turn will prevent the negative impact of external factors on the final product. Another aspect of using the research results is the possibility of forming fermenter validation protocols. The results obtained in this work can also be used in the development and scaling of the cultivation process for the production of active pharmaceutical ingredients in biopharmaceutical production.

Development of technical requirements for generating units of distributed energy resources in the conditions of electric power systems transformation

The paper describes the prospects for commissioning distributed energy resources (DER) in Russia and considers the historical features, as well as the consequences of structural, qualitative, and quantitative changes in Russia’s UES. The main short and long-term transformational changes, as well as current and future challenges, are described. The main changes in the circuit and operating conditions when integrating DERs into distribution grids in the mass scale are shown. The authors justify the need for making changes in the existing technical requirements for power equipment, relay protection, and automation instruments. Technical requirements for the distributed generation plants and new types of equipment (energy storage systems, devices with power converters, etc.) should be developed. The paper proposes a new approach to the development of the DER-based power distribution schemes considering the specifics of modern generating units and loads. It is noted that solving these issues will ensure reliable DER functioning as part of power systems.

Development of Technical Requirements for On-Board Cryogenic Fuel Systems of Belaz Dump Trucks

The state-of-the-art of the issue of the efficiency and relevance of the use of liquefied natural gas (LNG) as a motor fuel in the operation of dump trucks is considered. An analysis of the benefits of using LNG as a motor fuel is given. It is noted that, LNG seems to be the most promising alternative to oil types of motor fuel in the segment of open-pit truck haulage. It is affirmed that in Russia, in Kuzbass, the group of companies successfully implemented for the first time an integrated project for the production of LNG and its consumption in relation to BelAZ dump trucks. Data on the relevance and the need to develop technical requirements for on-board cryogenic fuel systems of mine dump trucks are given. Data on the developed groups of technical requirements for on-board cryogenic fuel systems of BelAZ dump trucks are given. It is said that the developed technical requirements made it possible to solve a number of tasks related to the development of circuit and design solutions for equipping BelAZ dump trucks with cryogenic systems. It is argued that the developed technical requirements will contribute to the further development of domestic projects for the production and consumption of liquefied natural gas.

ФОРМИРОВАНИЕ МОДЕЛИ ПРОЕКТИРОВАНИЯ СИСТЕМЫ «ДОРОЖНЫЕ УСЛОВИЯ - ТРАНСПОРТНЫЕ ПОТОКИ» И ПУТИ ЕЕ РЕАЛИЗАЦИИ

A model for managing the system "road conditions - traffic flows" is proposed that allows to ensure the functioning of the complex "driver - car - road - environment" in any weather and climate conditions. The analysis of the proposed model and target functional shows that optimization of the "road conditions - traffic flow" system can proceed in many directions, the main of which are: optimal development and placement of the network of forest roads, improving their technical level and level of maintenance, road engineering equipment , efficient traffic management, excluding the rational distribution of forest traffic on the network of forest roads and the management modes on individual logging roads and sections of forest roads. The developed model makes it possible to carry out a theoretical analysis and experimental verification of the interaction between «driver-car-road-environment" system in order to identify the reserves of increasing efficiency of its operation and purposeful management of this process. Transport-operational characteristics of logging roads are the main factors that shape the conditions of timber transport on the road, mode, convenience and safety of traffic and determine the efficiency of road transport, and connections of many characteristics of roads with the traffic modes have deterministic, corrective character. These patterns are the basis for the development of technical requirements for logging roads. The proposed model for integrated creation and management of the functioning of a forest road may already be implemented. However, the design of roads is expedient to provide complex control engineering and organizational measures to ensure the estimated traffic conditions during the whole period of operation of the road, regardless of the time of year and weather and climate conditions. Evaluation of the effectiveness of taken decisions should be made with mandatory consideration for ensuring the required performance of logging road in adverse periods of the year and in difficult weather conditions

The role of nature-conformity presentation of data in the creation of an information system for the management of science and education

The role of nature-conformity in the expansion interpretation for the presentation of open data in the creation of an information system for the management of science and education is determined. The principle of nature-conformity in our definition is represented as the genesis and development of systems according to their own internal (immanent, natural and / or cultural) and external - the surrounding socio-cultural and natural-biological nature. In this context, the novelty of the research is to develop such an important parameter for the modern era in the creation of information systems as the open data presentation. The unique character of the paper is also in the development of technical requirements, and in exploring the possibility of filling the information management system of science and education developed with open data. The article outlines the prospects for the practical use of the information system for the management of science and education. It is emphasized that due to the use of open data it will be possible to integrate all the developed models, tools, principles and create a modern Russian information management system for science and education in accordance with the principle of prudence of forming systems. The following issues were developed in the research: a structural and semantic analysis of the concept of «open data» was carried out; examples of successful work with open data are presented to the discussion by various organizations - state, commercial, banking, etc.;an analysis of some provisions of the state strategy of scientific and technical development of Russia is made; requirements are created for the information system of expert-textual analysis of scientific and educational research. The conducted research has showed that the role of nature-conformity in the presentation of open data in the creation of such an information management system is great and continues to grow in connection with the development of Internet technologies. This corresponds to the realities of the present and reflects development prospects, leading trends.

An evaluation of the social perspective in the development of technical requirements

Uses a qualitative methodology to examine how discourse norms and socialization processes affect the development of technical requirements. Our exploratory investigation of how government personnel develop and review technical requirements indicates that discourse norms and academic technical writing socialization processes affect the technical writing process. Technical writers perceived that requirements in work statements became less precise as more requirements were coordinated in team-based designs. In essence, we found that, in team-based designs, interpretation conflict and technical diffusion were important dimensions when writing and coordinating technical requirements. Our findings suggest that collaborative technical writing is a complex and difficult process in team-based designs where integration and persuasion skills dominate.