Development Of Sustainable Systems Research Articles

Practical Sustainable Software Development in Architectural Flexibility for Energy Efficiency Using the Extended Agile Framework

Many regular business operations are transforming into digital services, increasing advanced multi-platforms, rapid operational alignment, flexibility, and environmental impact through energy consumption, hardware waste, and technology investments. Flexible and sustainable system development models emphasizing energy efficiency can help innovate software development as digital servicing applications shift. This research is motivated by the need to improve energy consumption in early software design and development due to rising technological efficiency and sustainability demands. Although effective in iterative development and stakeholder engagement, traditional Agile methodologies often struggle with long-term sustainability and energy efficiency. Extended Agile, combining Agile, layered architecture, and aspect-oriented frameworks (ALAI), promises to improve system modularity, flexibility, maintainability, and sustainability. This study’s findings are not just theoretical, but also practically relevant, as they explore the energy efficiency of ALAI software development methodologies, using graduate admission information system services (GAISS) as an example. GAISS is a complex system that handles the entire process of graduate admissions, from application submission to final decision. The study quantifies the energy usage of a student-list webpage by analyzing Microsoft IIS server logs from February 2022 to May 2024. Directly applicable findings show that the GAISS based on the ALAI framework reduces energy consumption by 10.7914% compared to traditional Agile software developments. ALAI used 892.80 kWh versus Agile’s 1000.80 kWh during operations, saving energy. These findings demonstrate the benefits of integrating aspect-oriented frameworks and layering approaches into Agile methodologies, contributing to sustainable software development discourse. The study emphasizes the importance of energy-efficient frameworks such as ALAI to reduce software systems’ environmental impact and promote software development sustainability. The findings of this study, with their practical relevance, assist software developers and organizations in choosing software design and development methods that maximize operational efficiency and environmental sustainability.

Low-Cost Recognition of Plastic Waste Using Deep Learning and a Multi-Spectral Near-Infrared Sensor.

This work presents an approach for the recognition of plastics using a low-cost spectroscopy sensor module together with a set of machine learning methods. The sensor is a multi-spectral module capable of measuring 18 wavelengths from the visible to the near-infrared. Data processing and analysis are performed using a set of ten machine learning methods (Random Forest, Support Vector Machines, Multi-Layer Perceptron, Convolutional Neural Networks, Decision Trees, Logistic Regression, Naive Bayes, k-Nearest Neighbour, AdaBoost, Linear Discriminant Analysis). An experimental setup is designed for systematic data collection from six plastic types including PET, HDPE, PVC, LDPE, PP and PS household waste. The set of computational methods is implemented in a generalised pipeline for the validation of the proposed approach for the recognition of plastics. The results show that Convolutional Neural Networks and Multi-Layer Perceptron can recognise plastics with a mean accuracy of 72.50% and 70.25%, respectively, with the largest accuracy of 83.5% for PS plastic and the smallest accuracy of 66% for PET plastic. The results demonstrate that this low-cost near-infrared sensor with machine learning methods can recognise plastics effectively, making it an affordable and portable approach that contributes to the development of sustainable systems with potential for applications in other fields such as agriculture, e-waste recycling, healthcare and manufacturing.

Polydopamine-immobilized yeast cells for portable electrochemical biosensors applied in environmental copper sensing

The coupling of biological organisms with electrodes enables the development of sustainable, low cost, and potentially self-sustained biosensors. A critical aspect is to obtain portable bioelectrodes where the biological material is immobilized on the electrode surface to be utilized on demand. Herein, we developed an approach for the rapid entrapment and immobilization of metabolically active yeast cells in a biocompatible polydopamine layer, which does not require a separate and time-consuming synthesis. The reported approach allows obtaining the “electrical wire” of intact and active yeast cells with resulting current generation from glucose oxidation. Additionally, the electrochemical performance of the biohybrid yeast-based system has been characterized in the presence of CuSO4, a widely used pesticide, in the environmentally relevant concentration range of 20–100 μM. The system enabled the rapid preliminary monitoring of the contaminant based on variations in current generation, with a limit of detection of 12.5 μM CuSO4. The present approach for the facile preparation of portable yeast-based electrochemical biosensors paves the way for the future development of sustainable systems for environmental monitoring.

Sustainable system development for efficient management of waste tires through gasification and solar energy for useful outputs: A thermodynamic analysis

In this study, a solar based integrated waste tires gasification system with desalination is developed, and the respective analyses of this system are performed for multiple useful outputs, including electricity, hydrogen, fresh water as well as heat provided to the community. The thermodynamic assessment of this system is performed by using energy and exergy analyses. Moreover, both energy analysis and exergy analysis are performed for essentially investigating and evaluating the performance of the overall system. Moreover, analyses of the effects of varying operating conditions on the subsystems’ efficiencies are carried out. Both Aspen Plus and Engineering Equation Solver software packages are used for thermodynamic analyses and simulations. In this integrated system, solar energy is the prime source and utilized for producing steam. This study aims to bring up a unique solution for better resources management and sustainability. Furthermore, the waste tires are gasified to produce syngas in the designed system where both Rankine and Brayton cycles are utilized for producing electricity and heat. In addition to this, excess heat is transferred to the desalination system for producing fresh water. For improving the overall system performance, some parametric studies are performed to investigate both energy and exergy efficiencies. The energy efficiency of the integrated system is therefore calculated as 38.9 % while the exergy efficiency of this system is found to be 34.6 %. For the developed system, electricity generation and amount of heating are also calculated as 58.65 MW and 7.35 MW respectively. Moreover, the hydrogen and freshwater production capacities are determined to be 0.75 kg/s and 355.40 kg/s respectively.

Results of Long Term Fertiliser Experiments - Use in Sustainable Soil Fertility Protection Measures

Long-term experimental research is a model for a superior approach to the long-term effects of vegetation and plant production factors, in relation to the modification of soil-plant components, their productivity, environmental protection and food security. In their fairly well-established and evaluated existence of 180 years, one can assess and record the existence of these experiments on almost all continents, with particular and relevant responses to be implemented for the development of sustainable systems in the development of agriculture and the resolution in time of contemporary challenges for both agriculture and the environment. (Recording of the 180th anniversary of the founding of the "long term model" at Rothamsted - "Three - day hybrid event hosted online and at Rothamsted Research, West Common Harpenden" UK, 20th-22nd June 2023). This paper aims to interpret the changes in the soil-plant system, based on studies and research in experimental and soil analysis field, after long term effects in the experiments at Băcăinți - OSPA Alba and Turda - SCDA, with subsequent proposals for protection and increase of soil fertility and environmental conditions. In the same context, certain interpretations and limits are promoted in the foundation of agrochemical measures for fertility modelling and increased effect of fertilizers.

Sustainable development of the system of formal cyber education: reflection of modern concepts

The article defines the conceptual framework for sustainable development of the formal cyberworld system. An analysis of contemporary regulatory, legal, and scientific sources on the preparation of cyber specialists for the security and defense sector has been conducted. The main research methods identified are synthesis, comparative analysis, focusing method, and cause-and-effect method. The new U.S. Cybersecurity Strategy addressing cyber education issues has been analyzed, which sets new requirements for cyber professionals in the context of the transformation of the global and national security environment. The use of analysis data from EU cybersecurity educational programs revealed the characteristic variability of the cybersecurity educational landscape in the EU and helped identify key gaps in the preparation of future professionals. It has been demonstrated that the integration of Ukrainian cyber education into the Euro-Atlantic educational space should occur through the updating of cybersecurity curricula based on the best international practices, the establishment of a unified system for accreditation, certification, and the development of cyber e-learning platforms for formal education. The competency-based approach in the preparation of cyber specialists is identified as a priority direction in research across various fields of knowledge. It has been revealed that there is a hysteresis of skills within the knowledge-ability-skill triad, acquired during education, in relation to the demands of advanced technologies in professional activities.

UNDERSTANDING RESILIENCE OF AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW

AbstractResilience is a widely studied concept that is a key objective in the design and development of sustainable systems. This is especially true for the agricultural systems critical to food production, economic viability, and sustainability of our communities, as farmers seek to meet increasing demand in the face of shocks such as climate change and natural disasters. Although there is a rich body of work examining resilience, there is limited understanding of how the concept of resilience should be tailored for agricultural systems. This study seeks to address this gap by performing a systematic literature review of 50 papers selected from SCOPUS using the PRISMA protocol. A summary of research topics and characteristics by geographical region is presented. The paper also categorizes the types of shocks studied and the corresponding response methods. Results suggest that the focus of resilience research changes by region, which may indicate that design strategies and objectives should also differ by region. Furthermore, the work identifies a need for more simulation-based quantitative research into the impact of resilience.

A comprehensive, semi-automated systematic literature review (SLR) design: Application to P-graph research with a focus on sustainability

Because of the vast number of academic products with focus on sustainability being currently generated, it is becoming exceedingly difficult and time-consuming to perform accurate literature reviews that have actual relationship with such a topic and correctly reflect its state of the art. Thus, this work proposes a comprehensive Systematic Literature Review (SLR) design as a novel approach for collecting the body of contributions for any given research field in general and sustainability in particular. This design is guided by a semi-automated procedure that aims at incorporating the best automation features of earlier SLRs and involves available scientific databases, e.g., Scopus and Web of Science. The results of the proposed SLR design include bibliometric analyses, a list of researcher and institution networks, and a qualitative assessment of practical applications of the field of interest. Moreover, the proposed semi-automated approach allows for the inclusion of subject categorization based on the generation of author-density maps and keyword co-occurrence networks. For illustration, the semi-automated SLR design is implemented by thoroughly reviewing the contributions pertaining to the P-graph (Process Graph) framework with a focus on sustainability. The P-graph framework has been applied to multiple areas, such as network design, optimization, and system integration; in particular, the framework has proven to be useful for the development of sustainable systems. Upon execution, the semi-automated SLR design collected 284 contributions related to P-graph, of which 139 were classified as sustainability-related, and further partitioned into specific categories. It is expected that the proposed semi-automated SLR design will help researchers in the sustainability community accelerate the generation of works in that area by rapidly generating accurate literature reviews.

Sustainable Development of Business Economy Based on Big Data Algorithm under the Background of Low-Carbon Economy

After the low-carbon economy (LCE) was proposed, countries all over the world examined their national economic structures and found the necessity for developing a LCE. Therefore, it is necessary to vigorously develop low-carbon technologies and improve technological and policy innovation capabilities. From the perspective of promoting the coordinated development of the low-carbon economic system and regional sustainable development, this paper conducted an in-depth analysis of the coordinated development of the low-carbon economic system and regional environmental issues by using the relevant theories of sustainable development, low-carbon economics, and environmental economics. The index system of the low-carbon economic system and regional sustainable development was constructed, and the coupling degree model and regional coupling coordination degree model suitable for the development of the low-carbon economic system and regional sustainable development were established. On the basis of analyzing the status quo of a LCE and the environment in a coastal area, it was finally concluded that in the next five years, the value of the coupling coordination degree of the LCE and its sustainable system development would continue to approach 1 and grow steadily.

Physical model of the process of sliding cutting for innovative development of sustainable systems of agrarian-and-food production

Sliding cutting is considered the most advanced way of material cutting due to its technological efficiency. Its implementation is in focus in the practice of cutting machines designing. Sliding cutting is the most promising type of cutting for elastic-viscous-plastic food materials. The article covers the operation process of the fracture micromechanism during sliding cutting, presents the developed physical model of the formation of a new surface as a result of the simultaneous introduction of the cutting edge and the contact interaction of the working surfaces of the blade with the material being cut. In the conclusion the authors prove that the stretched zone of the material is located directly under the blade and accessible to the action of microteeth, which increases the efficiency of sliding cutting.

PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL ATTRIBUTES AND CARBON STOCKS IN A YELLOW ACRISOL IN DISTINCT USE AND MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS IN WESTERN AMAZON

Understanding and measuring the impacts of soil use and management systems on the soil physical, chemical properties and carbon stocks is fundamental for the development of sustainable systems in Western Amazônia. The present study evaluated the alterations in the soil physical, chemical properties, and carbon stocks after the substitution of a native forest (NF) into a pasture (PAST) and agroforestry system (AS) in a yellow Acrisol. In each soil use system, we opened four pits to collect soil samples with preserved structure, for the determination of soil bulk density (BD). We also collected samples with altered structure, for the determination of soil total organic carbon, pH (H 2 O), Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , K + , P, remaining P, Al 3+ and H+Al at the 0-5, 5-10, 10-15, 15-20, 20-30, 30-40 and 40-50 cm layers. The change in the soil use system from the NF, independently on the agroecosystem (PAST or AS), increased the soil bulk density values, mainly at the 5 to 20 cm layers, with higher values in the PAST. The nutrients evaluated and the soil total organic carbon presented low concentrations, being increased by the soil use change from the NF to PAST and AS. Thus, the basic cations and the available P are below the minimum thresholds and concentrated at the soil first layers. The PAST and AS increased the concentrations of these basic cations, and the soil carbon stock was not altered when compared to the NF, however, there was an increase in the soil bulk density, this increase was more profound in the PAST. Keywords : Acre, agroforestry system, native forest, pasture, soil conservation

Improving the Carbon Footprint of Managing Food and Packaging Waste in the Food Industries

This study's objective is to examine waste management systems for the food sector, to identify longer lasting and circular processes. In a particular case study, a food industry waste management system was assessed and improved. To collect information and data from Lean Six Sigma, the DMAIC (Define – Measure – Analysis – Improved – Control) Model was employed. A carbon footprint was calculated to determine the waste management system's sustainable development and to compare the consequences of various CO2 waste disposal technologies for each category. The food business makes a sizable contribution to waste production in a consumer society. Food businesses are critical in addressing resource efficiency and waste prevention concerns. The circular economy and retail have begun to take this path as a significant alternative to the standard business paradigm. In the food business, a new waste management system has been implemented that has demonstrated enhanced performance. Our comparison of various waste treatment methods, particularly in the circular economy, emphasizes the importance of recycling. We then concentrated on organic material and compared their composability and anaerobic digestion to the category of garbage. Anaerobic digestion has been shown to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Other food businesses can manage similar improvement programs directly without duplicating the analysis. Future study on biogas and other organic waste by products will benefit from our findings. Lean Six Sigma and other environmental technologies could be integrated into the circular economy.

Pectin-containing phytodrinks of adaptogenic action as an essential factor of development of sustainable systems of agrarian-and-food production

This article presents the results of research on samples of raw materials for the production of phytodrinks: hawthorn, Chinese lemongrass, rosehip, mountain ash, a mixture of mint and thyme leaves. The content of pectin substances, vitamins, micro and macronutrients, and the mass concentration of polyphenolic compounds were determined. Based on the obtained data, phytodrinks of the PHYTO PECTO series were developed and studied, containing liquid apple pectin, extracts from the studied fruits, stevia extract, mint and thyme leaf extract. The obtained results prove that the developed samples of phytodrinks contain a high amount of biologically active compounds and can be recommended for the diet of modern humans.

Development of sustainable systems of food production of chopped semi-finished products

Currently, the food industry is carried out with the use of food additives. Many world scientists are working on the formation of new nutritional supplements or improving existing supplements. There are nearly two thousand nutritional supplements around the world, and of course, there is a need to improve them. In the meat industry, additives developed according to their own recipe are used in the manufacture of products. The use of such additives depends on the purpose of the manufacturer. Skeptics argue that nutritional supplements are only needed to increase sales. The topic of the introduction of food additives, namely with a high content of vitamins, is very relevant in our time. Today, there is practically no food left, wherever nutritional supplements are used.

Development of sustainable systems of food production using spirulina platensis dairy technology as a functional filler

The current state of the food system is an important problem, the solution of which is aimed at meeting the needs of the food market and the population in food products of domestic production at the level of necessary consumption. To increase the sustainability of the development of the food system, it is necessary to stimulate economic activity, create conditions for accessibility to attracted resources and economic activity. The promotion of new business models of production with the participation of microalgae Spirulina platensis and products based on it can play a certain role in solving the problem of food supply.

Accessing Nystatin through Mariculture.

Understanding our oceans and their marine ecosystems has enabled the development of sustainable systems for mariculture. While the bulk of studies to date have focused on the production of food, its remarkable expanse has inspired the translation of other markets towards aquatic environments. This manuscript outlines an approach to pharmaceutical mariculture, by demonstrating a benchmark for future prototyping. Here, design, field evaluation and natural product chemistry are united to successfully produce nystatin at sea. This study begins by evaluating new designs for culture flasks, illustrating a next step towards developing self-contained bioreactors for culturing in marine environments. Through pilot studies, an underwater system was developed to cost effectively produce cultures that yielded 200 mg of nystatin per deployment. Overall, this study demonstrates the potential for the practical culturing of microbes in a marine environment and provides an important next step for the fledgling field of molecular mariculture.

Lessons learnt from the rapid implementation of reusable personal protective equipment for COVID-19 in Malawi

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has challenged health systems and healthcare workers worldwide. Access to personal protective equipment (PPE) is essential to mitigate the risk of excess mortality in healthcare providers. In...

Conceptual model for managing sustainable development of the financial market based on fuzzy cognitive maps: case study of Kazakhstan

Kazakhstan's financial market, being relatively small in size, does not have the ability to compensate for the needs of economic entities for financing development through market mechanisms. Therefore, a decision support tool is needed to ensure continued growth. The solution was to use a fuzzy cognitive map and a method for constructing indicators of the system's sustainable development which included a set of three types of subsystem: economic, financial institutions, and financial markets. The sample, containing data from between 1993 and 2018, uses 31 indicators of the economic development of Kazakhstan to reflect the ability of the system to develop in terms of depth, accessibility, efficiency, stability, integration, innovation, and cognitive approach of the economic agents. The current state of the financial market for the period up to 2025 indicates initial shallow depth and slow progress requiring increased investment, GDP growth and reduced inflation to stimulate its development.

Memristive effect with non-zero-crossing current-voltage hysteresis behavior based on Ag doped Lophatherum gracile Brongn

The memristive effect become a bio-electronics research focus with the development of sustainable systems and the application of multifunctional electronic devices. In this paper, the natural Lophatherum gracile Brongn (LGB) was employed as active layer to prepare Ag/LGB/fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) bio-memristor. Further, different doping ratios nano silver powders (Ag nanoparticle) were doped into LGB functional layers at 0 wt%, 0.2 wt%, 0.33 wt%, 1.0 wt%, 2.0 wt%, 10.0 wt% and 20.0 wt%. It is found that the capacitive-coupled memristive performance of the Ag/Ag-doped-LGB/FTO devices was markedly changed. Finally, it is confirmed that Ag ions transferring and Ag filament formation under the applied voltage are responsible for capacitive-coupled memristive behavior. This research has revealed the realization of capacitive-coupled memristive effect of bio-memristor, which opens a new way to achieve multifunctional performance for electronic device.

Conceptual model for managing sustainable development of the financial market based on fuzzy cognitive maps: case study of Kazakhstan

Kazakhstan's financial market, being relatively small in size, does not have the ability to compensate for the needs of economic entities for financing development through market mechanisms. Therefore, a decision support tool is needed to ensure continued growth. The solution was to use a fuzzy cognitive map and a method for constructing indicators of the system's sustainable development which included a set of three types of subsystem: economic, financial institutions, and financial markets. The sample, containing data from between 1993 and 2018, uses 31 indicators of the economic development of Kazakhstan to reflect the ability of the system to develop in terms of depth, accessibility, efficiency, stability, integration, innovation, and cognitive approach of the economic agents. The current state of the financial market for the period up to 2025 indicates initial shallow depth and slow progress requiring increased investment, GDP growth and reduced inflation to stimulate its development.