Development Of Supply Systems Research Articles

Liquid air energy storage system with oxy-fuel combustion for clean energy supply: Comprehensive energy solutions for power, heating, cooling, and carbon capture

Liquid air energy storage systems have garnered significant attention in the energy storage sector because of their high energy density and geographical independence. However, despite their substantial potential for improving renewable energy-based systems, their commercialization is hindered by their low round-trip efficiency. Furthermore, dependency on other thermal systems and environmental challenges remain unresolved, despite efforts to address these limitations. This study proposes an independent liquid air energy storage system that offers effective energy solutions, including the ability to provide power, heating, and cooling with improved efficiency and sustainability. Moreover, in-depth assessments of the energy, exergy, economic, and environmental performance were conducted. Under rated conditions, the system delivers 118.19 MW of power, 38.64 MW of heating, and 81.07 MW of cooling, achieving a round-trip efficiency of 80.56 %. Additionally, the system generates nitrogen as a by-product, providing further economic benefits. An economic analysis revealed that it yields a net present value of $636.51 million and an internal rate of return of 25.67 %. Environmentally, the system uses an oxy-fuel combustion method to capture 99.997 % of carbon dioxide emissions from natural gas combustion without consuming additional energy. These findings will contribute to the future development of sustainable and eco-friendly energy supply systems.

Isotopic heterogeneity in U.S. Urban water supply systems reflects climatic, environmental, and sociodemographic factors: Implications for forensic identification.

The forensic application of stable oxygen isotope data from human tissues depends on naturally occurring isotopic variation in drinking water across geographic areas. One factor which complicates interpretation of forensic data is local variability: if a wide range of drinking water values is in a small geographic region it may be difficult to identify or rule out that region as a location of origin. We examine data from community collection programs documenting tap water isotope variation within 30 cities\developed areas throughout the United States. Isotopic variation within individual developed areas ranged widely, from essentially nil to greater than 9‰ (δ18O interdecile range). Many (14/30) of the study areas exhibited multi-modal isotope distributions, even in cases where the isotopic range was very small (e.g., <2.0‰), suggesting that the use of multiple, isotopically different sources was common. Most variation was attributed to differences in the source-region altitude or degree of evaporation for different water sources, and we observe limited variation in areas where contrasts in these variables are small. Variation tended to be largest in cities across the western USA. We explored correlations between the magnitude of local isotopic variation and climatic, environmental, and socioeconomic variables. We found that higher levels of variation occurred at sites where local water resources were likely to be more isotopically heterogeneous and in lower supply, consistent with the development of supply systems in these areas that access diverse and isotopically heterogeneous water resources. We also found that variation was positively correlated with larger developed areas, suggesting that pressures related to city growth may affect the degree to which infrastructure tapping diverse water resources is developed. Collectively, our results suggest that the influence of local tap water isotope heterogeneity on the precision of forensic geolocation is systematic and somewhat predictable, information to be factored into future applications.

About expediency of changing the connection diagram of hot water supply units

PURPOSE. The article is devoted to an urgent problem for domestic district heating. A widespread situation is considered when consumers from heat supply systems with a closed connection scheme for hot water supply plants are switched to an open heat supply system from a thermal power plant. METHODS. Study of operating modes of operating heat supply systems was performed. Data collection was carried out using an online system for monitoring and commercial accounting of energy resources. Methodology for calculation of compared mode parameters is proposed. RESULTS. Using the example of the existing heat supply system, it is shown that the effect of the measure to switch subscribers of uneconomical boiler houses to heat sources with combined heat and power generation is leveled by legislative restrictions on the development of open heat supply systems, as well as by the regulatory method for determining heat consumption in hot water supply systems. The main technical and economic indicators were selected for comparative analysis of the operation of the centralized heat supply system in conditions of complete switching of hot water supply plants according to an open circuit and in the presence of a certain number of hot water supply plants with a closed connection scheme. CONCLUSION. The period of inefficient operation of the centralized heat supply system was determined and the amount of annual economic damage was calculated, which made it possible to prove the need to bring all schemes for connecting hot water supply plants in one heat supply system to a single type.

Development of airfield electrical power systems for military aircrafts

The article presents selected problems in the operation of airport power supply systems (LZE), resulting from the growing needs in terms of increasing power and ensuring the appropriate quality of electrical energy supplied to aircraft installations and receivers. The main stages of development of airport power supply systems for aircraft are reviewed. The basic technical structures of airport power supplies for aircraft were presented, divided into two groups: stationary (without the possibility of moving and with the possibility of moving) and mobile (placed on wheels that are an integral part of the LZE structure, including self-propelled with operator's cabin, self-propelled without operator's cabin, mobile but not self-propelled).The basic principles of cooperation of LZE systems with the aircraft's on-board electrical network and a description of the organizational and technical structure of military ground-based power supply systems are given. The main direction of current work is the results of technical analysis of selected damages to airport power supply systems and proposals to improve the situation on the example of airport control devices LUK-1 and LUK-2 built at ITWL, dedicated to diagnosing the technical condition of LZE systems.

An ML-Based Solution in the Transformation towards a Sustainable Smart City

The rapid development of modern information technology (IT), power supply, communication and traffic information systems and so on is resulting in progress in the area of distributed and energy-efficient (if possible, powered by renewable energy sources) smart grid components securely connected to entire smart city management systems. This enables a wide range of applications such as distributed energy management, system health forecasting and cybersecurity based on huge volumes of data that automate and improve the performance of the smart grid, but also require analysis, inference and prediction using artificial intelligence. Data management strategies, but also the sharing of data by consumers, institutions, organisations and industries, can be supported by edge clouds, thus protecting privacy and improving performance. This article presents and develops the authors’ own concept in this area, which is planned for research in the coming years. The paper aims to develop and initially test a conceptual framework that takes into account the aspects discussed above, emphasising the practical aspects and use cases of the Social Internet of Things (SIoT) and artificial intelligence (AI) in the everyday lives of smart sustainable city (SSC) residents. We present an approach consisting of seven algorithms for the integration of large data sets for machine learning processing to be applied in optimisation in the context of smart cities.

DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENTIFIC FOUNDATIONS AND METHOD OF AUTONOMOUS POWER AND GAS SUPPLY OF REMOTE CONSUMERS FROM GAS DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS

The development and implementation of independent power supply systems with a high degree of autonomy is becoming an urgent task for the development of remote and inaccessible regions of the country, both due to the lack of energy capacities and accessible networks in newly developed areas, and the high cost of allocating separate power lines for remote and compact settlements. The increase in the scale of central networks is associated with high capital investments and long project implementation time, which creates inconvenience for consumers and the development of small and medium-sized enterprises. At the same time, unlike power supply, gasification issues, which are actively being resolved in all regions of the country, make it possible to connect new consumers of natural gas several times faster and cheaper, which is due to the high manufacturability and speed of construction of polyethylene gas pipelines of distribution networks, provided that gas pipelines pass in the region. In addition to lower capital and operating costs, the process of transporting energy resources through pipelines in the form of a primary source — gas — is characterized by significantly lower losses compared to water and electricity. At the same time, network gas in combination with trigeneration technologies and cryogenic hydrocarbon storage can be used not only as boiler fuel, but also as motor fuel, a source for generating electricity, heat and even cold with a replenished autonomous reserve. Thus, as an alternative solution to traditional power systems, it is proposed to use hybrid power systems — systems based on trigeneration plants with gas piston installations, turbine and screw machines, as well as cryogenic gas storage facilities that can provide the population with electricity, heat, cold and motor fuel. The article analyzed the state and development of the fuel and energy complex in Russia, conducted a study of the needs for heat, gas and electricity for an average compact settlement with small and medium-sized enterprises. Analysis and selection of equipment parameters for uninterrupted autonomous power supply of the economy was carried out.

STEADY ENERGY DEVELOPMENT IN ALGERIA: AN OVERVIEW

Under the goals of the Paris Agreement aimed at addressing climate change, the construction of sustainable energy systems is emphasized. Using the example of the Republic of Algeria, this article ana-lyzes the stated objective of achieving the necessary potential for the development of systems with re-newable energy sources, the current state, and the possibilities of the energy system, as well as the dy-namics of distributed generation facilities. Factors influencing the development of generation systems are identified, including the country's geographical location, availability of specific natural resources, and the development of energy infrastructure. A path to achieving climate neutrality is proposed through the exploration of internal reserves, such as enhancing the energy efficiency of the most widespread consumers of electricity. The research focus-es on the factors influencing the development of generation systems based on renewable energy sources. The methods employed include analysis and synthesis of the existing situation in the field of electricity supply system development. The study aims to identify factors for achieving the goals of the energy transition in the Republic of Algeria. The results of the study include determining pathways for the development of energy systems to construct sustainable energy.

A facile and scalable fabrication method of scrolled graphene/boron nitride-based van der Waals superlattice heterostructure materials for highly stable supercapacitor electrode application.

Due to the increasing demand for the development of efficient renewable energy supply systems to reduce the mismatch between energy demand and utilization, supercapacitors have attracted increasing attention in the energy industry. However, the development of energy storage electrode materials to be applied at the industrial level is still challenging due to the unsatisfactory durability and scalable production issues. This study suggested a facile and scalable one-pot fabrication method of using graphene/hexagonal boron nitride (G/BN)-based one-dimensional (1D) van der Waals superlattice heterostructures (vdWSLs) as highly stable electrode materials to enhance the energy storage performance by improving the mesopore volume content, specific surface area, electrical properties, and interfacial interaction between the stacked G/BN layers. The G/BN-based vdWSLs were fabricated by a simple scrolling process through the electromagnetic interaction between the attached magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4 NPs) on the surface of a G/BN vdW heterostructure (vdWH) and the applied magnetic field. The investigation results demonstrate that the changed morphology of the fabricated G/Fe/BN(NS) strongly affects the fine pore distribution, electrochemical performance, and electrical properties. Consequently, as a synergistic effect of an increased mesopore volume content, specific surface area, and C-B-N heterojunction interfacial area, the fabricated G/Fe/BN(NS) electrode showed a 100% enhancement of specific capacitance (207 F g-1 at 0.5 A g-1) and almost 7 times enhancement of electrical conductivity (800 S cm-1) with a nearly 2.3 times increase of carrier mobility (716 cm2 V-1 s-1) compared to that of the G/Fe/BN electrode. Furthermore, it exhibited outstanding long-term cycling stability with almost 119% capacitance retention even after 100 000 charge-discharge cycles. These results suggest that G/Fe/BN(NS) has tremendous potential as an electrode to fabricate high-performance supercapacitors with excellent cycling stability.

Аналіз сонячного промислового теплопостачання

The future of Ukraine is only impossible without integration into the European community, including in the fight against climate change. It is possible to make the production of thermal energy more environmentally friendly thanks to the introduction of solar technologies. Solar thermal technologies are necessary for the decarbonization of the industrial sector. Information from open sources on the state and prospects for the development of solar industrial heat supply systems in the world has been analyzed. Analysis of the development of solar heat and steam production for industry in the world has shown that the solar thermal energy market is currently in an early stage of development, but it is actively developing and many projects will be commissioned in the near future. Specific investment costs and economy of solar industrial heat supply systems of various capacities are determined. The average weighted cost of thermal energy for the life cycle is used as a criterion of economy in world practice. Specific investment costs for installing solar systems are significantly reduced when their thermal power is increased. Approximate dependences of average specific investment costs on thermal power were obtained. The specific investment costs of installation and the number of hours of operation significant impact on the average cost of solar heat and steam production for industry. Approximate dependences of the average cost of heat on thermal power at different discount rates and at different power on discount rates were obtained. In Ukraine, it is possible to organize the supply of industry with heat and hot water from the use of solar technologies in a short period of time. A promising direction is the use of solar heat supply systems in combination with other thermal energy sources. Keywords: thermal energy; industrial heat supply, powerful solar systems, investment costs, cost of thermal energy.

Methodical approach to assessing effectiveness of innovation implementation in unified heat supply organizations

The domestic sphere of heat supply, which is currently in decline due to the critical technical condition of Russia’s heat sector, requires measures to modernize it. It is necessary to strive for innovative development of the sector. The introduction of innovations can significantly accelerate the modernization processes, as well as ensure the fulfillment of environmental safety property of heat supply, that is, the ability to influence the reduction of environmental damage to the environment during the operation of heat supply facilities. The main entity implementing modernization processes and innovative solutions in heat supply systems is a unified heat supplying organization, which is legally assigned the function of strategic development of the heat supply system in its subordinate territory. The issues of modernization and innovative development of heat supply systems involve the need for significant investments in these processes. In this regard, the author’s approach to assessing the effectiveness of introducing innovations into a single heat supply organization and the heat supply system assigned to it has been formed using criteria that allow jointly assessing both economic efficiency and environmental and social effects of decisions taken and innovations implemented.

PRINCIPLES OF CONSTRUCTION, POSSIBILITIES AND EXPERIENCE OF TESTING THE SOFTWARE&#x0D; MODULE "HYDRAULIC (VERIFICATION) CALCULATION OF GAS PIPELINES"

Reliable and efficient operation of gas distribution pipeline systems is ensured, among other things, through&#x0D; the use of automated information systems that have the functions of monitoring and supporting work performed, situational&#x0D; analysis, forecasting the modes and conditions of gas distribution systems. An important component that ensures&#x0D; the flexibility and speed of development of gas supply systems is the modeling of operating modes of existing gas distribution&#x0D; pipeline systems in order to determine the technical capabilities and find the optimal connection points for future&#x0D; gas consumers.&#x0D; &#x0D; The article highlights the principles of construction and the possibilities of an innovative digital product created&#x0D; in the period of 2021–2022 – the software module "Hydraulic (verification) calculation of gas pipelines", integrated&#x0D; into the Unified Automated System of the State Production Association for Fuel and Gasification "Beltopgaz".

Comprehensive Scientific and Methodological Support for Modeling and Optimization of Heat Energy Markets

Heat supply is the most important area of energy services provided to a wide range of consumers. This industry determines the well-being of society, social stability and competitiveness of the economies of many countries of the world. The processes of energy liberalization that began in the early 1990s led to the emergence of new forms of heat supply management based on market interaction among producers and consumers of heat energy. In market conditions, the problem of optimizing heat supply systems becomes much more complicated, and its structuring becomes multivariate depending on the characteristics of the industry organization. To solve the problems of optimal functioning and development of heat supply systems in changing conditions, along with existing optimization methods, it becomes necessary to use new approaches focused on solving problems in some specific uncertain situations characterized by conflicting interests of the parties, and often defined as conflict. The paper presents a comprehensive scientific and methodological approach based on mathematical modeling for solving problems of managing the development and operation of heat supply systems in a market economy.

Optimization of switching losses of the Weinberg converter

DC-DC converters are widely used in hybrid power supply systems. A buffer source of electrical energy (most often a battery bank) and its charging and discharging devices are integral parts of such systems. In systems where the battery bank voltage is less than the DC-bus voltage and galvanic isolation is not required, the Weinberg converter is widely used as a discharge device, for example, in spacecraft power supply systems. The current trend in the development of hybrid power supply systems is to increase the power density of the system. Increasing the operating frequency is the simplest and most effective way to increase the power density of converter. A differential characteristic of this converter is the zero-current switching (ZCS) of transistors, which occurs due to the influence of the leakage inductance of coupled-inductors and the leakage inductance of the transformer. The paper presents an analysis of the influence of leakage inductances on the operation of the converter and a method of determining a level of turn on switching losses of transistors, which allows to ensure the necessary level of efficiency of the converter. The results of simulation modeling of the converter confirm the effectiveness of this method.

Исследование алгоритмов работы дистанционной защиты в системах распределенной генерации

Current trends in the development of power supply systems for industrial facilities when applying the principles of distributed generation consist in the implementation of power supply from several power sources of different types and characteristics (photovoltaic cells, wind power plants, microturbine plants, diesel power plants), the maximum approximation of power sources to electrical loads, the use of electricity storage. The availability of such installations near consumers reduces the quantitative energy consumption by reducing the technical losses of the ge¬nerated energy and reducing dependence on fossil fuels. However, with these advantages, distri¬buted generation has created technical problems, one of which is the complication of relay protection systems due to the possibility of powering the damage point from different sides. This circumstance requires the development of new algorithms and protection schemes to ensure selectivity and to increase the sensitivity of relay protection. The purpose of the study is to analyze the algorithms of remote protection in distributed generation systems. The methods used comprise an integrated approach, including scientific analysis, processing and analysis of the results of theoretical and experimental studies in the field of relay protection of electrical complexes in networks with distributed generation. The results obtained present the analysis of various algorithms for the implementation of protection, which were implemented as proposals for distribution networks. The system of remote protection in networks containing distributed generation systems is presented, and the algorithms of operation are compared to increase the sensitivity of remote protection devices to the occurrence of various emergency modes: single-phase and three-phase short circuits. Several algorithms for increasing the sensitivity of remote protection for distribution networks in the presence of several power sources are considered. The comparison of these algorithms according to the criteria of the implementation cost, the accuracy of implementation, the number of necessary input data is also carried out. Practical significance of the research the research results can be used to take into account the effect of changes in the parameters of protected connections under conditions of electrical complexes operation in a network with distributed ge¬neration on the effectiveness of remote protection. They make it possible to increase the sensitivity and selectivity of the remote protection operation in case of emergency situations.

A model for making investment decisions contributing to the heating supply companies’ development, taking into account the restrictions arising in the applying tariffs conditions with the “alternative boiler house” method

The study presents a model for making investment decisions that contribute to the development of heating supply companies (hereinafter referred to as HSC), taking into account the restrictions that arise in the conditions of applying tariffs using the “alternative boiler house” method. The study presents a generalized procedure for determining investment projects for the development of heating supply systems, considering the interests of participants in the heat supply of the territory, a curiosity assessment of the main participants in the heat supply of the territory. The weight of the criteria obtained as a result of the analysis is further used in the decision-making model. The simplex method was used as the basis for the implementation of the author’s model of investment decision-making. The simplex method is one of the methods for solving linear programming problems. An algorithm for optimizing the development function of the heating supply system by the simplex method and the index of the development of HSC in the conditions of applying tariffs using the “alternative boiler hous” method is proposed. The study presents a financing plan for a real project for the construction of a new boiler house.

Review of Clean Water Supply System Development's Feasibility in Indonesia's Samosir Regency

Around 15,352 families (42.66 percent) in Samosir Regency still have access to clean water, which is still a rather low percentage compared to the remaining 20,638 families (57.34 percent) who do not. The local government is concerned with this situation in order to create the BUMD PDAM Samosir Regency. This research was done to see if it would be possible to start a local water firm in Samosir Regency. In order to determine whether there is a potential water source that is adequate, sustainable, and manageable economically and profitably in the context of public services, as well as whether the establishment of PDAM Samosir Regency is worth reviewing, interviews and questionnaires were distributed to the community, SPAM owners, and State Civil Servants. In addition to socioeconomic factors, there are financial factors, market factors, legal factors, managerial factors, organizational factors, and technical factors. Legal, social and economic, technical, and notably from economic considerations with IRR = 72.32 I = 12 percent / year, PP = 3.34, and BCR = 6.27, BUMD PDAM Samosir Regency is viable to be founded

Разработка нового рабочего алгоритма для повышения эффективности удаленной защиты в сетях распределенной генерации

Recent studies focus on the development of energy supply systems when applying the principles of distributed generation. They consist in the organization of energy supply from several energy sources, different in types and characteristics (photovoltaic cells, wind power plants, microturbine plants, diesel power plants). The purpose of such events is to bring energy facilities closer to consumers, reduce the loss of generated electricity, and reduce dependence on the fossil fuels. However, with all the advantages, distributed generation is associated with the number of technical problems. One of them is the complexity of relay protection systems due to the influence of additional electrical power from the distributed generation units. This requires the development of new algorithms and protection schemes to ensure selectivity and increase the sensitivity of relay protection. The article is devoted to the creation of a distance protection algorithm in the distributed generation systems. The integrated approach was applied, including the scientific analysis, processing, as well as the study of the results of theoretical and experimental research in the field of relay protection. The developed set of measures for the protection of distribution networks was analyzed. The results of the work done can be used when considering the influence of the parameters of protected connections in the operating conditions of the electrical complexes in a network with the distributed generation on the efficiency of distance protection. The conclusions presented by the authors allow to increase the sensitivity and selectivity of distance protection in emergency situations.

Preface

The purpose of the three-day 2022 International Conference on Aerospace and Control Engineering (ICoACE 2022), held via virtual form on December 23rd-25th, 2022 in Guangzhou, China, was to create a timely forum for multi-disciplinary discussions related to the recent developments on control engineering triggered by aerospace.As usual, the program of the meeting consisted of keynote speeches, oral presentations, the former including speeches delivered by six sophisticated professors from different areas. The speakers covered three main topics: i) Several Key Issues for High-Fidelity Simulation Requirement of Modern Aeroengine; ii) Aircraft Power Supply System Development: From Multi-Electric Aircraft to Electric Propulsion Aircraft; iii) Based on IoTs Parking Navigation With Continuous Information Potential Field Research. Among them, the first report mainly introduced the current situation of high fidelity simulation technology of aeroengine, the application of high fidelity simulation technology in Aeroengine development process, and the future demand of the digital twin applied in the aeroengine high fidelity simulation technology.In the framework of experimental and theoretical approaches, the conference gathered together 100 delegates from all over the world and addressed a number of highly relevant aspects of aerospace and control engineering. Covering Materials Surface Physics, Electric Automation, Distributed Control System, Physics of Gases, Plasma Physics, the selected contributions of this Special Issue provide guidance for future interdisciplinary developments. In this way, the multi-scale aspects of material-based aerospace, mechanics and control engineering should be considered.We received various manuscripts of invited papers and contributions presented at the Seminar. All of these have been peer reviewed and are collected in this volume. We would like to thank all the anonymous colleagues who have acted as referees to assess the suitability of the various articles for publication in the Journal of Physics: Conference Series. We are confident that the high quality of both invited and contributed papers contained in these Proceedings will be appreciated by the aerospace community.We would like to express our thanks to all the authors for their time and genuine efforts, and to the reviewers for their fruitful comments during the preparation of this volume. We also acknowledge the support provided in various ways by Nanchang Institute of Technology who acted as host to the Conference.The Committee of ICoACE 2022List of Committee member is available in this Pdf.

Scientific and Technical Achievements of Agricultural Engineering Organizations in the Context of Digital Transformation of Agriculture

The main scientific and technical achievements and research results for the year 2022 of agricultural scientific institutions are presented. Institutions are under the scientific and methodological leadership of the agricultural science department of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS) on the scientific and methodological leadership of the agricultural sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS) on the fundamental problems and principles of the development of intensive machine technologies, energy-saturated agricultural technology of the new generation, robotized and mobile energy tools, the use of digital systems with elements of artificial intelligence for the production of the main types of competitive agricultural products, the development of effective energy supply systems, energy resource, renewable energy, electrotechnologies of automated and robotic tools of technical service, etc.

ADAPTIVE CONTROL ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION IN LOCAL MICROENERGY SYSTEM WITH POLYGENERATION BASED ON CLUSTERING OF A CONDITIONAL DYNAMIC TARIFF

The paper is devoted the increasing the efficiency to use of traditional and renewable sources in microenergy systems. The development of combined power supply systems of local objects with the stochastic nature generation of renewable sources has led to a number of fundamental problems.&#x0D; It is associated with the lack of a decision-making system regarding the ratio of power sources of electricity and the coordination of their generation levels with the electricity consumption schedule at the stage of designing such microgrids. The development of microenergy systems with polygeneration is conditioned by the possibility of technical and information support for the formation of the energy balance of local objects to minimize the costs of their electricity supply.&#x0D; By applying elements of inductive system-analytical technologies, an approach to solving the problem of modeling dynamic scenarios of energy management in local microgrids with polygeneration based on determining the cost of electricity and adaptive coordination of the electricity consumption schedule in real time is proposed.&#x0D; On the basis of statistical data, modeling was carried out and daily graphs of changes in the current cost of electricity with half-hour discreteness of the calculation were obtained, and the clustering procedure of the conditional dynamic tariff was showed.&#x0D; The results can be applied in the evaluation of electricity pricing in microgrid energy management systems or the development of control systems for Smart grids with renewable sources.