Development Of Strategies Research Articles

Navigating the digital classroom: a qualitative content analysis of MOOC discourses in Indian e-newspapers

Purpose This paper aims to explore and unravel the contents portrayed in online news discourses on massive open online courses (MOOCs). Considering sociological dimensions and journalistic strategies, this study examines how online news media reflects, shapes and informs narratives about the social acceptance and use of the MOOC model of learning. Design/methodology/approach Using the Gioia methodology as the overarching framework, this study adopted a two-staged qualitative content analysis of 1,162 online news items from the websites of the top seven online English newspapers of India, published between May 2012 and September 2023. In subsequent semi-structured interviews with subject matter experts, broad themes were identified. In addition, this study integrated Van Dijk’s ideological square model with media content theories to comprehensively analyze the intricate complexities in media depictions of MOOCs. Findings While manifest content analysis revealed the emergence of 25 categories, latent content analysis unveiled six broad themes: “announcements, user stages, characteristics, benefits, changing facets, and educational inequalities,” which are associated with the MOOC model. Application of Van Dijk’s model evidenced the usage of a positive self-representation strategy by Indian online news media until mid-2020. The application of media content theories underscored the predominant usage of reframing as a journalistic strategy to maintain reader interest in MOOC-related content in online news items, emphasizing the dynamic nature of media portrayals of social phenomena such as MOOCs. Practical implications The depth of MOOC-related coverage and the increasing number of news articles discussing MOOCs in Indian online media signify a growing acceptance of this educational innovation in society. Insights from emergent themes can aid administrators and platforms to effectively design and deliver future courses. In addition, understanding these themes can guide the development of media strategies to address contextual issues such as educational inequalities arising from MOOCs. This study also focuses on the necessity of upholding journalistic ethics in content dissemination. Originality/value This study provides a comprehensive synthesis of various themes and journalistic strategies adopted by online news media over the last decade in MOOC-based narratives in India. Given the distinctive Indian context, wherein MOOCs are growing rapidly amid widening digital inequalities, this research addresses calls within information systems literature to explore this phenomenon. It pioneers the integration of communication and mass media theories to analyze the complex sociological dynamics in news discourses on MOOCs, offering a novel perspective on the intersection of media representation and educational innovation.

КОРПОРАТИВНА СОЦІАЛЬНА ВІДПОВІДАЛЬНІСТЬ ЯК КЛЮЧОВИЙ ІНСТРУМЕНТ ЕКОНОМІЧНОЇ БЕЗПЕКИ БІЗНЕСУ ПІД ЧАС ВІЙНИ

Today's state of war is dramatically changing the business environment, creating unprecedented challenges for businesses of all sizes. The instability of the political situation, the disruption of logistics chains, a decrease in investment and a decrease in the purchasing power of the population have a negative impact on economic activity. Enterprises face increased risks, which requires a review of management strategies and ensuring economic security as a basis for further functioning and development. In these conditions, corporate social responsibility (CSR) becomes especially important, becoming not only an ethical imperative, but also a strategic tool for increasing business sustainability. The active participation of companies in solving social and humanitarian problems during martial law strengthens their authority and trust on the part of society and stakeholders, which contributes to the formation of a positive image, the expansion of partnership relations and the creation of additional opportunities for stable functioning in conditions of uncertainty. The growing role of CSR as a component of the enterprise management strategy provides an opportunity not only to preserve the economic security of individual business entities, but also to strengthen public trust in business, which is a key element of ensuring long-term economic stability in Ukraine.Objective.Theoretical generalization of scientific approaches regarding the content and role of corporate social responsibility as the main tool for ensuring the economic security of business in the conditions of martial law in Ukraine and the development of methodological recommendations for strengthening the stability and adaptability of business to crisis conditions. Results. The article provides a theoretical generalization of scientific approaches to the content and role of corporate social responsibility as a key tool for the economic security of business during the martial law in Ukraine. On the basis of scientific approaches, a modern interpretation of the CSR pyramid of Archie B. Carroll was formed. The analysis and assessment of the losses of infrastructure and enterprises of the real sector of the economy of Ukraine from hostilities and missile terror was carried out; an assessment of the main macroeconomic indicators of Ukraine for 2018-2023 is provided, the impact of military operations on a significant reduction in the number of active enterprises and the number of employees and the population of Ukraine in 2018-2023 is determined. The conducted studies highlight the key areas of CSR implementation in wartime, in particular, support for employees, assistance to the mobilized, involvement of stakeholders in the formation of the company's strategy and brand promotion. Scientific novelty. Approaches and methods of their involvement in the establishment of communications and interaction with stakeholders - investors, local communities and state structures are proposed, which will allow companies to adapt more quickly to the challenges of war. Practical significance. To ensure the economic security of business during wartime, it is proposed to integrate new initiatives to support personnel, mobilized workers and their families, as well as local communities. Such an approach will not only contribute to the stability and functionality of the enterprises themselves, but also strengthen their social stability and economic security, provide a deep connection between business and society, which contributes to the long-term development and socio-economic stability of the country in conditions of war. Keywords: corporate social responsibility (CSR), economic responsibility, enterprises, Archie Carroll's pyramid model, stakeholders, business economic security, development strategy, war.

Emerging Readers: Systematic Exploration of Effective English Reading Strategies for Preschoolers

This study reviews methods for improving preschoolers' phonological awareness and English reading abilities from 2013 to 2023 using the PRISMA protocol. Analysing 22 articles, it identifies 11 strategies for reading development and 5 for phonological awareness. An interactive reading model is introduced, providing a unified framework to support early childhood educators in enhancing literacy skills in young learners.

МЕХАНІЗМ ФОРМУВАННЯ СТРАТЕГІЇ ІННОВАЦІЙНОГО РОЗВИТКУ БУДІВЕЛЬНИХ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ

The article identifies that as of today, Ukraine's construction industry is operating under challenging conditions during the period of the full-scale invasion of Ukraine by the Russian Federation. It was found that in 2022, the construction sector lost its position in the structure of the country's GDP by 1.6%, compared to 2020-2021, where it accounted for 2.8%. It is determined that the share of the construction industry in the GDP throughout the examined period did not exceed 3%, which is significantly lower than the corresponding period in European countries. Additionally, the article examines the mechanism for forming a strategy of innovative development for construction enterprises, which enhances their competitiveness and adaptability to market changes. The key aspects of developing an innovation strategy for construction enterprises are described: improving production efficiency; enhancing the quality and durability of structures; adapting to market conditions; ensuring competitiveness; promoting sustainable development; improving working conditions and safety on-site; attracting investment and business growth. Key steps at the main stages of developing an innovation strategy are proposed, including an analysis of the external and internal environment, the determination of strategic goals, the development of innovative solutions, investment in resources and personnel, as well as strategy monitoring and adaptation. The importance of applying various methods and tools to optimize, increase productivity, and improve enterprise adaptability was emphasized. The proposed approach allows construction companies to enhance production efficiency and achieve sustainable development in the face of modern challenges and technological changes. Keywords: innovations, innovative development, competitiveness, construction enterprise, 3D printing, modular construction.

Rational strategies for improving the efficiency of design and discovery of nanomedicines

AbstractThe rise of rational strategies in nanomedicine development, such as high-throughput methods and computer-aided techniques, has led to a shift in the design and discovery patterns of nanomedicines from a trial-and-error mode to a rational mode. This transition facilitates the enhancement of efficiency in the preclinical discovery pipeline of nanomaterials, particularly in improving the hit rate of nanomaterials and the optimization efficiency of promising candidates. Herein, we describe a directed evolution mode of nanomedicines driven by data to accelerate the discovery of nanomaterials with high delivery efficiency. Computer-aided design strategies are introduced in detail as one of the cutting-edge directions for the development of nanomedicines. Ultimately, we look forward to expanding the tools for the rational design and discovery of nanomaterials using multidisciplinary approaches. Rational design strategies may potentially boost the delivery efficiency of next-generation nanomedicines.

Identification of Land Use Conflict Based on Multi-Scenario Simulation—Taking the Central Yunnan Urban Agglomeration as an Example

Land use conflict is an inevitable and objective phenomenon during regional development, with significant impacts on both regional economic growth and ecological security. Scientifically assessing the spatiotemporal evolution of these conflicts is essential to optimize land use structures and promote sustainable resource utilization. This study employs multi-period land use/land cover remote sensing data from China to develop a model for the measurement of land use conflict from the perspective of the landscape ecological risk. By applying the optimal landscape scale method to determine the most appropriate analysis scale, this research investigates the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of land use conflicts in the Central Yunnan Urban Agglomeration from 2000 to 2020. Furthermore, by integrating the Patch-Generating Land Use Simulation (PLUS) model with the Multi-Objective Programming (MOP) algorithm, this study simulates the spatial patterns of land use conflict in 2030 under four scenarios: Natural Development (ID), Economic Development (ED), Ecological Conservation (PD), and Sustainable Development (SD). The findings reveal that, from 2000 to 2020, the proportion of areas with strong and moderately strong conflict levels in the Central Yunnan Urban Agglomeration increased by 2.19%, while the proportion of areas with weak and moderately weak conflict levels decreased by 1.45%, underscoring the growing severity of land use conflict. The predictions for 2030 suggest that the spatial pattern of conflict under various scenarios will largely reflect the trends observed in 2020. Under the ID scenario, areas with weak and moderately weak conflict levels constitute 57.5% of the region; this increases by 0.85% under the SD scenario. Conversely, areas experiencing strong and moderately strong conflict levels, which stand at 33.02% under the ID scenario, decrease by 1.04% under the SD scenario. These projections indicate that the SD scenario, which aims to balance ecological conservation with economic development, effectively mitigates land use conflict, making it the most viable strategy for future regional development.

Designing a Multitemporal Analysis of Land Use Changes and Vegetation Indices to Assess the Impacts of Severe Forest Fires Before Applying Control Measures

Forest fires represent a significant intersection between nature and society, often leading to the loss of natural resources, soil nutrients, and economic opportunities, as well as causing desertification and the displacement of communities. Therefore, the objective of this work is to analyze the multitemporal conditions of a sixth-generation forest fire through the use and implementation of tools such as remote sensing, photointerpretation with geographic information systems (GISs), thematic information on land use, and the use of spatial indices such as the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), the Normalized Burned Ratio (NBR), and its difference (dNBR) with satellite images from Sentinel-2. To improve our understanding of the dynamics and changes that occurred due to the devastating forest fire in Los Guájares, Granada, Spain, in September 2022, which affected 5194 hectares and had a perimeter of 150 km, we found that the main land use in the study area was forest, followed by agricultural areas which decreased from 1956 to 2003. We also observed the severity of burning, shown with the dNBR, reflecting moderate–low and moderate–high levels of severity. Health and part of the post-fire recovery process, as indicated by the NDVI, were also observed. This study provides valuable information on the spatial and temporal dimensions of forest fires, which will favor informed decision making and the development of effective prevention strategies.

Challenges And Solutions In Implementing Reading Policies In The Foundation Phase: A Multiple Case Study From The Lichtenburg Circuit, North West Province

This article aims to examine the policies guiding reading instruction and investigate how these policies are implemented in the FP to gain a deeper understanding of teachers’ experiences in this area. Implementing reading policies effectively in the FP is crucial for fostering early literacy skills, which form the foundation for lifelong learning. However, teachers often encounter various challenges that impact the successful application of these policies. This article explores the complexities associated with implementing reading policies within the FP, specifically focusing on the Lichtenburg Circuit in the North West Province. The Lichtenburg Circuit, a unique educational setting within the North West Province, provides a valuable multiple case study for examining these challenges and identifying effective solutions. Utilizing a qualitative case study approach, the research focused on the perspectives of Subject Advisors, Principals, HoDs, and FP teachers in three primary schools within the Lichtenburg circuit. Thirteen participants were purposively selected, and data were collected through document analysis, observations, and interviews. Thematic analysis revealed that the CAPS is the primary policy used for reading instruction, yet it lacks explicit directives on teaching reading, leading to challenges in implementation and application by teachers. By investigating the experiences of English Home Language this article aims to uncover the specific difficulties teachers face and assess the support mechanisms available. The findings will offer insights into improving policy implementation and enhancing literacy outcomes for young learners. The objective of this article is to identify and analyze the key factors that influence teachers’ implementation of reading policies in the FP. This article aims to understand how various contextual, professional, and institutional elements shape teachers’ approach to applying reading policies in their classrooms. By examining these factors, the article seeks to provide insights into the challenges and opportunities faced by teachers in translating policy into effective practice, ultimately contributing to the development of more supportive and practical strategies for improving reading outcomes in the FP. The purpose of this article is to investigate and evaluate the challenges and solutions in implementing reading policies, using the Lichtenburg Circuit in the North West Province as a multiple case study. The article also seeks to uncover the specific challenges that teachers encounter in implementing these policies and to analyze how these obstacles impact the effectiveness of reading instruction. The article aims to provide insights and recommendations for improving the implementation of reading policies to better support FP teachers.

Consumer impatience in the e-commerce home delivery context: a consumer-centric supply chain perspective for time-based competition

PurposeThis paper aims to introduce the concept of consumer impatience, empirically explore how it relates to time-based logistics performance (delivery speed and delivery timeliness) and discuss its impact on consumer satisfaction. This research argues that gaining insights related to delivery performance from a consumer’s perspective can help the development of more effective time-based logistics strategies for e-commerce home deliveries.Design/methodology/approachHypotheses in this study are developed using attribution theory and tested with empirical data collected through an online behavioral consumer experiment. Middle-range theorizing is used to develop an understanding of the mechanisms that impact the relationship between time-based logistics performance and consumer satisfaction.FindingsFindings indicate that consumer impatience with delivery speed and delivery timeliness play an essential role in the relationship between time-based delivery performance and consumer satisfaction. Issues with delivery timeliness are shown to have a more negative impact on consumer satisfaction than issues with delivery speed, while delivery communication is demonstrated to have a positive relationship with consumer satisfaction.Originality/valueThis empirical study adds to existing time-based competition literature by taking a consumer-centric perspective and bringing a largely overlooked but critical concept – consumer impatience – into the logistics and supply chain management setting. Middle-range theorizing allows for a conceptualized understanding of consumers’ delivery experiences that can help companies develop proactive actions in their time-based competition initiatives.

Isolation and identification of patient-derived liver cancer stem cells and development of personalized treatment strategies

Isolation and identification of patient-derived liver cancer stem cells and development of personalized treatment strategies

Clinical Pharmacology of Cytokine Release Syndrome with T-cell Engaging Bispecific Antibodies: Current Insights and Drug Development Strategies

Abstract Cytokine release syndrome (CRS) is a common acute toxicity in T-cell therapies, including T-cell engaging bispecific antibodies (T-BiSp). Effective CRS management and prevention is crucial in T-BiSp development. Required hospitalization for 7 of the 9 approved T-BiSp and the need for clinical intervention in severe cases highlight the importance of mitigation strategies to reduce healthcare burden and improve patient outcome. In this review, we discuss the emerging evidence on CRS mitigation, management, and prediction. We cover different strategies for dose optimization, current and emerging (pre)treatment strategies, quantitative pharmacology tools employed during drug development, and biomarkers and predictive factors. Insights are gleaned on step-up dosing and formulation effects on CRS and CRS relationships with cytokine dynamics and drug levels gathered through review of T-BiSp licensing applications and emerging data from conferences and publications.

Threat of deepfakes to the criminal justice system: a systematic review

Abstract Background This systematic review explores the impact of deepfakes on the criminal justice system. Deepfakes, a sophisticated form of AI-generated synthetic media, have raised concerns due to their potential to compromise the integrity of evidence and judicial processes. The review aims to assess the extent of this threat, guided by a research question: (1) What threats do deepfakes pose to the criminal justice system? Methods The review was conducted using databases such as Web of Science, ProQuest, Scopus, and Google Scholar, focusing on publications from 2021 to 2022. Search terms were optimised for sensitivity and specificity, and articles were chosen based on criteria including relevance to deepfake threats and deepfake detection research. The methodology included rigorous screening processes using tools like Zotero and Rayyan.ai, with an emphasis on inter-rater reliability to ensure objective selection of studies. Results The search initially identified 1355 articles, with 1200 articles screened for eligibility after duplicates were removed. For the threat of deepfakes to the criminal justice system, 110 studies were selected for full-text review, and 44 were included in the final analysis. Key findings include identification of primary crime categories linked to deepfakes, such as pornography, fraud, and information manipulation, alongside challenges like trust erosion in institutions and evidence falsification issues. Conclusions Deepfakes significantly threaten the criminal justice system, highlighting the necessity for advanced detection methods. These findings underscore the importance of continued research and development in deepfake detection technologies and strategies for legal safeguards and broader implications on policy, national security, and democratic processes.

Abstract A011: Assessing pro-tumorigenicity of the aging microenvironment in a murine ovarian cancer model

Abstract Over 70% of high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) patients are diagnosed after age 55 and the average patient who succumbs to HGSOC is 70 years old. Despite this, the majority of ovarian cancer studies, and cancer studies generally, utilize young mice that are more representative of human children. This approach overlooks age as a variable, despite its status as a top risk factor for cancer. Our preliminary studies reveal tumor burden and disease severity is significantly higher in aged mice compared to young animals. We have developed an epithelial cell line derived from C57BL/6 oviducts and used CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing to establish tumorigenic lines for syngeneic studies. One line harbors Trp53, Pten, and Brca2 deletions, is tumorigenic, and can be serially passaged in vitro. When injected intraperitoneally (IP) into 8-week and 56-week-old mice, equating to approximately 10- and 45-year-old humans respectively, a stark increase in tumor mass was evident in aged mice. Furthermore, the aged mice succumbed to disease at a faster rate after inoculation than the young group, where all mice succumbed to disease within 1-month of IP injection compared to some young mice surviving up to 3 months after injection. These findings, combined with epidemiologic data, suggest a metastatic driver in the aged microenvironment that facilitates worsened ovarian cancer progression. We are investigating two factors that change with age, (1) a suppressed immune system and (2) age-related changes to adipose tissue, as possible mechanisms driving this difference. Histologic analysis of tumors from each cohort showed decreased cleaved caspase-3 in aged tumors, indicating a reduction in tumor cell killing in older animals. Characterization of the pre-cancerous, tumor-naive microenvironment via flow cytometry and cytokine array have revealed that aged mice microenvironment is highly inflamed and features changes in immune populations and inflammatory states. Meanwhile, total RNA-sequencing of tumors harvested from aged and young mice showed minimal changes, but DEGs point to possible roles of fat transport and metabolism in these aged tumors, indicated by upregulated CD36 and lipoprotein lipase. Follow-up ex vivo experiments had demonstrated increased adhesion and proliferation of the previously described murine cancer cells to fat pads when cultured in vitro. When assessing tumor-naive fat depots, aged adipose tissue is comprised of significantly larger adipocytes and the omentum, a common secondary site of ovarian cancer and fatty organ, was found to have increased phospholipid content in older animals. Both findings point to a change in metabolic function in aged mice. Our preliminary findings indicate an important role of the aged microenvironment in driving enhanced diseases progression in older individuals and identifying the mechanisms behind this phenotype are critical; an improved understanding of how age affects HGSOC progression could enable the development of treatment strategies to prevent cancer cells from establishing in the peritoneum. Citation Format: Katherine A. Cummins, Ronny Drapkin. Assessing pro-tumorigenicity of the aging microenvironment in a murine ovarian cancer model [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference in Cancer Research: Tumor-body Interactions: The Roles of Micro- and Macroenvironment in Cancer; 2024 Nov 17-20; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(22_Suppl):Abstract nr A011.

A Novel Spectrofluorimetric Method for Vibegron in the Newly FDA Approved Pharmaceutical Formulation and in Human Plasma: Analytical QbD Strategy for Method Development and Optimization.

Vibegron is a novel selective beta-3 adrenergic receptor agonist molecule, recently approved by US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in tablet pharmaceutical formulation for treating overactive bladder syndrome. Such formulation necessitates the development of a simple, fast and cost-effective methodology capable of assaying the drug in various real samples with high sensitivity. Herein, a facile and robust spectrofluorimetric method was introduced, for the first time, for vibegron quantification based on analytical quality-by-design approach. The method involves drug reaction with dansyl chloride at pH 9.8, as a smart approach to overcome the non-fluorescent nature of vibegron, giving a highly fluorescent yellow derivative measured at 514nm after being excited at 345nm. Plausible reaction scheme between the drug and dansyl chloride was elucidated through studying the differences in their infrared (IR) spectra. Variables affecting fluorescence intensities were carefully screened and rationally optimized via preliminary scouting studies and central composite design for accurate and robust results. Full International Council for Harmonisation (ICH) validation protocol was followed where linearity was achieved in range of 20.0-400.0 ng/mL with minimum detectability of 3.6 ng/mL. The proposed method expressed good capability in assaying the marketed dosage forms with no excipient inference. Finally, the high sensitivity of such method paved the way for extending its application to quantify vibegron in spiked human plasma at concentrations around its real human plasma concentrations for further bioavailability studies.

Prevalence of gonococcal and chlamydial infections among men who have sex with men in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Men who have sex with men (MSM) are disproportionately affected by sexually transmitted infections (STI) including Neisseria gonorrhoeae (Ng) and Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct). The lack of robust data on STIs among African MSM has limited the development of evidence-based screening strategies. This study aimed at documenting the pooled prevalence of Ng/Ct among MSM in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). This systematic review was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines. Relevant articles from the following databases were searched: PubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, and the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ). Eligible studies reported on the prevalence of Ng/Ct among the MSM population in SSA. Publication bias was assessed using the Hoy tool, Doi plot, and LFK ratio. Due to heterogeneity among studies, subgroup analyses were performed using the MetaXL add-on tool for Microsoft Excel. Of 525 articles screened, 20 were selected for inclusion. Six were cross-sectional, four had a prospective cohort study design, and one was an epidemiological study. The pooled prevalence of Ng/Ct in MSM was 27% (95% CI, 19-39%), with an I2 of 98% signifying heterogeneity among the studies. Subgroup analysis by country revealed South Africa had the highest prevalence (38%). Interpretation The high prevalence of Ng/Ct infection among MSM in SSA is of concern. Limitations Due to limited data available on Ng/Ct prevalence, the true prevalence of SSA and its associated risk factors is uncertain. As the first study to systematically review the available literature on STI prevalence among the MSM population in SSA, it showed the burden of Ng/Ct is higher than in other regions, warranting the strengthening of health systems to improve education, testing, and treatment in MSM population. PROSPERO CRD42022327095.

Dynamic Response Control Strategy for Parallel Hybrid Ships Based on PMP-HMPC

With increasingly stringent emission regulations, various clean fuel engines, electric propulsion systems, and renewable energy sources have been demonstratively applied in marine power systems. The development of control strategies that can effectively and efficiently coordinate the operation of multiple energy sources has become a key research focus. This study uses a modular modeling method to establish a system simulation model for a parallel hybrid ship with a natural gas engine (NGE) as the prime mover, and designs an energy management control strategy that can run in real time. The strategy is based on Pontryagin’s minimum principle (PMP) for power allocation, and is supplemented by a hybrid model predictive control (HMPC) method for speed-tracking control of the power system. Finally, the designed strategy is evaluated. Through simulation and hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) experimental validation, results compared with the Rule-based strategy indicate that under the given conditions, the SOC final value deviation from the initial value is reduced from 11.5% (in the reference strategy) to 0.39%. The system speed error integral is significantly lower at 39.06, compared to 2264.67 in the reference strategy. While gas consumption increased slightly by 2.4%, emissions were reduced by 3.2%.

Deciphering the Role of Androgen in the Dermatologic Manifestations of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Patients: A State-of-the-Art Review

Polycystic ovary syndrome is a presvalent endocrine disorder affecting women globally, characterized by hormonal imbalance, metabolic disturbances, and reproductive dysfunction. Diagnosis relies on clinical evaluation, medical history assessment, physical examination, and laboratory tests, with the Rotterdam criteria being widely used. The pathophysiology of PCOS involves genetic predisposition, environmental factors, and lifestyle influences, with hormonal dysregulation, particularly elevated androgens, insulin resistance, and chronic inflammation, playing a pivotal role. These mechanisms not only contribute to reproductive and metabolic disturbances but also to the various cutaneous manifestations, such as acne, hirsutism, and alopecia. This review aims to analyze the role of androgens in the dermatological manifestations in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome, providing insights into underlying mechanisms and guiding the development of effective therapeutic strategies. By synthesizing available evidence, this review aims to deepen understanding of related dermatological manifestations and improve outcomes for affected individuals.

Assessment of Tourism Development in Belarus: A Comprehensive Analysis of Infrastructure, Cultural Heritage and Natural Resources

Purpose: This study examines the development of tourism in Belarus, evaluating its infrastructure, cultural heritage potential, and natural resources. The research aims to identify key factors influencing tourism development and assess their relative impact on the sector's growth. Design/methodology/approach: The study employs a mixed-methods approach, primarily utilizing a quantitative survey (n=512) of local stakeholders across six regions of Belarus, supplemented by comprehensive statistical analysis. The research instrument included 17 structured questions measuring perceptions of tourism development across multiple dimensions. Data analysis was conducted using chi-square tests and Cramér's V coefficient to determine statistical significance and relationship strength. Findings: The results indicate moderate tourism development in Belarus (39% of respondents rated it as average, 42% as high). Infrastructure quality shows significant regional variation (χ2(4)=31.50, p<0.001, V=0.56). Cultural heritage emerged as a primary attraction (72% agreement), while natural resources received varied evaluations (57% highlighting landscape value). The study identified key development barriers: visa restrictions (74% of respondents), insufficient marketing (62%), and underdeveloped transport infrastructure (51%). Research limitations/implications: The study's cross-sectional nature and focus on domestic stakeholders may limit its generalizability. Future longitudinal studies incorporating international perspectives could provide additional insights. Conclusion: The study reveals that Belarus's tourism development exhibits a complex pattern of strengths and challenges. While the country possesses significant potential through its cultural heritage (72% positive evaluation) and natural resources (57% positive assessment), its tourism development is constrained by structural barriers. The research demonstrates that future tourism growth requires a three-pronged approach: (1) systematic infrastructure modernization, particularly in regional areas; (2) reform of visa policies to enhance accessibility; and (3) development of comprehensive marketing strategies. The statistical significance of these findings (p<0.001) supports the need for evidence-based policy interventions. This research contributes to both theoretical understanding of tourism development in transition economies and practical policy formulation, while establishing a methodological framework for future studies in similar contexts.

ТҮРКІСТАН ОБЛЫСЫНЫҢ 2020-2023 ЖЫЛДАР КЕЗЕҢІНДЕГІ БЮДЖЕТІН ТАЛДАУ ЖӘНЕ БАҒАЛАУ

The article analyzes the budget of the Turkestan region for the period 2020-2023. The main attention is paid to the dynamics of revenues and expenditures, as well as changes in the budget deficit (surplus) for the specified period. The use of financial resources and loans to finance budget operations is considered. Data analysis allows us to highlight the key problems and tasks facing the budget of the Turkestan region, as well as to identify potential strategies and measures to improve the financial situation and ensure sustainable development of the region. In order to ensure the socio-economic well-being of residents of the Turkestan region, the work shows the need for effective financial management, optimization of expenses and increase in revenues. As a result of the study, through analysis of the use of financial resources and loans, it is shown that the region is actively using internal resources to finance its needs, and it is also determined that it is faced with the need to seek external financing and loans. Therefore, it is proposed to pay more attention to measures to reduce costs, increase revenues and optimize budget management in order to achieve sustainable development and ensure the well-being of the Turkestan region and its residents. It also requires careful analysis and development of strategies to ensure financial stability, efficient use of resources and effective management of long-term financial risks.

Evaluation of Effectiveness and Multi-Scenario Analysis of Land Use Development Strategies and Ecological Protection Redlines on Carbon Storage in the Great Bay Area of China Using the PLUS-InVEST-PSM Model

Land use change is a key factor affecting the carbon storage of terrestrial ecosystems. Most studies focus on formulating different land development strategies to mitigate the adverse impacts of land development, while fewer discuss the effectiveness of these strategies. In the context of varying socio-economic development and limited budgets for ecological conservation, evaluating effectiveness is essential for selecting the most suitable land development strategy. This research proposed a Patch-Generating Land Use Simulation-Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs–Propensity Score Matching (PLUS-InVEST-PSM) model to evaluate the effectiveness of different land use development strategies in the Greater Bay Area of China as a case study. Specifically, this study analyzed the historical land use changes from 2000 to 2020 and mapped the multi-scenario patterns of land use and carbon storage with the PLUS and the InVEST models from 2030 to 2050. Then, this study employed the PSM model, along with a series of criteria (i.e., similar ecological backgrounds and parallel historical trends), to evaluate the effectiveness of the ecological development strategy and ecological protection redlines on carbon storage compared with the natural development strategy. The results indicate that the ecological development strategy and the ecological protection redline can prevent the decline in carbon storage. However, in the ecological development strategy, implementing the ecological redline policy may hinder the growth of carbon storage within the ecological redline area. Compared with the PLUS-InVEST-PSM model, the comparison between the subregions could underestimate the efficiencies of evaluation, partly due to underestimating the negative impact of urban development on carbon storage. These findings will help governments develop comprehensive and systematic land use policies to achieve carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals. Also, the approach would help to further explore the broader impacts of land use development strategies on the overall regional ecological environment, such as biodiversity and ecosystem services.