Development Of Standard Operating Procedures Research Articles

Assistance in Strengthening Village Governance Through the Development of Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) and Increasing the Capacity of Villages Apparatus: Community Service in Sungai Arang Hamlet, Jambi, Indonesia

Effective village governance is an important foundation for sustainable development at the local level. However, many villages in Indonesia, including Sungai Arang Hamlet in Jambi, still face challenges in terms of governance, which can be seen from weak administrative systems, lack of transparency, and low capacity of village officials. This research uses a participatory community service approach which involves a series of activities, including: (1) Identifying village problems and needs through focus group discussions (FGD) and in-depth interviews; (2) Development of standard operating procedures (SOP) for various aspects of village administration; (3) Training and capacity building for village officials regarding SOP implementation; (4) Assistance and monitoring of SOP implementation; and (5) Evaluation of program impact. The research results show a significant improvement in village governance after program implementation. The developed SOPs have helped improve the efficiency and effectiveness of public services, increase transparency and accountability, and strengthen public participation in decision-making. In addition, the capacity of village officials has also increased, reflected in a better understanding of their duties and responsibilities, as well as a better ability to carry out administrative tasks. In conclusion, this community service program has made a positive contribution in strengthening village governance in Sungai Arang Hamlet. Developing SOPs and increasing the capacity of village officials has proven effective in improving the quality of public services, transparency, and accountability. This research recommends that this community service model can be replicated in other villages that have similar problems.

Development of standard operating procedure "Quality control of sodium chloride solution 0.9% (350 ml) for infusion (intra-pharmacy preparation) in pharmacy organizations manufacturing pharmaceuticals"

To develop a standard operating procedure (SOP) for quality control of 0.9% sodium chloride solution (350 ml) for infusion (intra-pharmacy preparation) in accordance with the requirements of the current regulatory documentation. Materials and Methods. Sodium chloride 0.9% sodium chloride solution (350 ml) for infusion (intra-pharmacy preparation) served as the object of the study. The SOP was developed taking into account the requirements of updated regulatory documents used in the field of quality control of medicines: Federal Law No. 61 dated 12.04.2010 "On Circulation of Medicines", Order of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation dated 22.05.2023 No. 249n, Order of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation dated 22.05.2023 No. 647n dated 31.08.2016, State Pharmacopoeia XV ed. and GOST R 52249-2009. Results. The main stages of the SOP in accordance with the current regulatory documentation are given, reagents, instruments and equipment required for testing are listed, mandatory and sample types of control are indicated. For this dosage form the mandatory controls will be organoleptic, written, control at release, physical and full chemical control. The methods of pH and authenticity tests are described, and the chemistry of qualitative reactions is given. For quantitative determination by the method of argentometry according to Mohr, the method of analysis is given, chemical reactions occurring during titration, the necessary calculations are made: the titer of silver nitrate solution of sodium chloride, the preliminary volume of titrant, the content of sodium chloride in the dosage form in grams. Permissible content limits are given in accordance with OFS.1.8.0001 "Medicinal preparations of pharmacy manufacture". Based on the results of the SOP development, a working instruction for quality control of sodium chloride solution 0.9% (350 ml) for infusion was drawn up. Conclusion. The presented SOP for quality control of sodium chloride solution 0.9% (350 ml) for infusion (intra-pharmacy preparation) describes the requirements for the organization and conditions of testing in assessing the quality of this dosage form and can be implemented in the work of manufacturing pharmacies as a detailed instruction for intra-pharmacy control.

Vayu bubble continuous positive airway pressure is a promising solution with favorable treatment outcomes for respiratory distress syndrome in newborns: a qualitative study in Bangladesh.

According to Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (2022), neonatal mortality, comprising 67% of under-5 deaths in Bangladesh, is significantly attributed to prematurity and low birth weight (LBW), accounting for 32% of neonatal deaths. Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is a prevalent concern among preterm and LBW infants, leading to substantial mortality. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends bubble continuous positive airway pressure (bCPAP) therapy, but the affordability and accessibility of conventional bCPAP devices for a large number of patients become major hurdles in Bangladesh due to high costs and resource intensiveness. The Vayu bCPAP, a simple and portable alternative, offers a constant flow of oxygen-enriched, filtered, humidified, and pressurized air. Our study, conducted in five health facilities, explores the useability, acceptability, and perceived treatment outcome of Vayu bCPAP in the local context of Bangladesh. A qualitative approach was employed in special care newborn units (SCANUs) of selected facilities from January to March 2023. Purposive sampling identified nine key informants, 40 in-depth interviews with service providers, and 10 focus group discussions. Data collection and analysis utilized a thematic framework approach led by trained anthropologists and medical officers. Service providers acknowledged Vayu bCPAP as a lightweight, easily movable, and cost-effective device requiring minimal training. Despite challenges such as consumable shortages and maintenance issues, providers perceived the device as user-friendly, operable with oxygen cylinders, and beneficial during referral transportation. Treatment outcomes indicated effective RDS management, reduced hospital stays, and decreased referrals. Though challenges existed, healthcare providers and facility managers expressed enthusiasm for Vayu bCPAP due to its potential to simplify advanced neonatal care delivery. The Vayu bCPAP device demonstrated useability, acceptability, and favorable treatment outcomes in the care of neonates with RDS. However, sustained quality service necessitates continuous monitoring, mentoring and retention of knowledge and skills. Despite challenges, the enthusiasm among healthcare providers underscores the potential of Vayu bCPAP to save lives and simplify neonatal care delivery. Development of Standard Operating procedure on Vayu bCPAP is required for systematic implementation. Further research is needed to determine how the utilization of Vayu bCPAP devices enhances accessibility to efficient bCPAP therapy for neonates experiencing RDS.

Collaboration and Development of Standard Operating Procedures for Prospective Evaluation and Collection of Biospecimens in Neurosarcoidosis (P8-14.005)

Collaboration and Development of Standard Operating Procedures for Prospective Evaluation and Collection of Biospecimens in Neurosarcoidosis (P8-14.005)

Review of instrumental texture measurements as phenotypic tool to assess textural diversity of root, tuber and banana food products.

Roots, tubers and bananas (RTBs) contribute immensely to food security and livelihoods in sub-Saharan Africa, Asia and Latin America. The adoption of RTB genotypes in these regions relies on the interplay among agronomic traits, ease of processing and consumer preference. In breeding RTBs, until recently little attention was accorded key textural traits preferred by consumers. Moreover, a lack of standard, discriminant, repeatable protocols that can be used to measure the textural traits deter linkages between breeding better RTB genotypes and end user/consumer preferences. RTB products texture - that is, behaviour of RTB food products under unique deformations, such as disintegration and the flow of a food under force - is a critical component of these preferences. The preferences consumers have for certain product texture can be evaluated from expert sensory panel and consumer surveys, which are useful tools in setting thresholds for textural traits, and inform breeders on what to improve in the quality of RTBs. Textural characterization of RTBs under standard operating procedures (SOPs) is important in ensuring the standardization of texture measurement conditions, predictability of textural quality of RTBs, and ultimately definition of RTB food product profiles. This paper reviews current SOPs for the textural characterization of RTBs, including their various associated methods, parameters, challenges and merits. Case studies of texture characterized during development of SOPs and evaluation of texture of RTB populations are discussed, together with insights into key textural attributes and correlations between instrumental, sensory and consumer assessment of texture unique to various RTB food products. Hardness was considered a universal key textural attribute to discriminate RTBs. The review should provide adequate insight into texture of RTB food products and critical factors in their measurement. It aims to promote inclusion of texture in breeding pipelines by investigating which textural traits are prioritized by consumers, particularly since the inclusion of textural traits has recently gained prominence by breeders in improving RTBs. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.

Stakeholder Model for Standard Operating Procedure of Radiation Safety Practice in Radiopharmaceutical Therapy

Using Xofigo procedure as an example of radiopharmaceutical therapy, to provide a quantitative analysis methodology for standard operating procedure development with binary stakeholder model. A Xofigo procedure was selected for this study. After nurse places the intravenous (IV) pole and start delivery of the saline liquid into the patients for required temporal period, calibrated Xofigo syringe will be transported into the treatment room by medical physicist and authorized radiation oncologist starts injecting the Xofigo liquid into the patient through the 3-way stopcock. During this process, the status of liquid path is from the syringe with Xofigo liquid to patient, and the saline liquid tube is shutoff. After about 1 minutes of injection, which most of the Xofigo radioactive liquid is injected into patient side, the 3-way stopcock will shut off the connection between the patient and syringe. The saline liquid then is abstracted into in the syringe from the saline bag hung on the IV pole, the liquid amount will be used for diluting the residual Xofigo liquid inside the syringe. Then the 3-way stopcock switch is switched off the connection between the saline bag and the syringe, and syringe is connected to the patient side again, then the saline liquid inside the syringe is injected into patient, and this process dilutes the residual Xofigo radioactive liquid at the inside surface of the syringe and the path to the patient. This dilution process could repeat a few times, depends on the estimation of residual amount. Then the syringe will be unscrewed from the 3-way stopcock by opening the path from the saline bag to the patient. At this moment, the saline is switched off from outside by cutting the tube with a scissor or unscrewed from the 3-way stopcock. A binary stakeholder quantitative model was used to evaluate the last step with a computational simulation program the tube cut-off process. Based on the numerical results from the simulation program, at the best situation, if the residual isotope liquid had been diluted completely, the radiative dose to both procedures would not be different, and the only difference is the tool used and workload dispatch to both medical physicist and radiation oncologist. And at the worst scenario, there were some radioactive residuals had gone into the IV-saline tube, then the radioactive contamination could be in the scissor, both side of cut off tube, and potential contacting point will increase to two stakeholders, one more tool(scissor), which could be treated as a stakeholder. The optimization principle could be simplified as to decrease the contacting point and contacting stakeholders by a computational simulation of a stakeholder model for a Xofigo radiopharmaceutical procedure. The analysis methodology could expand to all the steps in radiopharmaceutical therapy in developing a standard operating procedure and other complex radiation safety practice simulation system.

Development of Standard Operation Procedures for Receiving International Emergency Medical Teams. Cooperation Between the United States National Disaster Medical System (NDMS) Disaster Medical Assistant Team (DMAT) and Japan DMAT

Introduction:Japan DMAT and US DMAT have been conducting several tabletop exercises to prepare for major earthquake disasters in Japan. Japan is predicting overwhelming disasters on Japanese soil soon, which needs efficient and optimum use of resources in medical assistance, including additional support from the US. The Japanese government established a large-scale Earthquake/Tsunami Disaster Emergency Response protocol in 2020. However, this protocol does not include any standard operation procedure (SOP) to receive an international medical team. The purpose of this study is to establish the SOP of receiving medical assistance from US-DMAT based on the WHO International Emergency Team (EMT) initiative through tabletop exercises.Method:Collaborated with the Office of the Administration for Strategic Preparedness and Response (ASPR) of the United States Health and Human Services, tabletop exercises assuming that a large-scale earthquake occurred during the hosting of the 2025 Osaka Expo was conducted utilizing an online meeting system.Results:A provisional SOP was composed. Even though Japan had several disaster medical assistance collaborations with US DMAT and is well-familiarized with the Classification and Minimum Standards for Emergency Medical Teams", many issues need to be prepared to accept US DMAT.Conclusion:Numerous procedures need to be conducted to receive US DMAT assistance during a large-scale earthquake in Japan. With this SOP, receiving US medical team assistance will be conducted promptly, eventually saving many lives. This SOP can be modified for other international teams' acceptance in Japan. It could reference other countries seeking to have SOP for receiving international medical team assistance shortly.

Development of Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) of a Polyherbal Formulation Qurṣ-i Muṣaffī Recommended for the Treatment of Skin Diseases

Md Sanaul Moin, Javed Inam Siddiqui, Mohammed Abdul Rasheed Naikodi, Shayni Khan, Md Aftab Alam and Faiza Khatoon Author informationArticle notesCopyright and License information P.G. Department of Ilmul Advia (Pharmacology), National Research Institute of Unani Medicine for Skin Disorders (NRIUMSD), Hyderabad, Telangana, INDIA Drug Standardization Research Unit, National Research Institute of Unani Medicine for Skin

Investigation of the Receiving United States National Disaster Medical System (NDMS) Disaster Medical Assistant Team (DMAT) in Japan: Development of Standard Operation Procedures for Receiving International Medical Teams

Background/Introduction:Japan DMAT and US DMAT have been collaborating in the past to prepare for expected and unexpected disasters in Japan. Japan is predicting overwhelming disasters on Japanese soil soon, which needs efficient and optimum use of resources in medical assistance, including additional support from overseas, particularly from the US. The Japanese government established a large-scale Earthquake/Tsunami Disaster Emergency Response protocol in 2020. However, this protocol does not include any standard operation procedure (SOP) to receive an international medical team.Objectives:Establishing the SOP of receiving medical assistance from US-DMAT based on the WHO International Emergency Team (EMT) initiative.Method/Description:Collaborated with the Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response (ASPR) of the United States Health and Human Services, tabletop exercises assuming that a large-scale earthquake occurred during hosting the 2025 Osaka Expo was conducted online meeting system.Results/Outcomes:Provisional SOP was formed by the Japan research team and ASPR representatives. Even though Japan had several disaster medical assistance collaborations with US DMAT and is well-familiarized with the Classification and Minimum Standards for Emergency Medical Teams, many issues need to be prepared to accept US DMAT.Conclusion:Numerous procedures need to be conducted to receive US DMAT assistance during a large-scale earthquake in Japan. With this SOP, receiving US medical team assistance will be conducted promptly, eventually saving many lives. This SOP can be modified for other international teams’ acceptance in Japan. It could reference other countries seeking to have SOPs for receiving international medical team assistance in the near future.

112. ClinGen Somatic Cancer Variant Interpretation (CVI) committee and the Somatic Cancer expert panel process

The Clinical Genome Resource (ClinGen) Somatic Working Group (WG) is actively developing a somatic cancer variant curation expert panel (SC-VCEP) process that parallels the process developed by ClinGen for monogenic disorders. A critical aspect of the latter is the Sequence Variant Interpretation (SVI) WG, which provides guidance on applying the ACMG/AMP classification framework and VCEP specification approval. The ClinGen Somatic Cancer Variant Interpretation Committee (CVI) is a parallel effort to provide input and oversight in developing specifications based on the AMP/ASCO/CAP somatic variant interpretation guidelines. The CVI has 30 members, with representation from academic institutions and commercial laboratories and broad expertise from oncologists, pathologists, clinicians, clinical/laboratory geneticists, researchers and informaticians. The Somatic WG has three SC-VCEPs in the 4-step expert panel process (see abstract from Saliba et al). The CVI has been actively providing feedback on rules specifications. Although the AMP/ASCO/CAP guidelines reduce interpretation discrepancy, subjective elements remain and require substantial clarification. The CVI, in collaboration with GA4GH VICC and the Cancer Genomics Consortium (CGC) participated in development of Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) for the classification of oncogenic variants (PMID:35101336). SC-VCEPs will utilize this SOP in curating SNVs or small deletions/insertions. Upcoming projects focus on evaluating somatic functional assays, standardizing somatic gene-disease curation and further developing the process to review and approve SC-VCEP specifications. Through the development of a SC-VCEP process, we aim to create greater consistency and accuracy of cancer variant interpretations for the improvement of patient care and genomic medicine.

Implementing clinical pharmacy activities in hospital setting in Vietnam: current status from a national survey

BackgroundClinical pharmacy activities have evolved over the past decades contributing to all stages of the patient care process, especially in the hospital setting. However, these practice roles may differ to a significant extent depending on the healthcare policy of countries. In Vietnam, the magnitude of adopting clinical pharmacy activities in hospital settings throughout the country is still unknown since these activities have been implemented. This study aimed to ascertain the current status of clinical pharmacy activities performed within the Vietnamese hospital setting.MethodsA nation-wide survey was conducted from December 2017 to January 2018. Two online questionnaires, one for the Heads of Pharmacy Department and one for clinical pharmacists, were designed based on the national legal regulations about implementing clinical pharmacy activities in the hospital setting. These questionnaires were sent to all hospitals and healthcare facilities with a department of pharmacy.ResultsA total of 560 Heads of Pharmacy and 574 clinical pharmacists participated in the study, representing a response rate of 41.2%. Among the participating hospitals, non-patient specific activities were implemented widely across all hospital classes, with pharmacovigilance, medication information, and standard operating procedures development implemented in ≥88% of all hospitals. In contrast, there was a significant variation in the level of implementation of patient-specific activities among hospital classes. With activities such as medication counselling, monitoring of adverse drug reactions, and obtaining patient’s medication histories provided at a considerably lower level in between 49 and 57% of hospitals.ConclusionClinical pharmacy activities have been initiated in most of the surveyed hospitals. In general, clinical pharmacy is more established in higher-class hospitals in Vietnam. However, the current implementation status is focused on non-patient-specific activities, while patient-oriented activities remained insufficiently established.

Pendampingan Penyusunan Standar Operasional Prosedur (SOP) Pengembangan Program Bapak Angkat Dinas PPKUKM DKI Jakarta

This assistance activity in the preparation of Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) of Foster Father's Program a community service activity that aims to produce a draft SOP of Foster Father's Program at the Industry and Trade Office of Small and Medium Enterprise Cooperatives (PPKUKM) of DKI Jakarta Province, as well as improving understanding related to the theory, principles, and techniques for preparing SOP in accordance with government regulations. A SOP is a written manual. Participants of this activity came from 5 private universities in Jakarta and one of them was Bakrie University which together with the PPKUKM Office actively participated in the SOP development socialization event in March 2021 using mentoring methods. The activity of preparing the SOP for the Development of Foster Father's Program begins with the activity of compiling and collecting materials, after which the material or material activities, then continued by formulating the Operational Standard of The Development Procedure of Development Foster Father's Program.

Development of Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) Training Model Using Disaster Safety Communication Network Based on Public Safety Long Term Evolution (PS-LTE)

This study provides information for developing the domestic standard operating procedure (SOP) to CMMI level 3 or higher by presenting the SOP education and training model development process that systematically utilize the PS-LTE-based disaster safety communication network. The survey was conducted with 113 domestic SOP experts. Results revealed that four strategies can minimize the damage to people's lives and property in a national disaster and develop the domestic SOP level to CMMI level 3 or higher-establishment of governance for the SOPs for disaster safety communication networks; training on SOP once a year; establishment of SOP according to the guidelines; and improvement in the technical field. In the future, if SOP develops to CMMI level 3 or higher, it will contribute to the protection of public safety and property from disasters.

Managing patients on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support during the COVID-19 pandemic \u2013 a proposal for a nursing standard operating procedure

BackgroundExtracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is effective in a selected critically ill patient population with promising results in refractory hypoxemia related to the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19). However, it requires specialized clinicians and resources in advanced technology. Moreover, the COVID-19 remains an ongoing global emergency, and there is no evidence-based practice in preparedness. This article proposes an innovative and optimized nursing care protocol, the Standard Operating Procedure (SOP), that regulates safety and efficiency in using personal protective equipment (PPE) during ECMO-relevant procedures while providing ECMO therapy for patients with COVID-19.MethodsAfter performing a narrative literature search, we developed a high-fidelity translational simulation scenario. It included practicing appropriate donning and doffing PPE during work organization, ECMO-related procedures, and routine daily nursing care and management of ECMO over nine hours. In addition, we held supplementary constructive debrief meetings to consult international expert in the field.ResultsA proposal for nursing standardized operating procedures was created, divided into categories. They included work organization, workload references, competences, infrastructural conditions, cannulation equipment, daily routine nursing care, and procedures during ECMO.ConclusionsHigh-fidelity medical simulation can play an important role in staff training, improvement in previously gained proficiency, and development of optimal SOP for nursing care and management during ECMO in patients with COVID-19. Optimal SOPs may further guide multidisciplinary teams, including intensive care units and interventional departments.

Symptomatology of Lassa fever in pregnancy: Key findings for standard operating procedure development

Symptomatology of Lassa fever in pregnancy: Key findings for standard operating procedure development

All in a day's work: Towards improved understanding of safety leadership during regular safety‐related tasks in mining

AbstractThis article examines safety leadership during regular safety‐related tasks conducted across a mining work system. Applying a systems‐thinking methodology, a modified version of the critical decision method (CDM) interview technique was used to examine decision‐making and behavior in association with five safety‐related tasks executed across the work system; hazard identification, inspections, standard operating procedure development, task observation and return to work coordination activities. Data were mapped onto Rasmussen's risk management framework to explore the characteristics of safety leadership decision‐making and behavior which occurred across the work system to support successful task execution. Vertical integration was present and was associated with a core set of decision‐making elements and leadership behaviors that facilitated the communication and exchange of information within and across the work system in association with tasks executed. In addition, different profiles of decision‐making characteristics and behavioral engagement were evident at different system levels, which indicated variability in safety leadership was required to support successful task execution across the work system. Task type was found to influence safety leadership, with structured tasks demonstrating less intensive decision‐making and behavioral engagement requirements than unstructured tasks. The findings add to the knowledge base on safety leadership through improved understanding of the concept, its occurrence across tasks and work system levels, and the factors which influence it to support safe system functioning. Future research endeavors and practical implications are discussed.

Quality Assurance Through Standard Operating Procedures Development and Deviation: A Medicolegal Death Investigation Systems Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic.

ABSTRACTStandard operating procedures drive everyday practice within any organization, including those within a forensic setting. In the event of unusual circumstances, organizations must respond rapidly to address the impact on operations while ensuring that the quality and safety outcomes of routine services are not affected. This case study illustrates how standard operating procedures can be newly developed or modified, and rapidly deployed and quickly revised, to address unusual circumstances. The response to the COVID-19 pandemic is used as an example in this case report.

Dairy farmer advising in relation to the development of standard operating procedures

Standard operating procedures (SOP) are increasingly required on farms participating in animal welfare assurance programs, such as the Dairy Farmers of Canada's proAction initiative and the National Dairy FARM Program in the United States. However, little is known about the use of SOP on farms and who is involved in their development. Literature from other industries shows the importance of including advisors when developing SOP. Despite veterinarians being viewed by many farmers as trusted sources of information, little is known about their involvement in SOP development. The aim of this study was to better understand: (1) what advice from researchers and veterinarians is considered when developing an SOP and (2) what factors affect advice adherence. Participants in this study were farmers (n = 9) from 6 dairy farms in the Fraser Valley region of British Columbia, Canada and their herd veterinarians (n = 5). Structured and semi-structured interviews and participant observation were undertaken from April to December 2018, and the resulting data were analyzed using thematic analysis. In relation to the first aim, we identified 3 main themes: (1) the purpose of the SOP, (2) developing an SOP, and (3) accountability and tracking of procedures. For the second aim, 5 themes emerged: (1) feasibility of the advice, (2) resources required, (3) priority of the advice, (4) other actors involved, and (5) the importance of data. Collectively, these findings suggest that a farm-specific SOP that actively tracks procedures is most beneficial, and that advice adherence is context dependent.

Emergency room services for people affected by sexualized and/or intimate partner violence in Berlin

Abstract Background People affected by intimate partner violence (IPV) and/or sexualized violence (especially women, children and LGBTIQ*) have long-term health consequences (WHO 2016: 6). The WHO Guideline (2013) and the Istanbul Convention (2016) demand systematic and structurally anchored services at the level of care, education, training of health professions and public health research. The aim of this study was to evaluate the service provided at emergency rooms (ERs) in hospitals in Berlin, Germany. Methods A questionnaire with quantitative and qualitative questions including dimensions of existing interventions, available resources of trained staff and institutional frameworks was sent to the management of the 37 hospitals with ERs in Berlin. Descriptive-statistical methods were used to analyze the current state of care provided. (Response rate: 76 percent (n = 28)) Results The care often depends on individual decisions of staff members of the ER: 5 ERs report the existence of a Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) for IPV, 6 for sexualised violence. Awareness of demographic characteristics of diversity varies widely across ERs; no staff specifically trained to serve for the needs of LGBTIQ* is available; 25% offer a gender-specific choice of doctors; 11 ERs co-hospitalize children affected by IPV. Conclusions The institutional framework and the awareness of demographic characteristics of diversity in ERs influence the services provided on a regular basis to people affected by IPV and/or sexualized violence. Development of SOP, qualification of health care professionals (HCP) and systematic collection and evaluation of related data are needed in order to implement the WHO guidelines and the provisions of the Istanbul Convention. Key messages Public health research regarding the care provided for people affected by IPV or sexualized violence by ERs in Berlin demonstrate the demand for guiding standard procedures and qualification of HCP. The systematic collection and evaluation of relevant data should be implemented in all countries that have signed the Istanbul Convention.

Virtual reality videos for training and protocol dissemination during a pandemic.

This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. Preparations for the COVID-19 pandemic required healthcare teams to practice known skills, such as intubation, with renewed consideration for safety, as well as develop new Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) for health care delivery. In these conditions, translational simulation based-education (SBE) is a well-known tool that supports health care teams to improve the system using design thinking methods such as walkthroughs and team-based simulation. However, the pandemic has introduced two stressors on translational SBE simultaneously. Firstly, the need for rapid upskilling of front-line staff and rapid change to SOPs. Secondly, the need for social or physical distancing at work, such that it quickly became inappropriate for large groups of individuals to practice in-situ SBE and debrief together in close proximity. An educational approach that brings the best of translational SBE while minimizing contact and maximizing experiential learning is needed. Digital learning has been rapidly adopted by much of medical education during the pandemic. Focusing on a strong alignment between learning goals with intended clinical performance change outcomes we sought to leverage a digital education format that allowed for low barriers to adoption, yet supported the experiential, dynamic reality of translational SBE. In the absence of the ability to quickly train large numbers of people due to the need for social distancing, an immersive experience that can only be provided by virtual reality (VR) videos was the next best thing. VR, using 360-degree video, supported the creation of instructional videos from SBE events in the hospital which allow the learner to immerse and explore multiple points within the scenario. We describe how the very act of recording a video assisted in the rapid development of SOPs through translational simulation. We then describe the use of VR to stay true to the spirit of simulation for experiential learning and nearly hands-on training.