Development Of Special Equipment Research Articles

Nodes of Experimental Installations for Testing Concrete for Creep

Installations of the mid-twentieth century for testing concrete for creep, as a rule, have significant wear and are not intended for testing new concrete. To carry out testing of modern highstrength concrete, their modernization and retrofitting is required. Due to the lack of standard technical solutions, design and survey work is required in preparation for testing. The purpose of the presented study was to study the nodes and elements of spring installations for determining the creep of concrete and to establish the possibility of their use under increased loads, to modernize installations for the possibility of testing samples of various lengths without complete disassembly, to ensure safety during such tests. To determine the strength and stiffness parameters of the springs, it was necessary to conduct two-stage tests with the development of special equipment. Also, according to the results of the evaluation of the hinge assemblies for axial load transfer to the sample, their replacement with a change in design solutions was required. According to the results of experimental studies, individual springs and thrust hinge elements were fragilely destroyed, in connection with which a hinge assembly of a new design was developed, changes have been made to the design of the installation to ensure the physical protection of maintenance personnel, a modular system of steel spacers with protection against horizontal movement has been developed, which makes it possible to test samples of different lengths on existing installations without changing the configuration of the installations themselves. An important result of the work is the proposed system of double experimental control, when first a random test of individual elements is carried out to assess the possible level of loads on the equipment, then a continuous control of the already assembled test installations is carried out for large loads relative to the planned experiment. Only in this case it is possible to simultaneously ensure high reliability of the results obtained during testing, reliability and durability of the equipment. Moreover, it is impossible to carry out such work only numerically without testing, as practice has shown.

The Mir-1 and Mir-2 Submersibles in Feature Films

Abstract This article considers the methods of capturing deep ocean images with deep manned submersibles Mir-1 and Mir-2 (6,000-m depth) for feature films. The filming of Titanic by IMAX (Stephen Low) and Lightstorm Entertainment (James Cameron) companies with the use of deep ocean technique was pioneering work. The problems, which were solved during filming, as well as the development of special equipment are discussed.

Modernization of gas discharge visualization for application in medical diagnostics

The object of research is the processes of the emergence and glow of a discharge around biological structures in a pulsed electric field. Such processes have found use in the method of gas discharge visualization. In medical diagnostics, the general state of human health is assessed by the characteristics of gas-discharge images of fingers. One of the most problematic areas of the correctness of medical diagnostics is the dependence of the visual components of the image on the electrical characteristics of the discharge and the physical and chemical characteristics of the surrounding environment. In the course of the study, methods of modeling the electric discharge current circuit and electrical properties of biostructures were used. The proposed solution allows taking into account: the amplitude of the impulse voltage of the discharge, the frequency of the impulses, the duration and intensity of the impulses, the polarity, which act as additional diagnostic parameters of the gas-discharge visualization process. Physical processes are considered, and a model of a chain of gas discharge around a biological object in a pulsed electric field is proposed. It is shown that the occurrence of a discharge and the characteristics of the glow depend on the amplitude, duration, frequency, and polarity of the pulse voltage. These additional parameters determine the correctness of further visual diagnostics. Their quantitative measurement and the possibility of objective comparison should be attributed to the advantages of registering the proposed parameters of gas discharge visualization. The specified properties of these parameters provide an additional opportunity to digitally describe the condition of the object under study, and subsequently to automate diagnostics. The structural diagrams of the device for conducting research using the method of gas discharge visualization, the high-voltage impulse voltage generator unit for the hardware consideration of additional gas discharge parameters and their connection with medical and biological indicators have been developed. The use of the method and means of gas discharge visualization to assess the functional state of the flight crew in the pre- and post-flight period requires the development of special equipment. The proposed technical solutions require experimental verification. Comparative studies of diagnostic conclusions by the method of gas-discharge visualization with traditional medical diagnostics are necessary.

Certain issues of providing units of the Security Service of Ukraine with special technical means and special equipment: historical and analytical aspect of event planning and organization

The article covers the issues of planning and organization of activity in the field of special technical means and special equipment development and manufacturing in the Security Service of Ukraine. The history of special equipment creation in the Security Service of Ukraine is investigated. Ways to solve the problem of special technical means and special equipment development and manufacturing in the Security Service of Ukraine are reviewed. The stages of the Ukrainian scientific and research Institute of special equipment and forensic expertise of the Security Service of Ukraine creation are covered. The participation of the Security Service of Ukraine in the implementation of state (target) programs in the context of short-term and long-term planning is described. The article contains analysis of departmental normative acts in the field of scientific and scientific-technical activities organizing and implementation in the Security Service system. Proposals about the creation of a unified system of providing the SSU units and bodies with special technical means and special equipment, including financing and rational available resources distribution are made.

Методика выбора марочного состава седельных тягачей с использованием интегрального коэффициента

The article presents a solution to the problem of choosing the brand composition of truck tractors for the recruitment of transport divisions of oil pipeline enterprises. The main task of transport departments is to meet the needs of the main production. The equipment is operated under harsh conditions, as well as after the end of the regulatory period of use and needs to be updated quickly. Despite the timely maintenance and repair of freight rolling stock, frequent failures and increasing repair costs make further operation economically inefficient. When updating the fleet of vehicles, there is a problem in choosing the best in terms of the technical characteristics of the vehicle, but at the minimum cost. The purpose of the study is to optimize the costs of acquiring and operating special equipment of Transneft-Siberia JSC by developing a methodology for determining the rational grade composition of truck tractors. According to the a priori ranking method, the opinion of specialists and heads of transport divisions of Transneft-Siberia JSC was determined. For the study, the most popular brands of truck tractors of domestic and foreign production were chosen. As a result of the survey, the ranks of operational indicators of truck tractors and their weight are determined by the reverse ratio. The most signifi¬cant indicator as a result of a priori ranking is the cost of one unit of the vehicle. Integral coefficient components calculated relative to average value of each indicator are identified for each indicator. As a result of the study, it was revealed that for the renewal of the fleet of truck tractors, it is advisable to give preference mainly to foreign manufacturers. The integral factor, taking into account the weight of operational parameters, makes it possible to objectively evaluate the quality of truck tractors. The method of determining the integral coefficient is proposed, when using which it is possible to reduce the cost of acquiring and operating vehicles with an increase in the development of special equipment. Further areas of research are determination of integral factors for the fleet, including technological transport, as well as determination of the optimal nomenclature of special equipment for transport divisions of oil pipeline industry enterprises.

АВТОМАТИЗАЦІЯ ФІНІШНОГО ОБРОБЛЕННЯ ПРЯМОКУТНИХ КУТОВИХ ХВИЛЕВОДІВ S-ДІАПАЗОНУ

Finishing of waveguides (sharp edges blunting, burrs removal, polishing of welding or soldering of the duct and flanges) is carried out in order to eliminate all surface damages that are formed from previous operations and give it the necessary roughness, which affects the amount of active power loss. In most cases of complex spatial shape rectangular waveguides with angled welded transitions, the finishing of the duct is performed manually or by means of small mechanization. An alternative to the finishing of waveguide duct is anode-abrasive vibration honing, abrasive-extrusion processing, processing on special grinding machines, hydro-abrasive pumping. These methods are low productivity, require complex equipment, washing treated surfaces, and are applied only to straight waveguides or those that have a smooth flexion. Preliminary researches of polishing the waveguide duct with a polymer-abrasive brush have shown good results in terms of roughness, performance and electrical parameters.To automate finishing of the waveguides that have simple form or one simple rectangular flexion, it was proposed to perform it on a horizontal CNC milling machine. For processing of waveguides two types of polymer-abrasive brushes of Osborne firm were consistently applied: internal and end brushes. Processing involved polishing duct in welding seam spots and a flange, burrs removal immediately after processing on the same machine on which milling of flanges of waveguides was carried out.Also for mechanization of finishing the complex designed waveguides (more than one flexion) it is offered to replace operation of consecutive manual polishing by small mechanization of polishing on special equipment. The trajectory of the tool was provided by a copier.This device also provides the preset tightness automatically and ability to adjust it as the tool wears out. As a result of the improvement in finishing, the manual polishing of the waveguide was completely removed, and the geometry and roughness of the duct were significantly improved. The development of special equipment has significantly (3…5 times) reduced time and human impact on machining accuracy.

Friction Stir Welding in the Aircraft Production

The paper presents the results of experimental development of the technology of friction stir welding to obtain a nonseparable connection of a special aerospace aluminum, titanium and magnesium alloys, high-temperature steels. Regularities and models of heat balance in the welding zone have been determined, which make it possible to predict the technological possibilities of high-speed friction welding. It is established that high-speed friction welding by mixing allows to obtain a high-quality connection at lower loads on the design of the equipment. On the basis of studies of macro-and microstructure, microhardness, level of residual stresses and strength tests, technological recommendations on the choice of welding conditions and conditions were obtained. Presented of experimental and industrial development of special equipment, high-speed friction welding, design and manufacturing of high hardness tools of complex spatial shapes for welding aircraft materials.

Технологии улучшения поверхностных свойств геометрически сложных изделий воздействием низкотемпературной плазмы

Technologies ensuring the surface properties improvement of complex-profile products by the impact of low-temperature plasma of a combined discharge are shown. The technologies of strengthening and a passivating film formation on the surface are considered by the example of metal products. The technology of surface roughness improvement is considered by the example of metal and non-metal products. It is shown that for the achievement of maximum possible improvement of surface properties in products the development of special equipment is necessary.

EQUIPMENT FOR SECURE DATA COMMUNICATION AT PHYSICAL LEVEL

This article describes equipment for securing data communication at a physical level, including development of special equipment, development of methods and models for forecasting attacks on secret data transmission systems and development of software suite based on the obtained forecasting techniques, and the analysis of the obtained results has been also performed.

Study on the Performance and Process of Materials for Special Gas Cylinder

The explosion suppression fire extinguisher is an important component part of fire extinguishing and explosion suppression system of special equipment. Because of particularity and specificity of the place where it is used, the explosion suppression fire extinguisher’s body itself is commonly called the special gas cylinder. The material for special gas cylinder selected and used in the earliest design is mainly the ordinary steel gas cylinders such as the carbon structural steel gas cylinder. Because of the following characteristics: being rich in their resources, the prices are low and the process is simple, they can meet the requirements for the use in many kinds of places, and up to now, there are still used widely. But with the continuous development of special equipment in the fields of land, seas and oceans, aviation and aerospace and so on, the single material for the ordinary steel gas cylinder is unable to meet the special requirements of some special equipment. Therefore, it is necessary to research and manufacture new materials whose performance is different from the performance of steel gas cylinder and replace steel gas cylinder with the new materials, in order to meet the different demand in every field. With the continuous development of materials science of our country, some new materials and new technologies are researched and applied continuously. To design the rational manufacturing process by analyzing and researching the performance and technology of these new materials can meet the new requirements of new type of special equipment for explosion suppression fire extinguisher and improve the protective ability of special equipment.

Der Trichterkreisel, ein In-situ-Gerät zur Kultur mariner Tiere in Gezeitenströmen

1. Cultivation of marine animals in the open sea requires development of special equipment. The trichterkreisel facilitates maintenance and cultivation of several marine animals (Homarus gammarus, Galathea squamifera, Mytilus edulis, and others). It represents, in essence, an upright standing cylinder, into which tidal currents enter at the bottom, rotate and slowly leave at the top through a gauze cover. 2. Small plankton organisms enter the trichterkreisel with the water flow, passing through gauze-covered frames and thus provide food for the animals cultivated. Some of the plankton forms metamorphose and grow in the device until devoured. 3. During a 17 months' experiment a young lobsterHomarus gammarus grew at a normal rate in a trichterkreisel without any artificial feeding. A large in situ trichterkreisel for cultivating masses of lobster larvae is planned for the near future.

Geophysics at Columbia University: Appointment of Prof. Maurice Ewing

PROF. MAURICE EWING, associate professor of physics at Lehigh University, has been appointed associate professor of geophysics in the Department of Geology of Columbia University. Prof. Ewing is at present engaged in research for the U.S. Navy with the civilian rank of chief scientist, and will take up his new post at the end of the War. At Columbia, Prof. Ewing will direct graduate instruction in geophysics as part of a post-war programme of geological training and research, and will continue his investigations of the continental shelf and the ocean basins. In recent years, through the development of special equipment of his own invention, Prof. Ewing has made geophysical measurements, both from ships on the surface and from submarines, of the continental margin beneath the ocean along the Atlantic coast of North America. Through these studies it was found in 1935–38 that the slope of the outwashed sediments off the Atlantic Coast did not conform to the slope of the underlying rock floor. In war-time the experience gained from these studies has been of special value to the U.S. Navy Department, and through the co-operation of the Government Prof. Ewing has been enabled to devote all his time to geophysical research, working from the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute, at Woods Hole, Mass.