Development Of Spatial Database Research Articles

The Occurrence of Freshwater Fish-Borne Zoonotic Helminths in Italy and Neighbouring Countries: A Systematic Review.

In recent years, the consumption of fish products has surged in European countries, being an essential part of a healthy diet. Despite representing a small part of EU production, freshwater fisheries hold considerable significance for lake-dwelling populations and tourists seeking traditional dishes. This increased fish consumption has brought to light potential health risks associated with fish-borne zoonotic helminths (FBZHs), now acknowledged as global food-borne parasites. Fish-borne zoonotic helminths belong to various taxonomic groups, including nematodes (Anisakidae), trematodes (Opisthorchiidae and Heterophyidae), and cestodes (Diphyllobothriidae). More than 50 species of FBZH are known to cause human infections, derived from eating raw or undercooked aquatic foods containing viable parasites. Despite increased attention, FBZHs remain relatively neglected compared to other food-borne pathogens due to factors like chronic disease progression and under-diagnosis. This systematic review concentrates on the prevalence of six freshwater FBZHs (Clinostomum complanatum, Contracaecum rudolphii, Dibothriocephalus latus, Eustrongylides excisus, Opisthorchis felineus, and Pseudamphistomum truncatum) in Italy and neighbouring countries. The study explores the expansion of these parasites, analysing their biological and epidemiological aspects, and the factors that influence their proliferation, such as the increased cormorant population and the lake eutrophication phenomena. In summary, this research highlights the necessity for further research, the development of spatial databases, and the establishment of a unified European policy to effectively manage these multifaceted health concerns. It strongly advocates adopting a One-Health approach to address the growing incidence of parasitic zoonoses within the context of food safety in EU countries.

Preliminary Steps of Urban Farming Spatial Database Development for SDGs Monitoring and Evaluation in Bogor City

<div class="WordSection1"><p><em>The mandate of Presidential Regulation 111/2022 states that the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) need to be synchronized with the five-year National Development Plan (RPJMN) at the central government level, and the five-year Regional Development Plan (RPJMD) at the provincial and city/district levels. Further synchronization at the national level will eventually be completed in the National Action Plan (RAN), while at the provincial/city/district level it will produce a Regional Action Plan (RAD). This study aims to prepare the first steps for the development of urban agriculture spatial databases to support the monitoring and evaluation of SDGs and the formulation of RAD in Bogor City. The method used is a descriptive method through a Focus Group Discussion (FGD) with a synchronization analysis between the SDGs and the five-year development plan (RPJMD) of Bogor City 2019-2024. The FGD activity was also attended by 114 representatives of women's farmer groups (KWT). The results of the analysis show that the development of a spatial database of urban agriculture to support the subsequent monitoring and evaluation of SDGs in Bogor City was carried out through an analysis of the role of KWT locations in poverty reduction within a certain radius in each KWT plantation location. This can be an indication that urban farming spatial databases can be used to evaluate SDGs 1 (No Poverty) and 2 (No Hunger).</em></p></div>

Hybrid pre-local skyline and post-global skyline filter Based optimized GPMRS framework using multiple mappers and multiple reducers framework

Due to the rapid and exponential development of spatial databases, traditional spatial relationships and its co-locating measures have become inaccurate and inefficient. Many different spatial co-locating algorithms have been tried to detect nearest neighbor patterns within limited datasets in order to evaluate their spatial patterns. Finding co-locating patterns using skyline computational models is one of the active research areas on large spatial databases. However, most of the conventional spatial skyline co-locating models require high computational memory and time on large spatial databases. Another limitation with traditional skyline models is finding the filtered candidate sets in the local and skyline computational models. In order to improve the accuracy of the traditional skyline models, a hybrid parallel filter based skyline model is developed on the large spatial databases to optimize data filtering along with ranking process. Experimental results describes the efficiency of proposed model on conventional skyline computational models on large databases.

SPATIAL DATABASES OF AGRONOMIC GEOINFORMATION SYSTEMS

The work is devoted to the development of spatial databases for the assessment of agricultural land. The geodatabase is aimed at geoinformation support of assessment, agroecological typing (groups, types of land) of agricultural lands, development of adaptive-landscape farming systems. The paper presents the structure of the database of regional and local levels. Three different ways of user interaction with the AgroGIS database are proposed. For practical implementation, it is proposed to use the object-functional approach to database development, based on the use of cloud data storage technology in the DBMS SQlite.
 Background. Geoinformation support of agronomic geoinformation systems (AgroGIS) is aimed at assessing natural-territorial conditions and environmental factors in agrolandscapes, development of adaptive landscape farming systems. AgroGIS geodatabases serve to store, analyze and present spatial information on agricultural land. As shown by an analysis of literary sources, the term “geodatabase” was formed more than twenty years ago. At the same time different geodatabases are known: archaeological, cartographic, soil and others. They differ in the object of research, structure and content, as well as the way of data organization. This indicates the relevance of the topics of the present research.
 Purpose. The purpose of the work is to develop the structure and content of the geodatabase agronomic GIS.
 Materials and methods. The object-functional approach to database development, which is supported by object-oriented database management systems (DBMS) and classical relational DBMS, is used. The essence of this approach is to implement functional tasks taking into account the needs of the user.
 Results. The main components of geodatabase in the form of separate sets of spatial classes (Climate, Relief, Soil, Vegetation, Hydrography, Agrolandscape) are proposed. At the same time the paper shows the need for practical implementation of agronomic geoinformation geodatabases from several aspects.
 Conclusion. In the development of spatial databases of agronomic GIS the most important feature is the ability to constantly update information in the form of temporal component. Practical implementation of temporal geodatabases is possible with the use of non-relational database management systems, as well as methods of processing big data (Big Data).

Study on Spatiotemporal Characteristic and Mechanism of Forest Loss in Urban Agglomeration in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River

Under the backdrop of achieving carbon neutrality and accelerating urbanization, China’s forests face unprecedented pressures. This study explored the spatiotemporal characteristics of forest loss in the urban agglomeration in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River (UAMRYR). The dynamic mechanism of forest loss caused by fire, logging, construction, and pollution was also analyzed using spatial database development, polygon superposition analysis, grid system construction, and coordinate system calculation. The results show that the forest loss in the UAMRYR experienced three stages: continuous acceleration (1990–2010), peak (2010–2015), and slight decline (2015–2020). Rapid urban expansion is the primary cause of forest loss, and the three metropolitan areas had the fastest urban expansion and the most severe forest loss. Due to the success of afforestation efforts, the forest loss caused by fire, logging, and pollution was restored by 80%, while most of the forest losses caused by construction are permanent. Given the current forest loss trends, large expanses of forests in the UAMRYR are at risk of being destroyed and causing serious damage to the region’s ecological environment. Forest losses can be significantly reduced by guiding the rational expansion of cities, supporting afforestation for urban construction projects, strengthening forest fire risk investigation, and implementing ecological reconstruction of polluted areas.

"Drawing a Line from their Institution": One Origin Story of Indigenous GIS Design

"Drawing a Line from their Institution":One Origin Story of Indigenous GIS Design Mark Palmer (bio) the land-grab universities (lgu) article and accompanying methodology mark a significant chapter in the forward movement of Indigenous mapping and geographic information systems (GIS). GIS is a combined database and mapping software that allows users to digitize, collect, store, manipulate, and analyze spatial phenomena. The High Country News LGU articles are timely as America reboots and acknowledges multiple injustices committed against peoples of color since the country's inception. Beyond the articles' factual evidence and social commentary, the technical aspects of the project's spatial database development and mapping are remarkably transparent and accessible. Historical geographic information systems, like the LGU project, are an amalgamation of humanities scholarship, science, and technicality that contributes significantly to the field of geographic information science (GIScience) by producing novel approaches to digitizing previously unavailable archival data for use in GIS. GIScience has a poor record regarding reproducible studies and lacks transparency regarding detailed methods of reproduction. One recent study noted that "the lack of reproducibility in scientific studies [including GIScience] stems from researchers facing challenges in understanding and re-creating others' results, a situation that is common in data-driven and algorithm-based research" (Nüst et al. 2018). Spatial databases and maps created by the LGU research team provide a stellar example of how to publish and work toward reproducibility and replication in historical GIS, adding to a lineage of previous Indigenous methodologies that are philosophically collective in approach. I will briefly comment on the LGU spatial database and mapping processes. LGU spatial databases and maps represent one of many cycles of accumulating geographic information on Indian Country and then producing scientific representations (Latour 1987). Unlike past cycles—such as European exploration, the Great Surveys of the West, public land surveys, and topographic mapping—the LGU project is anticolonial. However, I would argue that it is not correct to label the maps as a form of countermapping. LGU maps are more revealing, larger in scope, and more imaginative than countermaps. Dr. Robert Lee documented the data collection and spatial database [End Page 106] preprocesses in "Land-Grab Universities: Methodology and Sources" in High Country News. Lee (2020b) details the research team's efforts to combine and stitch together plat maps, land tenure records, land patents, documents produced by Congress, bulletins located at the National Archives, and Bureau of Land Management (BLM) General Land Office (GLO) data. Filtering through mounds of records state by state and deciphering nineteenth-century handwriting was not an easy task. According to Lee, the "data was extracted both programmatically from digitized material at the GLO and transcribed (about 10 percent of the parcels) by hand from various archival sources" for 79,461 parcels of land.1 Anyone who has worked with spatial databases will understand the sheer breadth of Lee's undertaking. Thankfully, much of the spatial information is kept by the BLM. The BLM's website contains a robust land database, the Public Land Survey data, that includes data about ownership, surveyors' notes, legal descriptions, and plat maps (among other products). However, for scholars wishing to create a spatial database supported by GIS, locational information is paramount. The database must have a geographic component. The archival sources provide no longitude and latitude coordinates for georeferencing land parcels. Instead, the BLM uses a township and range system to identify land parcels and reproduces them using the Cadastral National Spatial Database Infrastructure dataset (Lee 2020b). Intensive labor goes into the creation of a functioning and standardized GIS database. This is especially true when the end goal is to create robust networks for connecting academic research, teaching curriculum, licenses as creative commons, and publications (Lee 2020b). Lee needed a scholar experienced in cartographic design and knowledge of Indigenous issues to jumpstart the mapping process. Enter Dr. Margaret Pearce, a seasoned academic, cartographic designer, and artist currently living in New England. She noted that the project was challenging because initially the data were not quite ready to be incorporated into ArcGIS Pro software.2 One of the challenges of working with historical documents is getting the data to fit within the system. This is no...

The Spatial Database Development for Research on Settlements and Afforestation in Nowy Tomyśl Plain in Early Modern Times

In the article, a process of elaboration of a database on afforestation reconstruction in Nowy Tomyśl Plain in the modern era was presented. The aim of the publication was to share the materials acquired from old and current maps and written sources, which are used in the reconstruction of the acreage, borders, and type of the forest in the area under scrutiny. It can be treated as a collection of metadata, in which the methodology of each thematic layer acquisition and elaboration is described. The elements in the database can be divided into four main thematic groups: Basemaps, Settlements and Administrative Divisions, Natural Landscape, and Forest Reconstruction Data. The basemaps comprise the Prussian georeferenced old maps: Gilly-Crons’ map (1:50,000, the end of the 18th century) and maps in scale 1:25,000: Urmesstischblatter (first half the 19th century) and Messtischblatter (second half of the 19th century). In order to graphically connect the historical to the current data, the topographical map and a Digital Elevation Model acquired from Geoportal were used. The application also includes the settlements, administrative divisions: form the 16th century (on the basis of the last HAP volume) and the 18th century (reconstructed for the purpose of this project on the basis of the old maps and written sources). In the Natural Landscape thematic group, there is data on hydrography and afforestation dating back to the end of the 18th century (Gilly- -Cron’s map) and the first half of the 19th century ( Urmesstischblatter ). The crucial objects from the perspective of the conducted analysis are those on afforestation. Their choice was based on the potential to reconstruct the extent, borders, and types of forests in the said area in the 16th century. Thus, worth mentioning are: data on Dutch settlement dynamics in the 18th century, potential forest area per a village, results of Archaeological Survey of Poland, onomastic information, or even the information on the vegetation type acquired from the written sources, and old and current maps. All the above can be analysed in the application, though they can also be downloaded if the need arises in the form of a geodatabase (*.mdb) and analysed further by the more advanced users.

Review of European Databases of Inland Waters Used in the MARS Spatial Database Development for the Purpose of Multiple Pressure Analysis

With respect to the various European polices for water and environment protection, EU member states report to the European Commission through national monitoring programmes a wide variety of data on the pressures that aquatic ecosystems are facing. They further report data on the quality and quantity of water (“State of Environment”) at monitoring sites, and on the ecological and chemical status of surface waters under the Water Framework Directive. Many other databases on European waters (hydrographical databases as well as databases on state of water) were developed as a result of different European projects. There are also several sources about climatic data, data on river discharges, and data on pressures the water system is facing. All these databases are a welcome source of information, needed to analyse the pressures on and state of European inland waters, but they must be interlinked, harmonised, and entered into a common spatial database first. This was done within the MARS project, where we have interlinked and unified relevant available databases into a new spatial database. Data are now available in a new form to be used in analysis of state of inland aquatic ecosystems as a response to multiple pressures.

Rock Slope Stability Assessment Using Geomechanical Classification and its Application for Specific Slopes along Kodaikkanal-Palani Hill Road, Western Ghats, India

Linear infrastructure networks like roads play a vital role in the socio-economic development of hill towns centered on tourism. Stability of the slopes along the hill roads are therefore a major concern and slope failures lead to disruption of traffic and loss of property/life or both. This study analyses the stability of cut-slopes along the Kodaikkanal – Palani hill road in the Western Ghats, India using rock mass classification systems like rock mass rating (RMR), slope mass rating (SMR) and continuous slope mass rating (CSMR). These geomechanical classifications provide a preliminary assessment of rock quality based on rock strength, discontinuity properties, hydrogeological condition of the slopes and slope stability based on the inherent rock strength parameters, discontinuity orientation and method of excavation. The results showed that both rock quality and discontinuity orientation contribute to type of failure in rock slopes with RMR > 40. SMR results are conservative while CSMR classification is matches more closely to the failures obtained from the field survey. CSMR classification represents continuous slope stability conditions and hence are more suitable for development of spatial database. Cutting of roads, thereby, steepening slopes has a definite influence on the stability of slopes.

Digital database on shrimp farming in coastal watershed of Cuddalore District, Tamil Nadu

Brackishwater shrimp farming is essentially a coastal farming activity, making use of the marginal land and water resources resulting in economic benefits, providing livelihood option for the coastal poor and contributing to the national GDP. Getting successful crop by the farmers is indeed a great accomplishment since the disease threat always hovers around shrimp culture. This warrants the adoption of better management practices starting from the pond construction till the harvest of the shrimp with a collective action among the shrimp farmers in a cluster of farms with respect to stocking, adoption of biosecurity measures, disease management and discharge of treated water. For practically enforcing this through farmers’ associations, development of spatial database is a prerequisite and it is a relatively easy task in this age of information revolution. With this background, a digital information system has been built using ArcGIS 10.0 for the shrimp farms in the coastal watershed of Cuddalore District in TamilNadu primarily to aid farmers. The developed spatial database contains information about all the shrimp farms in Cuddalore District and it has been digitised from GeoEye with the cadastral map in the scale of 1:5000. A total of 4 km2 of shrimp farm area with 351 individual ponds spread over six clusters of farms has been digitised with their survey number. Field surveys were conducted to verify the satellite data. Details of the farms’were collected using a structured questionnaire and have been incorporated in thedatabase. Using this database both spatial and statistical information can be analysed and managed for querying, decision making and resource management. This digital information will also be handy for the policymakers for licensing the farm, monitoring growth and to enforce environmental guidelines.

Development of spatial database on intact forest landscapes of India

There is an increased interest in identifying the status of biodiversity in different spatial and temporal scales. The objective of the current research is to prepare a consistent spatial database of intact forest landscapes of India. The intact forest landscapes are located in the Himalayas, Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Western Ghats and Sunderbans. At national level 237 forest landscapes and 5.4% of the total natural forest remained as intact in India. Current intact forest landscapes of India consists of blocks larger than 10km2 covering an area of 34,061km2. Of the total area under intact forest landscapes, Eastern Himalayas represent 76.7% of the area, followed by Western Himalayas (8.8%), Andaman & Nicobar Islands (6.2%) and Western Ghats (5.7%). The largest intact forest landscape block occupies an area of 3342.9km2 (9.8%) is found in western Arunachal Pradesh. Temperate forest zone represents the highest intactness (56.6%), followed by subtropical zone (19.2%), tropical zone (18.6%) and alpine zone (5.6%). Himalayan moist temperate forests represent the highest area (39.1%) of intact forest landscapes followed by subtropical broad-leaved hill forests, wet evergreen forests, and montane wet temperate forests. It is estimated that 4.4% of the area of intact forest landscapes fall inside the existing 47 protected areas. The results of the analysis best suited as input for the process of identification of new protected areas. The study recommends fine-scale mapping of biodiversity within the intact forest landscapes and to prepare efficient conservation plans.

Enhancing Disaster Management: Development of a Spatial Database of Day Care Centers in the USA

Children under the age of five constitute around 7% of the total U.S. population, and represent a segment of the population that is totally dependent on others for day-to-day activities. A significant proportion of this population spends time in some form of day care arrangement while their parents are away from home. Accounting for those children during emergencies is of high priority, which requires a broad understanding of the locations of such day care centers. As concentrations of at risk population, the spatial location of day care centers is critical for any type of emergency preparedness and response (EPR). However, until recently, the U.S. emergency preparedness and response community did not have access to a comprehensive spatial database of day care centers at the national scale. This paper describes an approach for the development of the first comprehensive spatial database of day care center locations throughout the U.S. utilizing a variety of data harvesting techniques to integrate information from widely disparate data sources followed by geolocating for spatial precision. In the context of disaster management, such spatially refined demographic databases hold tremendous potential for improving high-resolution population distribution and dynamics models and databases.

Retraction Note to: Composite use of numerical groundwater flow modeling and geoinformatics techniques for monitoring Indus Basin aquifer, Pakistan.

The integration of the Geographic Information System (GIS) with groundwater modeling and satellite remote sensing capabilities has provided an efficient way of analyzing and monitoring groundwater behavior and its associated land conditions. A 3-dimensional finite element model (Feflow) has been used for regional groundwater flow modeling of Upper Chaj Doab in Indus Basin, Pakistan. The approach of using GIS techniques that partially fulfill the data requirements and define the parameters of existing hydrologic models was adopted. The numerical groundwater flow model is developed to configure the groundwater equipotential surface, hydraulic head gradient, and estimation of the groundwater budget of the aquifer. GIS is used for spatial database development, integration with a remote sensing, and numerical groundwater flow modeling capabilities. The thematic layers of soils, land use, hydrology, infrastructure, and climate were developed using GIS. The Arcview GIS software is used as additive tool to develop supportive data for numerical groundwater flow modeling and integration and presentation of image processing and modeling results. The groundwater flow model was calibrated to simulate future changes in piezometric heads from the period 2006 to 2020. Different scenarios were developed to study the impact of extreme climatic conditions (drought/flood) and variable groundwater abstraction on the regional groundwater system. The model results indicated a significant response in watertable due to external influential factors. The developed model provides an effective tool for evaluating better management options for monitoring future groundwater development in the study area.

Development of Spatial Database for Regional Development in Romania

Geographical Information Systems are used in solving many regional development related problems, around the world. Starting from some national programs to famous international ones, such as INSPIRE program, each such initiative uses geospatial data as well in the process of building regional development strategies. This paper presents the main technical components of a geographical information system, meaning the spatial database, the web mapping server and the APIs used to embed the maps into web applications. The development steps for a pre-alpha version of a web GIS application dedicated to the regional development in Romania are also shown. The software tools which were integrated in order to develop the online application were Oracle Spatial, geospatial data was stored, GeoServer, an open source web mapping server used to generate the map out of the data from Oracle Spatial's tables and ASP.NET as a web framework for building the website.Keywords: Regional Development, GIS, Spatial Database, Web Mapping Server(ProQuest: ... denotes formulae omitted.)IntroductionI n the new knowledge based economy, the information systems for data handling, and for knowledge discovery became a must for making decisions and elaborate development strategies in both public and private sectors.Among the classical data types, the geospatial data became very interesting for the governmental decision factors, especially after the launch of the INSPIRE (Infrastructure for Spatial Information in the European Community) directive of the European Parliament in 2007. This kind of data shows where certain objects are placed on the surface of the Earth, from the pipes of a city to the best possible location to open a new business.The Geographical Information Systems (GIS) have the technical capacity of storing, manipulating and visualizing the geospatial data, together with the descriptive/economic data. GIS is used for example in urban and regional development by creating different planning maps [1], in utilities management (electricity, gas, water) [2], when choosing the best locations for a certain investment ([3], [4]), in the environment studies [5], in assuring national health programs ([6], [7], [8]). The essential role of geospatial information in pressing issues such as: land cover, access to water, food production and distribution, biodiversity, is the main topic in many conferences in this field such as AGIT symposium Geoinformation for Development (gi4dev) held in 2006 in Austria.This paper discusses the use of GIS tools in regional development and details the GIS architecture by analyzing its main software components: spatial databases, web mapping servers and the application programming interfaces (APIs) used to embed maps in web applications. In the last chapter we propose system architecture for building an online GIS for regional development in Romania. The application will offer the possibility of maintaining both spatial data and economical/statistical data regarding different variables of interest in different counties and to visualize statistical thematic maps which could be the basis of the decision making process.2 Regional Development and GISRegional development's aim is to offer assistance and to modernize regions which are less economically developed than others, at international or domestic level. In order to comply with EU regional policy, in Romania there were identified eight regions which are administrated by the nongovernmental, nonprofit organizations called Regional Development Agencies (ADR) which are functioning in compliance to the Law no. 315/2004 on the regional development of Romania. The purposes of the Regional Development Agencies are detailed in paper [9] but all the tasks could be included into the main one and that is the creation of regional development plans.A regional development plan starts with an analysis of the existing situation in a certain region by investigating the natural resources, infrastructure, physical capital, human capital, knowledge capital and the productive capital of the region. …

WEB-GIS SOLUTIONS DEVELOPMENT FOR CITIZENS AND WATER COMPANIES

Abstract. This paper describes the development of a web-GIS solution in which urban residents, from Buzau City, could be involved in decision-support process of water companies, in order to reduce water losses, by collecting information directly from citizens. In recent years, reducing material and economic losses, recorded in the entire municipal networks management process has become the main focus of public companies in Romania. Due to problems complexity that arise in collecting information from citizens and issues identified in urban areas, more analyzes were required related to web-GIS solutions used in areas such as local government, public utilities, environmental protection or financial management. Another important problem is the poor infrastructure development of spatial databases founded in public companies, and connection to web platforms. Developing the entire communication process between residents and municipal companies has required the use of concept "citizen-sensor" in the entire reporting process. Reported problems are related to water distribution networks with the possibility of covering the entire public utilities infrastructure.

Methodical Spatial Database Design with Topological Polygon Structures

Spatial databases form the foundation for a Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI). For this, a spatial database should be methodically developed to accommodate its role in SDI. It is desirable to have an approach to spatial database development that considers maintenance from the early stage of database design and in a flexible way. Moreover, there is a lack of a mechanism to capture topological relations of spatial objects during the design process. This paper presents an approach that integrates maintenance of topological integrity constraints into the whole spatial database development cycle. The approach is based on the concept of Abstract Data Types. A number of topological classes have been identified and modelling primitives developed for them. Topological integrity constraints are embedded into maintenance functions associated with the topological classes. A semi-automatic transformation process has been developed following the principles of Model Driven Architecture to simplify the design process.

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Composite use of numerical groundwater flow modeling and geoinformatics techniques for monitoring Indus Basin aquifer, Pakistan

The integration of the Geographic Information System (GIS) with groundwater modeling and satellite remote sensing capabilities has provided an efficient way of analyzing and monitoring groundwater behavior and its associated land conditions. A 3-dimensional finite element model (Feflow) has been used for regional groundwater flow modeling of Upper Chaj Doab in Indus Basin, Pakistan. The approach of using GIS techniques that partially fulfill the data requirements and define the parameters of existing hydrologic models was adopted. The numerical groundwater flow model is developed to configure the groundwater equipotential surface, hydraulic head gradient, and estimation of the groundwater budget of the aquifer. GIS is used for spatial database development, integration with a remote sensing, and numerical groundwater flow modeling capabilities. The thematic layers of soils, land use, hydrology, infrastructure, and climate were developed using GIS. The Arcview GIS software is used as additive tool to develop supportive data for numerical groundwater flow modeling and integration and presentation of image processing and modeling results. The groundwater flow model was calibrated to simulate future changes in piezometric heads from the period 2006 to 2020. Different scenarios were developed to study the impact of extreme climatic conditions (drought/flood) and variable groundwater abstraction on the regional groundwater system. The model results indicated a significant response in watertable due to external influential factors. The developed model provides an effective tool for evaluating better management options for monitoring future groundwater development in the study area.

ANALISIS BIOFISIK KAWASAN JEMBATAN NASIONAL SURAMADU SISI MADURA BERBASIS SISTEM INFORMASI GEOGRAFIS DAN PENGINDERAAN JAUH UNTUK PERTANIAN

This research aimed to identify biophysics, development of spatial data base contained information of biophysics condition and also biophysics potency mapping in Suramadu Bridge Surroundings area. This biophysics research was located in the Suramadu Bridge area especially in Bangkalan side with area more or less about 600 hectare using information geographic systems and remote sensing application. Result of land suitability evaluation for agricultural land showed that there is no study area has very suitability for become agricultural land. The highest rank was only fairly suitable which is Burneh, Masaran, Petapan and Markopek Village. Meanwhile, other village such as Sendang Daya, Pangpong and Sukolilo Barat was not suitable for agriculture.

Land-Use and Land-Cover Change in Montane Mainland Southeast Asia

This paper summarizes land-cover and land-use change at eight sites in Thailand, Yunnan (China), Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos over the last 50 years. Project methodology included incorporating information collected from a combination of semiformal, key informant, and formal household interviews with the development of spatial databases based on aerial photographs, satellite images, topographic maps, and GPS data. Results suggest that land use (e.g. swidden cultivation) and land cover (e.g. secondary vegetation) have remained stable and the minor amount of land-use change that has occurred has been a change from swidden to monocultural cash crops. Results suggest that two forces will increasingly determine land-use systems in this region. First, national land tenure policies-the nationalization of forest lands and efforts to increase control over upland resources by central governments-will provide a push factor making it increasingly difficult for farmers to maintain their traditional swidden land-use practices. Second, market pressures-the commercialization of subsistence resources and the substitution of commercial crops for subsistence crops-will provide a pull factor encouraging farmers to engage in new and different forms of commercial agriculture. These results appear to be robust as they come from eight studies conducted over the last decade. But important questions remain in terms of what research protocols are needed, if any, when linking social science data with remotely sensed data for understanding human-environment interactions.

Spatial Database Development for Russian Urban Areas: A New Conceptual Framework

Existing data and conceptual frameworks for investigating spatial patterns of urban growth within and among Russia's largest cities obscure contemporary growth. We propose a new conceptual framework for urban spatial data development that utilizes remote sensing, GIS, and external data to infer socioeconomic, ecological, and infrastructure data. Capturing urban growth patterns requires using multispectral (MS) land-use classifications, dasymetric mapping, areal interpolation, and visual interpretation of MS and panchromatic images. Employing these same methods to analyze rural and urban districts (rayons) allows development of the first compatible datasets for all urban administrative units, improving investigative capabilities because all data are aggregated at the same level.