Development Of Software Architecture Research Articles

Enhancing Software Architecture Adaptability: A Comprehensive Evaluation Method

The field of self-adaptive software is becoming increasingly crucial because software has to adapt its behavior at runtime to keep up with dynamic and constantly evolving environments. The ability of software to modify and adjust itself is known as adaptability, which has been acknowledged as an important quality attribute. As software architecture development represents the initial stage of the design process, architectural design has emerged as a critical development activity. The degree to which the architecture can adapt to changes will be the key factor in determining the adaptability of the software ultimately released to users. Existing metrics for software architectural adaptability typically view adaptability as a positive attribute, meaning that any possibility of change in architectural elements is perceived as an improvement in adaptability. However, the application of adaptability that leads to increased costs or complexity can only be seen as a negative attribute. In other words, the side effects brought about solely for the purpose of achieving adaptability are greatly overlooked; that is, the impacts caused by adaptability exhibit both symmetry and asymmetry for software architectural adaptability. On the other hand, the existing measures of adaptability only define it from the perspective of whether a module will change, without considering changes beyond the topological structure under multiple strategies. In this paper, we propose a comprehensive assessment approach to measure software architecture adaptability. Multiple factors are considered, including the number and types of strategies employed, the cost of completing the adaptation, the extent of changes made to the architectural elements, and the overall impact of the adaptation on the architecture. An extended UML (e-UML) component diagram is presented to model software architectural changes under various types of strategies. Finally, an experiment on the znn.com software is conducted to validate the practical feasibility of our proposed method. Our approach can assist software architects in making informed decisions regarding software architecture design options to improve the adaptability and longevity of their software systems.

Methods for detecting anomalies in microservices using statistical analysis

The subject of the study is methods of detecting anomalies in microservices using statistical analysis. Microservices is a popular software development architecture that allows for flexible and scalable systems. However, due to their complexity, such systems can be vulnerable to various types of anomalies that can affect their performance and reliability. The goal of the work is an analytical review of existing methods of detecting anomalies in microservice systems using statistical analysis methods. Detection of anomalies is critical to ensure stable system operation and quick response to possible problems. To achieve the purpose, the following tasks are defined: review of methods for detecting anomalies in microservices; description of the principles of regression analysis, cluster analysis and the method of principal components; comparison of methods according to the criteria of efficiency, computational complexity, resistance to noise and adaptability; recommendations for choosing a method and the possibility of combining them; summary of results and identification of directions for future research. A method for detecting anomalies in microservices is considered, which includes regression analysis, cluster analysis, and the method of principal components (PCA). The results of the study confirmed that each method has its advantages and limitations. Regression analysis is effective in systems with clear trends, but less effective in complex and dynamic systems. Cluster analysis has proven to be robust to noise and capable of detecting both individual anomalies and groups of anomalous events but requires significant computational resources. The method of principal components (PCA) is a powerful tool for the analysis of high-dimensional data, but it has limitations in the high complexity of calculations and interpretation of results. Each of the considered methods has its pros and cons, so the study proposed a new method that would consist in combining them. The conclusions emphasize the importance of statistical analysis for monitoring microservice systems. Well-chosen data analysis techniques facilitate the detection of anomalies in complex environments such as microservices. The use of regression analysis, cluster analysis and the method of principal components allows you to get a deep insight into the operation of the system. However, for best results, it is recommended to combine different methods and analyze their results in the context of a specific system. This approach provides greater resistance to anomalies and faster response to them in microservice architectures.

An observational and warning system for the aquaculture sector

This work presents the steps followed in the design and implementation of a marine observatory that provides the current state and forecast of oceanic conditions relevant to the aquaculture sector. Examples of successful implementation of these guidelines are presented in the framework of the EuroSea project (H2020 grant agreement No. 862626) for two aquaculture sites: Deenish Island in Ireland and El Campello in Spain. In-situ essential ocean measurements, remote-sensing observations and modelled forecasts are jointly provided to the aquaculture end users. The process begins with stakeholder interaction to understand their main needs and concerns, followed by software architecture design and development to facilitate data acquisition, post-processing and visualization on an open-access web platform. User input regarding the development of the observatory and web platform content and frequent feedback are of paramount importance during the whole process to ensure that the services offered match the needs of the aquaculture sector.

Research data infrastructures in environmental sciences—Challenges and implementation approaches focusing on the integration of software components

AbstractResearch data infrastructures are quickly evolving and show a wide variety, for instance in the way they address user requirements and use cases as well as how they provide user‐required information through their software architecture. In this article, we discuss challenges and provide approaches to developing software architectures and software components for research data infrastructures in environmental sciences. Taking the GeoKur research project on harmonizing land use time series as the use case for curation and quality assurance of environmental research data, we designed, implemented, and tested approaches and software components with particular regard to data management planning as well as provenance and quality information management. We aim to illustrate how to better meet researchers’ needs and provide tightly interlinked software components.

Integrating Software FMEA and STPA to Develop a Bayesian Network-Based Software Risk Model for Autonomous Ships

The autonomous shipping industry is increasingly focusing on enhancing the safety and reliability of software-based systems. Conducting a risk assessment is a requirement for demonstrating the safety equivalence of autonomous ships based on such systems to conventional vessels. Traditional risk assessment models, however, primarily focus on hardware failures, often overlooking potential software-related failures and functional inadequacies. This study proposes a framework integrating Software Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA), System–Theoretic Process Analysis (STPA), and Bayesian Network (BN) for risk identification of autonomous ship software systems. The results of a case study reveal that the framework sufficiently addresses the multifaceted nature of risks related to software in autonomous ships. Based on the findings of this study, we suggest the need for standardization of software architecture development in the autonomous ship industry and highlight the necessity for an enhanced understanding of AI-specific risks and the development of tailored risk assessment methodologies.

Providing a framework for evaluation disease registry and health outcomes Software: Updating the CIPROS checklist

Background and aimsProperly designed and implemented registry systems play an important role in improving health outcomes and reducing care costs, and can provide a true representation of clinical practice, disease outcomes, safety, and efficacy. Therefore, the aim of this study was to redesign and develop a checklist with items for a patient registry software system (CIPROS) Checklist. MethodThe study is descriptive-cross-sectional. The extraction of the data elements of the checklist was first done through a comprehensive review of the texts in PubMed, Science Direct and Scopus databases and receiving articles related to the evaluation of registry systems. Based on the extracted data, a five-point Likert scale questionnaire was created and 30 experts in this field were asked for their opinions using the two-step Delphi method. ResultsA total of 100 information items were determined as a registry software evaluation checklist. This checklist included 12 groups of software architecture factors, development, interfaces and interactivity, semantics and standardization, internationality, data management, data quality and usability, data analysis, security, privacy, organizational, education and public factors. ConclusionBy using the results of this research, it is possible to identify the defects and possible strengths of the registry software and put it at the disposal of the relevant officials to make a decision in this field. In this way, among the designers and developers of these softwares, the best and most appropriate ones are selected with the needs of the registry programs.

Unraveling quantum computing system architectures: An extensive survey of cutting-edge paradigms

Context:The convergence of physics and computer science in the realm of quantum computing systems has sparked a profound revolution within the computer industry. However, despite such promise, the existing focus on quantum software systems primarily centers on the generation of quantum source code, inadvertently overlooking the pivotal role of the overall software architecture. Objectives:In order to provide comprehensive guidance to researchers and practitioners engaged in quantum software development, employing an architecture-centered development model, an extensive literature review was conducted pertaining to existing research on quantum software architecture. The analysis encompasses a detailed examination of the characteristics exhibited by these studies and the identification of prospective challenges that lie ahead in the field of quantum software architecture. Methods:We have closely examined instances of quantum software engineering, quantum modeling languages, quantum design patterns, and quantum communication security to gain insights into the distinctive attributes associated with various software architecture approaches. Results:Our findings underscore the critical significance of prioritizing software architecture in the development of robust and efficient quantum software systems. Through the synthesis of these multifaceted aspects, both researchers and practitioners can devise quantum software solutions that are inherently architecture-centric. Conclusion:The software architecture of quantum computing systems plays a pivotal role in determining their ultimate success and usability. Given the ongoing advancements in quantum computing technology, the migration of traditional software architecture development methods to the domain of quantum software development holds significant importance.

Analysis of Different ORM Tools for Data Access Object Tier Generation: A Brief Study

The Data Access Tier, also known as the Data Access Layer (DAL), is a specific tier within the 3-tier architecture or other software architectural patterns. The interaction between the application's business logic and the underlying data storage or database is managed by it. This pattern provides an abstraction layer that encapsulates the logic required to access and manipulate data in a data storage system. This paper demonstrates the related work that happened in the past regarding the generation of the data tier in between the business layer and the actual Database of the MVC/MVT architecture for faster software development. This study will go further into the imbalance of impedance among programming languages that are object-oriented and relational databases. It also elaborates on many researchers' perspectives on this topic using the ORM tool to generate such an ORM tier. Also, this paper illustrates the different shortcomings of this ORM tier. Pointing out the various approaches to data access layer generation, from databases to programming languages. Pinpointing the pitfalls of the researcher's work and how the researcher has presented their research paper. This paper will also suggest one of the proposed modules to overcome the shortcomings of the ORM tier. The proposed module has two approaches to generating the Data Access tier: reverse engineering, which means mapping from table to code, and Forward engineering, which means generating code first and then creating databases from the code.

Towards a ROS2-based software architecture for service robots

This paper presents a scalable software architecture based on robot operating system 2 (ROS2) for service robots. ROS2 supports the data distribution service (DDS) protocol that provides benefits such as real-time operation and security and performance enhancements. However, ROS2 still lacks task management capabilities, essential for practical robotic applications consisting of multiple threads and processes. Moreover, integrating new devices into ROS2 requires additional development effort to create specific drivers for specific devices. The proposed software architecture addresses these drawbacks and provides a simple and user-friendly programming interface for easier integrating of various devices and existing ROS2 applications. Moreover, it is designed using python with multi-processing to avoid issues related to the python global interrupt lock (GIL). To verify the developed software architecture, an application for a custom-made service robot called the SeoulTech service robot (SSR) is implemented on a Jetson Xavier NX board with various features, such as ROS2 navigation and SLAM, text-to-speech (TTS), speech recognition, and face recognition.

Industrial applications of a modular software architecture for line-less assembly systems based on interoperable digital twins

In manufacturing, rising demands for customized products have led to increased product variance and shortened product life cycles. In assembly lines, an increased variant diversity impedes the product flow. As a result, the utilization of assembly resources decreases, and production costs grow. An approach to increase the flexibility and adaptability of the assembly system is the implementation of the concept of line-less assembly. In the first step, the assembly line is dissolved. Then, stations are reallocated and linked by automated guided vehicles resulting in a loosely coupled layout, for example, a parallelization and interconnection of multiple lines or a matrix layout. A key requirement for the successful operation and control of a line-less assembly system is the collection and correct interpretation of data. To fully exploit the flexibility and adaptability of the concept of line-less assembly, a software architecture for planning and control must base on an information model allowing the fast integration of all shop floor assets and other data resources. Therefore, a modular data model with standardized interfaces for interoperable data exchange like a digital twin is needed. The aim of this paper is the development and implementation of a software architecture for planning and control of a line-less assembly system. Moreover, the architecture should integrate an interoperable digital twin of the physical system. To satisfy the criteria of interoperability and fast deployment, the digital twins are evolved following the methodology of a digital twin pipeline. Furthermore, a physical demonstrator serves as a testbed for the developed software architecture and digital twins. On the level of production planning and control, relevant industrial applications are identified and implemented in the form of use cases to show the functionality of the line-less assembly system as cyber-physical production system.

ИНФОРМАЦИОННАЯ СИСТЕМА МОНИТОРИНГА РЕГИОНАЛЬНЫХ ПРОЕКТОВ

The article presents the objectives and developmental stages of an information monitoring system for regional drafts and the system’s testing through implementation of a draft for self-determination and career guidance of students in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug ‒ Ugra (https://monitoring.sur-gut.digital). This includes a concept analysis of the subject field, development of software architecture, design of a user interface elements, algorithms programming, and objectives to broaden the system’s functions and prospects for its scaling in order to expand its geographical use.

A Backend-agnostic, Quantum-classical Framework for Simulations of Chemistry in C ++

As quantum computing hardware systems continue to advance, the research and development of performant, scalable, and extensible software architectures, languages, models, and compilers is equally as important to bring this novel coprocessing capability to a diverse group of domain computational scientists. For the field of quantum chemistry, applications and frameworks exist for modeling and simulation tasks that scale on heterogeneous classical architectures, and we envision the need for similar frameworks on heterogeneous quantum-classical platforms. Here, we present the XACC system-level quantum computing framework as a platform for prototyping, developing, and deploying quantum-classical software that specifically targets chemistry applications. We review the fundamental design features in XACC, with special attention to its extensibility and modularity for key quantum programming workflow interfaces and provide an overview of the interfaces most relevant to simulations of chemistry. A series of examples demonstrating some of the state-of-the-art chemistry algorithms currently implemented in XACC are presented, while also illustrating the various APIs that would enable the community to extend, modify, and devise new algorithms and applications in the realm of chemistry.

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Development of a Modular Software Architecture for Underwater Vehicles Using Systems Engineering

This paper addresses the development of a modular software architecture for the design/construction/operation of a remotely operated vehicle (ROV), based on systems engineering. First, systems engineering and the Vee model are presented with the objective of defining the interactions of the stakeholders with the software architecture development team and establishing the baselines that must be met in each development phase. In the development stage, the definition of the architecture and its connection with the hardware is presented, taking into account the use of the actor model, which represents the high-level software architecture used to solve concurrency problems. Subsequently, the structure of the classes is defined both at high and low levels in the instruments using the object-oriented programming paradigm. Finally, unit tests are developed for each component in the software architecture, quality assessment tests are implemented for system functions fulfillment, and a field sea trial for testing different modules of the vehicle is described. This approach is well suited for the development of complex systems such as marine vehicles and those systems which require scalability and modularity to add functionalities.

SPECIFICS OF CREATION OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY OF OPERATIONAL PLANNING OF MILK PROCUREMENT ON THE TERRITORY OF COMMUNITIES

The analysis of scientific works concerning the creation of information technologies in various branches of a na-tional economy is executed. The state of milk procurement systems in the subject area is analyzed. The analysis of modern approaches to information technology design is performed. Peculiarities and expediency of creation of information technology of operative planning of milk procurement on the territory of communities are substantiated. The purpose of the research is to substantiate the peculiarities of the creation of information technology and on their basis to develop a functional model of processes and system architecture of information technology operational planning of milk production in communities. They are the basis for the high-quality creation of information technology for operational planning of milk production in communities. The scientific novelty of the research is the proposed functional model of the processes of operational planning of milk production in the community and the system architecture of information technology, which, in contrast to existing ones, take into account the specifics of the subject area. In particular, they provide for the consideration of changing natural production and organizational conditions of milk production in the community, which provides timely receiving of complete and reliable information for operational planning of milk production in the community. As a result of the performed researches, the information technology of operative planning of milk procurement on the territory of communities is offered. It involves the implementation of five interrelated groups of processes, which involve the collection, processing and storage of data, taking into account the specifics of the subject area. A functional model for the implementation of the management process of operational planning, which is the basis for making quality management decisions on the formation of operational plans and the formation of work orders. The system architecture of the information system of operative planning of milk procurement on the territory of communities is offered. It involves the creation of five interconnected subsystems that have connections to the database. The proposed system architecture is the basis for the development of software architecture and the development of applications that will accelerate and provide quality support for management decisions during the operational planning of milk production in the community.

Approach for modeling and implementation of an intelligent system for livestock cattle on pastures

The development of digital technologies in the era of Industry 4.0 and strategic documents at national and European level determine the need to develop intelligent systems for precision agriculture and animal husbandry. The fact is that raising cattle on pastures ensures the production of organic food in an environmentally friendly environment. The report examines an approach to the development of an intelligent IoT system for raising cows on pastures and shares the results obtained so far from the implementation of the developed prototype. The developed software architecture is presented and substantiated. The prototype version of the software environment for modeling animal behavior is discussed.

Accident Risk Detection in Urban Trees using Machine Learning and Fuzzy Logic

Knowing the state of trees and their associated risks contribute to the care of the population. Machine Learning, through supervised learning, has demonstrated its effectiveness in various areas of knowledge. The risk of accidents can be predicted by having different tree data, including height, species, condition, presence of pests, the area where it is planted, climatic events, and age. This work proposes a platform to register trees and predict their risk. The solution considers integrating technology and applications for those in charge of maintenance and changes in current procedures. The risk prediction process is carried out through a fuzzification process that contributes to the responsible entities’ decision-making. Preliminary results of this research are presented, and the capacity of the developed software architecture is demonstrated, where the scalability of the prediction algorithm stands out.

Blockchain-Based Software Architecture Development for Service Requirements With Smart Contracts

We review the background, classification, specifications, and related aspects of using smart contracts in blockchain services and introduce a framework for generating a general software architecture in the context of contract-oriented programming.

Safety Design Strategies in Highly Autonomous Drive Level 2 – Lateral Control Decomposition Concept

The paper is based on an experimental study at VSB TUO Ostrava with a DEMOCAR vehicle that simulates a real car with sensor fusion concept and a vehicle gateway to send and coordinate commands to ECUs to realize and manage autonomous driving. In this experimental study of autonomous driving vehicles control, a HARA (Hazard and Risk Analysis, ISO 26262:2018) has been done on vehicle level and strategies have been defined and implemented to manage safety situations where the car lateral control shall be hand over to a driver when in HAD 2 mode. The issue is that the switching to safe state shall not be done immediately but the vehicle has to stay in safe driving mode – fail-operational up to 4 seconds until a driver can take over. The UECE and other relevant studies show that it can take up to 6 seconds if driver/operator is not in the flow (HAD 3) and up to the 2 seconds when driver is in the flow (HAD 1). The paper makes assumptions and proposals about vehicle lateral control strategy to ensure the smooth take- over of the car by driver and its impact on control software development architectures.

Implementation of Microservices in Fintech Applications Using Expressis Framework

Along with the development of software architecture, the emergence of microservice architecture has become a trend used by developers in recent years. This study aims to analyze the implementation of microservices in Fintech applications using the ExpressJs framework. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative method. This study uses a library research method that refers to resources available both online and offline such as: scientific journals, books and news sourced from trusted sources. The method used in making the application is DevOps. In this method, there are eight stages of software development, plan, code, build, test, release, deploy, operate, monitor. Based on the discussion and testing that has been carried out, several conclusions can be drawn namely microservice makes application development easier and more flexible by adding services as needed. Make it easier for other applications to access services that have been made via HTTP Requests, another thing is to facilitate application integration between platforms, both mobile, web and desktop.