Development Of Semantic Web Applications Research Articles

Semantic Web in Disaster Management: A Systematic Literature Review

Disaster management requires extensive and various information. Semantic web offers a large potential to be utilized in the applications for supporting disaster management with its ability to integrate heterogeneous data from diverse sources. This study aims at investigating the extent to which semantic web is used in disaster management systems. The study conducted as a systematic literature review on 13 papers from academic databases that are leading in the area of computer science, i.e. ACM Digital Library, IEEE Explore and Science Direct. The result shows that the applications in the selected papers are mainly provided to institutions responsible for disaster management. Emergency relief is the phase that is supported by most applications. The study indicates that common geospatial ontology is necessary to facilitate the development of semantic web applications for disaster management. In the selected papers, the use of semantic web for data integration is done via an integration layer. This layer includes semantic processing to ensure that all data from multiple sources have proper semantics and to facilitate the application in querying the integrated information.

Research on the Development Method of the Semantic Web Application Based on AllegroGraph

With the continuous development of semantic web technology, semantic web applications are getting more and more attention. However, the research on semantic web applications at home and abroad is still in the theoretical stage, lacking the specific methods of semantic web application development. Moreover, there are few semantic web products for users. In response to this problem, the advantages of AllegroGraph in semantic data storage and query as well as in the semantic web application development are introduced. Then the development framework of the semantic web application based on AllegroGraph and its implementation method are given. Specifically, taking information retrieval as an example, the construction process of the data layer, the logic layer and the presentation layer are described in detail. The experimental results show that the information retrieval method based on semantic, compared with that based on keyword, has a significant improvement in the recall rate and precision rate, which lays a foundation for the application of semantic web products in enterprises to a certain extent.

OAM: An Ontology Application Management Framework for Simplifying Ontology-Based Semantic Web Application Development

Although the Semantic Web data standards are established, ontology-based applications built on the standards are relatively limited. This is partly due to high learning curve and efforts demanded in building ontology-based Semantic Web applications. In this paper, we describe an ontology application management (OAM) framework that aims to simplify creation and adoption of ontology-based application that is based on the Semantic Web technology. OAM introduces an intermediate layer between user application and programming and development environment in order to support ontology-based data publishing and access, abstraction and interoperability. The framework focuses on providing reusable and configurable data and application templates, which allow the users to create the applications without programming skill required. Three forms of templates are introduced: database to ontology mapping configuration, recommendation rule and application templates. We describe two case studies that adopted the framework: activity recognition in smart home domain and thalassemia clinical support system, and how the framework was used in simplifying development in both projects. In addition, we provide some performance evaluation results to show that, by limiting expressiveness of the rule language, a specialized form of recommendation processor can be developed for more efficient performance. Some advantages and limitations of the application framework in ontology-based applications are also discussed.

A Metadesign Approach in Ontology Construction

This paper describes the ontology construction using a metadesign approach. The approach will constitutes key concepts such as: supporting human-problem interaction, underdesigning for emergent behavior, enabling legitimate peripheral participation, sharing control, promoting mutual learning and support, rewarding and recognizing contributions, and fostering reflective communities. The approach supports for flexibility and extensibility in the process and the used tools. The development of semantic web applications was part of the tools support to follow the metadesign framework. The central actor along the phases are the domain experts who also were respondencts in the survey. Based on the resultant ontology and the survey of the participatory domain-experts in a case-study, this approach proved to effectively build the ontology.

Software Process and Quality Evaluation for Semantic Web Applications

ABSTRACTSemantic Web applications offer the benefit of providing reusable machine understandable content in the form of an ontology. Machine understandability is one of the most important aspects that differentiate Semantic Web based applications from traditional software. Hence, there is a need to adapt several features of the Software Engineering paradigm to Semantic Web based application development in order to make development and delivery of the latter, more efficient. In this paper, a rigorous review of the state of the art in this area has been presented. The existing works on Software Engineering processes for Semantic Web application development, on the process for reengineering web applications to Semantic Web applications, and on the quality assessment of Semantic Web applications have been reviewed with discussion on the brief process, tools used, contribution, limitations, and some other features of each work. In addition to identified research gaps in these directions, some observations have also been drawn.

Mapping Ontologies to Objects using a Transformation based on Description Logics

To manage the increasing complexity of computer systems, a need has arisen to process knowledge instead of only data. Ontologies are nowadays widely used to describe domain knowledge, but although a high level of interest is present with researchers, the technology has not yet sufficiently been put into practice. We present an approach that addresses the transformation of abstract ontological concepts into everyday programming technologies in order to ease the development of semantic web applications for solving common engineering tasks. The presented formal mapping and its implementation - the MOOT framework - is an evolution in the field of ontology to object mapping. They rely on description logics to formalize the transformation process and allow for a detailed discussion about the entailed expressivity. We pay special attention to logical characteristics of roles in order to preserve as much expressivity as possible. Furthermore, an evaluation of the system is presented, where its performance and scalability is demonstrated. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.itc.43.3.4952

Reality mining on micropost streams

The rapid growth of personal opinions published in form of microposts, such as those found on Twitter, is the basis of novel emerging social and commercial services. In this paper, we describe BOTTARI, an augmented reality application that permits the personalized and localized recommendation of points of interest (POIs) based on the temporally-weighted opinions of the community. The technological basis of BOTTARI is the highly scalable LarKC platform for the rapid prototyping and development of Semantic Web applications. In particular, BOTTARI exploits LarKC's deductive and inductive stream reasoning. We present an evaluation of BOTTARI based on a three year collection of tweets about 319 restaurants located in the 2 km 2 district of Insadong, a popular tourist area of the South Korean city of Seoul. BOTTARI is the winner of the 9th edition of the Semantic Web Challenge, co-located with the 2011 International Semantic Web Conference. BOTTARI is currently field tested in Korea by Saltlux.

Practical experiences for the development of educational sys-tems in the semantic web

Semantic Web technologies have been applied in educational settings for different purposes in recent years, with the type of application being mainly defined by the way in which knowledge is represented and exploited. The basic technology for knowledge representation in Semantic Web settings is the ontology, which represents a common, shareable and reusable view of a particular application domain. Ontologies can support different activities in educational settings such as organizing course contents, classifying learning objects or assessing learning levels. Consequently, ontologies can become a very useful tool from a pedagogical perspective. This paper focuses on two different experiences where Semantic Web technologies are used in educational settings, the difference between them lying in how knowledge is obtained and represented. On the one hand, the OeLE platform uses ontologies as a support for assessment processes. Such ontologies have to be designed and implemented in semantic languages apt to be used by OeLE. On the other hand, the ENSEMBLE project pursues the development of semantic web applications by creating specific knowledge representations drawn from user needs. Our paper is consequently going to offer an in-depth analysis of the role played by ontologies, showing how they can be used in different ways drawing a comparison between model patterns and examining the ways in which they can complement each other as well as their practical implications

Completeness Guarantees for Incomplete Ontology Reasoners: Theory and Practice

To achieve scalability of query answering, the developers of Semantic Web applications are often forced to use incomplete OWL 2 reasoners, which fail to derive all answers for at least one query, ontology, and data set. The lack of completeness guarantees, however, may be unacceptable for applications in areas such as health care and defence, where missing answers can adversely affect the application's functionality. Furthermore, even if an application can tolerate some level of incompleteness, it is often advantageous to estimate how many and what kind of answers are being lost. In this paper, we present a novel logic-based framework that allows one to check whether a reasoner is complete for a given query Q and ontology T---that is, whether the reasoner is guaranteed to compute all answers to Q w.r.t. T and an arbitrary data set A. Since ontologies and typical queries are often fixed at application design time, our approach allows application developers to check whether a reasoner known to be incomplete in general is actually complete for the kinds of input relevant for the application. We also present a technique that, given a query Q, an ontology T, and reasoners R_1 and R_2 that satisfy certain assumptions, can be used to determine whether, for each data set A, reasoner R_1 computes more answers to Q w.r.t. T and A than reasoner R_2. This allows application developers to select the reasoner that provides the highest degree of completeness for Q and T that is compatible with the application's scalability requirements. Our results thus provide a theoretical and practical foundation for the design of future ontology-based information systems that maximise scalability while minimising or even eliminating incompleteness of query answers.

A taskonomy for the Semantic Web

The modalities of search and browse dominate current thinking about interaction with the Web. Given the Web's origins as a global hypertext system, it is understandable that these document-centric interaction patterns prevail. However, these modalities alone are inadequate as a conceptual model of interaction with the global Linked Data space that is the Semantic Web. Realising the full potential of the Semantic Web requires a fundamental reconsideration of Web interaction patterns in the light of Linked Data, and this renewed conceptualisation must drive the research agenda related to user interaction and the Semantic Web. This paper argues that a fundamental understanding of user goals and tasks is the appropriate perspective from which to approach the research and development of Semantic Web applications. However, the Web in Semantic Web should not detract from the potential for cross-platform data interoperability enabled by the Semantic Web technology stack. In this context we propose a taskonomy of data- and object-centric user tasks derived from an analytical abstraction of existing research, not simply in the fields of Web search and browse but also email and Instant Messaging, that can help shape the direction of research and application development in the Semantic Web field.

Simplifying Semantic Web application development and semantic data usage

This thesis is focused on reducing the gap between Semantic Web technicians and common Web developers and users. To this end, software infrastructure and Web applications have been developed. Experimental results show that the effort required to develop a simple Semantic Web application is reduced in terms of development time and number of required tools. Besides, users report high values of usability and satisfaction concerning the user interface of these applications.

ActiveRDF: Embedding Semantic Web data into object-oriented languages

Semantic Web applications share a large portion of development effort with database-driven Web applications. Existing approaches for development of these database-driven applications cannot be directly applied to Semantic Web data due to differences in the underlying data model. We develop a mapping approach that embeds Semantic Web data into object-oriented languages and thereby enables reuse of existing Web application frameworks. We analyse the relation between the Semantic Web and the Web, and survey the typical data access patterns in Semantic Web applications. We discuss the mismatch between object-oriented programming languages and Semantic Web data, for example in the semantics of class membership, inheritance relations, and object conformance to schemas. We present ActiveRDF, an object-oriented API for managing RDF data that offers full manipulation and querying of RDF data, does not rely on a schema and fully conforms to RDF(S) semantics. ActiveRDF can be used with different RDF data stores: adapters have been implemented to generic SPARQL endpoints, Sesame, Jena, Redland and YARS and new adapters can be added easily. We demonstrate the usage of ActiveRDF and its integration with the popular Ruby on Rails framework which enables rapid development of Semantic Web applications.