Development Of Self-compacting Concrete Research Articles

Flexural Behaviour and Durability of Self Compacting Concrete Mixed with SN-Based Corrosion Inhibitor

The present study aimed to create a Self-Compacting Concrete (SCC) that possesses long-lasting properties and evaluate its fresh, mechanical, and durability properties by substituting 30% of the cement with class F fly ash. Furthermore, the performance of SCC that has been admixed with an SN-based corrosion inhibitor was investigated. Various factors such as the ratio of water to powder, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate (12mm downgraded), and the SN-based corrosion inhibitor were studied. The particle size distribution of the materials was analyzed using a sieve to achieve an even distribution of sizes, appropriate packing, and a lower void content. Multiple mixes were conducted, each with a unique combination of fine and coarse aggregate, as well as a water-to-powder ratio that was altered to optimize the mix percentage. Finally, controlled SCC (or mix M2) met the fresh property standards outlined in the EFNARC guidelines and specifications.The mechanical and durability properties of control SCC and SCC admixed with an SN-based corrosion inhibitor were investigated. Results showed a significant improvement in the compressive strength, split tensile strength, and flexural behavior of Reinforced Cement Concrete (RCC) beams when control SCC was utilized. Furthermore, the SCC with 2% SN demonstrated superior performance in terms of chloride penetration compared to the control SCC. The flexural strength parameters of the SCC with 2% SN were comparable to those of the control SCC. Based on the study's findings, it can be concluded that the addition of inhibitors at a weight percentage of 2% of the cement supplied increased durability properties without affecting the strength properties of SCC. Therefore, the created durable SCC can be recommended for applications such as bridges, prefabricated constructions, and deck slabs which are densely crowded with steel rebars. The study's findings could contribute to the development of SCC with enhanced properties, which would lead to more durable and sustainable construction materials.

ANALYSIS OF PROSPECTS FOR THE USE OF LOCAL RAW MATERIALS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF SELF-SEALING CONCRETES IN THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN

Initiation of production and application of self-compacting concrete (SCC) in Kazakhstan requires not only local research within the framework of solving technological problems in one agglomeration under active construction, but also an assessment of potential opportunities for the development of the raw material base of SBC and processing industries in different regions. Taking into account that the raw material possibilities for these purposes in the regions of Kazakhstan differ to a great extent, and the considered type of concrete is economically feasible only when using local raw materials in the composition, the conceptual approaches to the selection and evaluation of raw materials for SCC, known in the world scientific practice, were analyzed and summarized. as well as the results of the development of SCC in KazGASA with the use of raw materials relevant for a number of regions. Studies of local raw materials have shown the prospect of using high-silica furnaces in high-strength substations; fillers from the screenings of stone crushing of local rocks, represented by hydrothermally and metasomatically altered porphyrites of medium-major composition and porphyries of decrystallized quartz-feldspar composition; granites and hybrid rock of quartz diorite in composition with zeolite, microsilica. Issues requiring study were identified in the application of certain types of raw materials, which differ in mineralogical and other characteristics from those previously studied, issues in the development of own technology for the synthesis of organic modifiers for SCC.

Long term durability assessment of self-compacting concrete made with crushed recycled glass and metakaolin

Sustainable production in construction industry can only be possible through a proper management and conservation of limited natural resources such as fine aggregates. This challenge can be tackled by efficient utilization of discarded waste material such as glass in production of sustainable concrete. This paper investigates the use of crushed recycled glass (CRG) and metakaolin (MK) in development of durable self-compacting concrete (SCC). Four groups of SCC mixtures were prepared using different proportions of CRG (0–50%), while keeping MK concentration equal to 0%, 4%, 8% and 12%. Durability performance of SCC was accessed using water absorption, sorptivity, chloride ion permeability, drying shrinkage, water penetrability under pressure and alkali-silica reaction (ASR) tests. As the CRG content increased, group 4 (having 12 % MK) was most efficient in improving drying shrinkage and pressurized water penetration results; whereas Group 1 (0% MK mixtures) exhibited a minimal change. Raising CRG content in the mix resulted in decrease of water absorption and chloride ion penetration for all groups with group 4 exhibiting maximum reduction. ASR testing revealed that incorporating glass at a higher concentration (40% and 50%) resulted in excessive expansion (more than prescribed limit of 0.1%), which can be suppressed by partially substituting cement with MK. FE-SEM and TGA analysis were carried out to understand the mechanism behind these changes, which revealed that the secondary hydration products formed by addition of MK in concrete can densify the pore structure and refine CRG particle-cement paste interfacial micro-crack width (was evident from FE-SEM micrographs), thus improving the durability of concrete. Indeed, simultaneous incorporation of CRG and MK proved to be advantageous for development of green SCC.

Evaluation of the Rheological and Durability Performance of Sustainable Self-Compacting Concrete

Self-Compacting Concrete (SCC) is a special concrete that can flow easily across congested reinforcements. Also, it is easy to work with and does not segregate. The present investigation aims at the design and development of sustainable SCC with the employment of industrial by-products such as Fly Ash (FA), Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBFS), and Expanded Perlite Aggregate (EPA). Four SCC mixes were developed to attain a target strength of 30 MPa. Workability tests (slump flow, J-ring, and V-funnel tests) were performed following the EFNARC guidelines to ensure fresh SCC properties. Detailed experiments were conducted to evaluate the durability characteristics of the developed SCC, such as water absorption, sorptivity, acid attacks (sulphuric, nitric, sulphate, and chloride), the Rapid Chloride Penetration Test (RCPT), and finally, the elevated temperature test. Weight loss, strength loss, and physical observations of the acid and temperature effects of SCC mixes were evaluated. Also, the study focuses on the cost and sustainable index of SCC mixes and compares them with OPC mixes. From the experimental data analysis, it was observed that the developed SCC showed excellent physical and mechanical properties with a considerable reduction in cement content. SCC specimens with FA and EPA exhibit excellent acid and temperature resistance. Following the sustainable analysis, it was noted that SCC mixes reduce about 15–17.2% of carbon emissions compared to the OPC mix.

Rheological behaviour, hydration, and microstructure of self-compacting concrete incorporating ground ferronickel slag as partial cement replacement

Self-compacting concrete (SCC) is a special type of concrete which has some additional requirements beyond those of traditionally vibrated concrete, such as high flowability and consolidation by self-weight without any segregation of the ingredients. In this research, the production of SCC has been investigated by utilizing a metallurgical by-product, namely ferronickel slag (FNS) to enhance the green supply chain in concrete industry. FNS at 40% replacement of natural sand, and ground ferronickel slag (GFNS) at the rates of 0%, 20%, 35%, and 50% replacement of cement was used, and the rheological, hydration, strength, and microstructural development of SCC are presented in this paper. The fresh properties were assessed by rheology, slump flow, T50, V-funnel, J ring, L-box, U-box, and visual stability index tests. The heat of hydration was determined by isothermal calorimetry, and scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, and x-ray powder diffraction techniques were used for microstructural analysis. The results were evaluated against the recommendations of the European and Japanese standards for SCC. Increases in fluidity and workability and decreases in yield stress and viscosity were observed with the increase in GFNS content. Delayed hydration heat was observed with the use of GFNS. The low calcium content of GFNS is attributed to this retardation. The 28 days compressive strength decreased from 79 MPa for the control mix by 16% due to 35% cement replacement by GFNS. This is considered reasonable due to the use of low-calcium GFNS as a cement replacement. The heterogeneous and porous morphology of the microstructure of GFNS incorporated SCC is ascribed to this decrement. Considering both fresh and hardened properties, the GFNS incorporated SCC mixtures are found comparable to the control SCC mixture. Therefore, FNS can be used as a promising alternative ingredient for SCC to strengthen the eco-friendly supply chain and sustainable waste management.

Anionic Copolymers with Different Charge Densities for Regulating the Properties of Cement Pastes.

Self-compacting concrete (SCC) is an extremely flowable concrete, which increases the probability of segregation and bleeding. Viscosity-modifying admixtures (VMAs) have been developed to improve the stability of SCC. Synthetic polymer VMAs have excellent water solubility and stability, and can be easily chemically prepared and modified. In this work, a series of copolymers based on anionic 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) and nonionic N, N-dimethyl acrylamide (DMAA), with similar molecular weights but different charge densities, were prepared. The effect of the charge density of the anionic polymers on the fluidity, rheological property, and adsorption behavior of the cement pastes was investigated. The action mechanism of the polymers was discussed. The results indicate that the charge density of anionic polymer VMAs is of great significance for the development of cost-effective SCCs with good rheological properties.

Gravimetric weight loss of steel in self-compacting concrete blended with wood ash and silica fume.

The present research work deals with the development of self-compacting concrete (SCC) containing wood ash (WA), silica fume (SF) and their combination (1:1 ratio). Several research studies have reported on the performance of WA and SF-blended SCC. However, very limited information is available on the effects of silica dioxide (SiO2) and subsequent formation of calcium-silicate-hydrate (C-S-H) gel and its benefit on the strength and durability enhancement of self-compacting concrete. In this work, wood ash (WA) and silica fume (SF) were used as cement replacement materials, and studies were carried out on the chemical composition and its contribution in the strength development of SCC. Compressive strength, ultrasonic pulse velocity and dynamic modulus of elasticity have been increased when the cement is replaced with WA, SF and WA + SF content up to 10%, 6% and 30 + 8% respectively than normal SCC. From the EDAX analysis, Ca content in the mixes, NSCC mix has higher Ca content (52.04%) whereas 10% WA SCC, 6% SF and 30% WA + 6% SF SCC has 41.78%, 33.64% and 28.77% respectively. Similarly, SiO2 content 6% SF-blended SCC has higher value (38.03%) than other mixes. As 6% SF-blended SCC has a higher value of SiO2, it gives the higher compressive strength and UPV values because of high reactivity and subsequent formation of C-S-H gel.

Development of Self-Compacting Concrete using Composite Cement with Partial Replacement of Potable Water with Treated Wastewater

Abstract: Due to the rapid urbanization in the world, the groundwater level in this continent is decreasing by days. In addition, sea levels are rising due to global warming. For this reason, potable water resources are depleting at an alarming rate in many countries. This trend is observed not only in India, but all over the world. The study discusses the vitality of treated domestic and industrial wastewater that can be used for concreting at construction sites which can help to eliminate the potable water problem. Different physical and chemical properties of the industrial and domestic treated wastewater will be identified. Its effect on the properties of self-compacting concrete was examined in this study. The main objective of this research was to provide a durable and effective solution to the water scarcity. SCC can help mitigate these types of problems in such harsh jobsite environments. Preferably the development of concrete mixes, where pouring and compacting is less dependent on available labor at a particular site, can help improve the actual quality of concrete in the structure and thereby its durability. It is therefore an important driving force in the development of self-compacting concrete. This thesis demonstrates an opportunity to use treated wastewater as an alternative to potable water in concrete. This trial investigation has been carried out at SCC with composite cement having different compositions. Potable water was replaced with treated wastewater by 50% and 100%. Using these additions M30 and M35 grade SCC were casted. The properties of fresh concrete were determined using the slump flow, T500mm test, the V-funnel test and the L-Box test. In addition, this study highlights the average compressive strength of cubes, tensile strength at fracture and flexural strength of concrete. From the above results of fresh concrete and hardened concrete properties, it can be inferred that treated wastewater can be used as a substitute of potable water. Keywords: Potable water, Treated wastewater, SCC, slump flow, V-funnel, L-Box, Compressive strength, Split tensile strength, Flexural strength.

A review on the application of artificial intelligence in the mix design optimization and development of self-compacting concrete

Obtaining the strength-oriented mix design, balanced proportions of the additional constituents of Self Compacting Concrete (SCC) has remained a time-consuming, approximated, and repetitive work. In addition, the conventional evaluation methods have raised the challenges of accuracy and interpretation of the results, thereby limiting SCC applications. Nevertheless, in the past few years, researchers are working to overcome these challenges by incorporating the optimization methods and prediction models for the mix designing using artificial intelligence (AI) concepts and modern optimization methods, namely artificial neural network (ANN). This paper reviews the recent advances in integrating the AI methods to obtain mix design of the SCC ingredients and the strength prediction of the optimized mixtures. The review revealed that an appropriate AI-based optimization method could provide the optimum proportions of the varying constituents of SCC effectively and accurately. Moreover the AI-based methods supported the construction and utilization of the models to predict the strength and durability properties. On the other hand, the review highlighted the need to extend the AI concepts to automate the conventional testing methods of SCC mixes. The review also provides essential information about the innovative futuristic work required to refine the SCC mix design and performance further using AI methods.

Strength Parameters of Blended Recycled Aggregate for M40 Self-Compacted Concrete

Waste material like building demolition waste is creating lot of environmental problems. Apart from this even industrial waste is also polluting environment. This waste material can be utilized in making of concrete. Self-compacting concrete (SCC) is one of the high-performance concrete (HPC), which will be spread like a liquid and there is no need of compacting the concrete. The ingredients are same as the normal concrete with some modification in the mix design, so that concrete will become SCC. An attempt has been made to develop the SCC with industrial waste materials. In the present investigation Nan Su mix design has been chosen for development of SCC. For the experiments 10% of recycled aggregate and 20% fly ash and 1% of superplasticizer has been used for making of SCC. The number of samples prepared are 12 numbers of 15X15X15cm cubes and 12 cylinders of 15X30cm casted for both conventional and SCC mixes. These specimens are tested for compressive and split tensile strengths after 7 and 28 days of curing. The results show decrease in the strengths of SCC with recycled aggregate.

Development of self-compacting concrete using Bailey aggregate grading technique in comparison with Indian standard code of practice

Purpose This study aims to present the results of an experimental evaluation of low (M30), mid (M40) and high (M50) grade self-compacting concrete (SCC) with three nominal maximum aggregate sizes (NMAS), namely, 20 mm, 16 mm and 12.5 mm, with Bailey gradation (BG) in comparison with Indian standard gradation (ISG). Design/methodology/approach This study was conducted in a laboratory by testing the characteristics of fresh and hardened properties of self-compacting concrete. Findings Rheological and mechanical properties of SCC were evaluated in detail and according to the results, a concrete sample containing lower NMAS with BG demonstrated improvement in modulus of elasticity and compressive strength, while improving the rheological properties as well. Meanwhile, SCC demonstrated poor performance in split tensile and flexural strengths with lower NMAS gradations and a direct correlation was evident as the increase in NMAS caused an increase in the strength and vice-versa. Originality/value Upon comparison of BG with ISG, it was revealed that BG mixes succeeded to demonstrate superior performance. From the material optimization, rheological and mechanical performance study, it is recommended that BG with NMAS 16 mm can be used for conventional SCC.

Fresh Characteristics of High-Performance Self-Compacting Concrete using Induction Furnace Slag as Supplementary Cementitious Material

Using wastes products in concrete contributes towards sustainability in civil engineering construction. Producing high-performance-self-compacting concrete (HPSCC), using induction furnace slag (IFS) contributes positively to the sustainability of concrete technology. Many researchers have developed self-compacting concrete (SCC), but there are minimal investigations reported considering the high-performance in the development of SCC. The aim of this paper is to determine the fresh characteristics of HPSCC, using IFS as a supplementary cementitious material. Tests were conducted on filling ability, passing ability, as well as resistance to segregation of the fresh HPSCCs, containing IFS at percentage replacement of 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50%. Slump flow and T50cm slump flow tests were conducted to determine the filling ability. L-Box test was used to determine the passing ability. V-funnel at T5minutes test was conducted to determine the resistance to segregation. The results showed that the slump flow ranged between 652 and 687 mm, the T50cm slump flow ranged between 2.59 and 3.97 seconds, the L-box value ranged between 0.81 and 0.95, while V-funnel at T5minutes ranged between 1.88 and 3.11. The fresh properties criteria, according to EFNARC were fulfilled, except for few concretes with IFS content greater than 20%. It is therefore recommended that induction furnace slag be incorporated as a supplementary cementitious material (SCM) when producing HPSCC.

Effect of packing factor and fine aggregate/total aggregate ratio on the development of self-compacting concrete

This paper presents the effect of packing factor and fine aggregate/total aggregate ratio on the performance of the self-compacting concrete (SCC). A higher PF value would imply a greater amount of the coarse and fine aggregates used, thus, decreasing the content of binders in SCC. In this paper M30 grade plain SCC mixes are developed with the different combinations of packing factors (PF) (varying from1.12 to 1.18) and fine to total aggregate ratios (s/a) (0.50 to 0.57) and found that the PF & s/a combinations of 1.12 & 0.53 and 1.14 & 0.57 are found to be optimum as these combinations gave maximum compressive strengths which can be attributed to high achievement of particle packing densities in SCC mixes. As PF increases powder content decreases and aggregate content increases requiring more paste to make the SCC mix workable. Less value PF will have high particle packing density yielding more strength due to improved microstructure of SCC mixes. At PF & s/a combinations of 1.12 & 0.53 and 1.14 & 0.57, the workability of SCC mixes is superior because of high paste volume and less aggregate content.

Study on influence of Metakaolin and waste marble powder on self-compacting concrete – A state of the art review

The development of Self-compacting concrete (SCC) was initiated in Japan in late 1980. SCC is understood for its self-consolidation and flows through narrow spaces in the formwork and does not require external vibration which has enhanced its acknowledgment over normal concrete, thus increasing the interest of researchers to focus on this building and construction material. A lot of research on SCC has been done in Japan, Turkey, Iran, United Kingdom, Algeria, Thailand, Malaysia, and India. Common industrial materials such as Limestone Powder (LP), Metakaolin (MK), Fly Ash (FA), Silica Fume (SF) and Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GBFS) have been used to increase the efficiency of SCC. There are also numerous options on recycle materials which can be utilized for the development of SCC. This paper focusses on the use of pozzolanic material like Metakaolin (MK) as a mineral admixture and non-pozzolanic material like Waste Marble Powder (WMP) as a filler material. Both types of materials have a positive effect on the fresh, hardened and durability state of SCC. The use of MK plays an important role in decreasing the environmental pollution by way of lesser carbon dioxide emissions. The use of WMP reduces the segregation, bleeding and cost of production of SCC. Therefore, this paper containing the valuable and significant information can provide a platform for the new researchers for future investigations on SCC.

Impact Resistance and Strength Development of Fly Ash Based Self-compacting Concrete

The development of self-compacting concrete using alternative materials is expanding in recent years due to the technical and economic benefits of the mixture. This study focuses on the structural and compositional behavior of sodium hydroxide (NaOH)-activated fly ash based self-compacting concrete (SCC). Fly ash was partially replaced with Ordinary Portland Cement from 0–30%. The tests performed on concrete samples include workability, strength, microstructural, and impact resistance. The results showed that activated fly ash reduces the heat of the hydration process of the concrete mixture but enhances pozzolanic reactions, which led to increased strength properties. The addition of activated fly ash modifies the mineralogy of the concrete, as evident in strength characteristics. The best performance of the activated fly ash based SCC, in terms of strength, was found at 10–15% substitutions, which can somewhat reduce the cost of production of SCC and strength improvement advantage.

Robustness of self-compacting concrete containing waste foundry sand and metakaolin: A sustainable approach

Waste foundry sand (WFS) is a solid waste generated from the metal casting industries around the world, problem of its disposal and utilization are burgeoning universally. WFS is termed as a hazardous material due to the presence of organic and inorganic materials that are capable of contaminating the environment and can cause serious health issues. The study aims to re-utilize WFS in large volumes in concrete as a fine aggregate. The major impediment in the production of self-compacting concrete (SCC) is the robustness of concrete mixture. To study the effect of WFS on the robustness of SCC, six different mixtures were prepared having WFS up to 50 % at regular intervals of 10 % employing metakaolin as a substitute for cement at a constant ratio. It was revealed that the incorporation of WFS improved the robustness behavior of SCC, despite the change of ±10 L/m3 water dosage in SCC mixtures, all the mixes were observed falling in the same classes. Incorporation of 40 % WFS increased compressive strength by 17.2 % relative to control concrete at 56 days curing ages. The findings of the study suggest that WFS can be used in large volumes for the development of SCC without compromising its properties.

Valorization of recycled materials in development of self-compacting concrete: Mixing recycled concrete aggregates – Windshield waste glass aggregates

Abstract The presented paper is based on a comparative experimental study aimed to incorporate coarse recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) and coarse recycled glass aggregates (RGA) from waste glass “windshield” in the composition of self-compacting concrete (SCC). The main objective is to study the influence of these aggregates on fresh and hardened concrete properties. In order to reach this purpose, two series of SCC mixes were prepared by replacing natural coarse aggregates (NCA) by RCA and RCA by RGA. The key properties of SCC recommended by European specifications and guidelines (EFNARC), were measured in the fresh state. While the compressive strength, water absorption testing and the observations on cross-section to evaluate the stability and segregation potential, were conducted on hardened concretes. For replacement of NCA by RCA, the use in SCC fine and coarse recycled concrete aggregates is not advisable, the flowability criteria cannot be ensured. The experimental results showed that the slump flow test has given a diameter of 610 mm. Likewise, also the L-box blocking ratio was limited to 0.2. The replacement of RCA by RGA did not significantly affect the initial slump, the obtained values are all above the minimum threshold of 650 mm. EFNARC criterion of passing ability is also satisfied. The yield stress and the plastic viscosity, determined by empirical equations, are in agreement with those observed with traditional SCC. The compressive strength of the RGA–SCC mixes decreased with an increase in recycled glass content but remain within the strength range of self-compacting concretes. The results have showed that it is possible to produce SCC with windshield waste glass aggregates.

Fresh and hardened properties of self-compacting concrete using silicon carbide waste as a viscosity-modifying agent

The aim of this paper was to evaluate the preparation of self-compacting concrete (SCC) with silicon carbide waste (SCW) as an alternative of the viscosity-modifying agent. Fresh properties like flowability, viscosity, filling and passing abilities as well as segregation resistance were measured while hardened properties such as strength, drying shrinkage, water absorption and chloride permeability were determined. The mechanisms responsible for the performance variations were explored by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and nitrogen adsorption analyses. Results show that SCW improves the viscosity, filling and passing abilities, segregation resistance and flowability retention of SCC at proper replacement ratios although superplasticizer demand is increased. Besides, strength, drying shrinkage, water absorption and chloride permeability are closely related to SCW amount. Specifically, drying shrinkage, initial absorption and chloride permeability decreases as SCW increases and SCW improves strengths and final absorption at ratio no less than 15%. It is proved that SCW has porous structure with high water absorption, mainly accounting for its viscosity regulating performance. Water absorption and chloride impermeability improvement of SCC can be explained by the microstructure densification. Drying shrinkage is reduced due to the high water absorption and timely releasing ability of SCW. And the combined effects of internal curing, reinforcing filling and further hydration promotion of SCW boost the strength development of SCC. These results favor the reutilization of SCW and the sustainable development of cement and concrete industries.

Thermal Treatment of Self-Compacting Concrete in Cast-<i>In Situ</i> Construction

Self-compacting concrete (SCC) is an innovative concrete that does not require vibration for placing and compaction. Thermal treatment (TT) of SCC can significantly accelerate the strength growth during cast-in-situ construction. This paper presents a technology of TT of structures for cast-in-situ construction with SCC. Application of this technology allows to reduce the turnover of formwork, the labor costs for construction, and the construction period. We also studied the issue of strength development of SCC during TT. For our study, we used SCC of grade C25. Test samples were cured with TT by infrared radiators for 7, 9, 11, 13, 16 and 24 hours. Then warmed samples were tested for compressive strength after 0.5, 4, 12 and 24 hours of cooling period. Study was carried out on the basis of analyzing, generalizing and evaluations of experimental data. A mathematical model is proposed for determining the compressive strength of SCC after one day of curing of SCC with TT.

Influence of Asphalt Dust Waste Material in Mix Design for Self-Compacting Concrete

Various studies on concrete have been conducted to utilize waste materials from different industries to produce sustainable green concrete. Adding asphalt dust waste (ADW) as a filler in the development of self-compacting concrete (SCC) is one of the alternative solutions. SCC is a high workability concrete that can flow under its own weight without vibration process and flows with gravity effect. However, there is limited information on the effect of ADW in the development of SCC. Therefore, this study is conducted to investigate the use of ADW in SCC in order to maximize its benefits in improving the workability of SCC. This experimental study was done to examine the effects of water binder ratio and amount of superplasticizer (SP) on the rheological and mechanical properties of the developed SCC. The results showed that the increase of w/b ratio and amount of SP will also improve the workability of SCC. It was found that the suitable percentages of ADW as a concrete filler are between 30% to 50%. In conclusion, the results showed that the optimum percentage of ADW in SCC mix design was 40% with a w/b ratio of 0.3 and 2% SP which yielded a compressive strength of 40.8 MPa.