Development Of Risk Assessment Tool Research Articles

Preoperative glycaemic control, number of pain locations, structural knee damage, self-reported central sensitisation, satisfactionand personal control are predictive of 1-year postoperative pain, and change in pain from pre- to 1-year posttotal knee arthroplasty.

The aim of this study was to identify preoperative predictors for 1-year posttotal knee arthroplasty (TKA) pain and pre- to post-TKA pain difference in knee osteoarthritis (KOA) patients. From March 2018 to July 2023, this prospective longitudinal cohort study enrolled KOA patients awaiting TKA from four hospitals in Belgium and the Netherlands. Different biopsychosocial predictors were assessed preoperatively by questionnaires and physical examinations (input variables). The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) subscale pain was used to measure pain intensity. The absolute KOOS subscale pain score 1-year post-TKA and the difference score (ΔKOOS = 1-year postoperative - preoperative) were used as primary outcome measures (output variables). Two multivariable linear regression analyses were performed. Two hundred and twenty-threeparticipants were included after multiple imputation. Worse absolute KOOS subscale pain scores 1-year post-TKA and negative or closer to zero ΔKOOS subscale pain scores were predicted by self-reported central sensitisation, lower KOA grade and preoperative satisfaction,and higher glycated haemoglobin, number of pain locationsand personal control (adjusted R2 = 0.25). Additional predictors of negative or closer to zero ΔKOOS subscale pain scores were being self-employed, higher preoperative pain and function (adjusted R2 = 0.37). This study reports different biopsychosocial predictors for both outcomes that have filtered out other potential predictors and providevalue for future studies on developing risk assessment tools for the prediction of chronic TKA pain. The protocol is registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT05380648) on 13 May 2022. Level II.

Machine learning based peri-surgical risk calculator for abdominal related emergency general surgery: a multicenter retrospective study.

Currently, there is a lack of ideal risk prediction tools in the field of emergency general surgery (EGS). The American Association for the Surgery of Trauma recommends developing risk assessment tools specifically for EGS-related diseases. In this study, we sought to utilize machine learning (ML) algorithms to explore and develop a web-based calculator for predicting five perioperative risk events of eight common operations in EGS. This study focused on patients with EGS and utilized electronic medical record systems to obtain data retrospectively from five centers in China. Five ML algorithms, including Random Forest (RF), Support Vector Machine, Naive Bayes, XGBoost, and Logistic Regression, were employed to construct predictive models for postoperative mortality, pneumonia, surgical site infection, thrombosis, and mechanical ventilation >48 h. The optimal models for each outcome event were determined based on metrics, including the value of the Area Under the Curve, F1 score, and sensitivity. A comparative analysis was conducted between the optimal models and Emergency Surgery Score (ESS), Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) score, and American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification. A web-based calculator was developed to determine corresponding risk probabilities. Based on 10,993 patients with EGS, we determined the optimal RF model. The RF model also exhibited strong predictive performance compared with the ESS, APACHE II score, and ASA classification. Using this optimal model, we developed an online calculator with a questionnaire-guided interactive interface, catering to both the preoperative and postoperative application scenarios. We successfully developed an ML-based calculator for predicting the risk of postoperative adverse events in patients with EGS. This calculator accurately predicted the occurrence risk of five outcome events, providing quantified risk probabilities for clinical diagnosis and treatment.

The reality of occupational harm incurred by Japanese home health care nurses, the hazardous situations they face, and protective measures: a cross-sectional study.

Objectives: To gain a comprehensive understanding of the occupational hazards encountered by home health care nurses in Japan and to elucidate the reality of harm they incur, the hazardous situations, and the protective measures taken Methods:A questionnaire survey of managers of home health care nursing agencies in Japan was conducted, and 355 valid responses were obtained. The survey questions concerned the occupational hazards experienced by home health care nursing staff. The occupational hazards were classified into 6 categories, and responses were obtained regarding harm, hazardous situations, and protective measures in each category Results: The types of harm that occurred at highest rates during the previous 3 years were emotional abuse by the patient or their family members, lower back pain resulting from improper posture while providing care, sexual harassment by the patients and their family members, automobile accidents while traveling to home care sites, and allergic reactions to the environment at home care sites. Some hazardous situations were caused by the unique environments of home care sites Conclusions: In order to prevent the occurrence of harm, the development of risk assessment tools, educational initiatives to increase awareness of occupational hazards, and consideration of the financial and technical support that will enable the use of assistive devices in the practice of nursing techniques were considered necessary. The development of effective guidelines and manuals specific to the occupational hazards encountered by home health care nurses is an important challenge

Premorbid intelligence quotient and school failure as risk markers for bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder

Mood disorders significantly impact global health, with MDD ranking as the second leading cause of disability in the United States and BD ranking 18th. Despite their prevalence and impact, the relationship between premorbid intelligence and the subsequent development of BD and MDD remains inconclusive.This study investigates the potential of premorbid Intelligence Quotient (IQ) and school failure frequency as risk factors for Bipolar Disorder (BD) and Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) in a birth cohort setting. We analyze data from the Pelotas population-based birth cohort study, comprising 3580 participants aged 22, who had no prior mood disorder diagnoses. Utilizing regression models and accounting for potential confounders, we assess the impact of IQ and school failure, measured at age 18, on the emergence of BD and MDD diagnoses at age 22, using individuals without mood disorders as comparators. Results reveal that lower IQ (below 70) at 18 is associated with an increased risk of BD (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR] 1.75, 95%CI: 1.00–3.09, p < 0.05), while higher IQ (above 120) is linked to MDD (AOR 2.16, 95%CI: 1.24–3.75, p < 0.001). Moreover, an elevated number of school failures is associated with increased BD risk (AOR 1.23, 95%CI: 1.11–1.41, p < 0.001), particularly for BD type 1 (AOR 1.36, 95% CI: 1.17–1.58, p < 0.001). These findings offer insights into the distinct premorbid intellectual characteristics of BD and MDD and contribute to a deeper understanding of their developmental trajectories, potentially informing the development of risk assessment tools for mood disorders.

Identifying older adults at increased risk of medication-related readmission to hospital within 30 days of discharge: development and validation of a risk assessment tool

ObjectiveDeveloping and validating a risk assessment tool aiming to identify older adults (≥65 years) at increased risk of possibly medication-related readmission to hospital within 30 days of discharge.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingThe...

Above the Ravines: Flood Vulnerability Assessment of Earthen Architectural Heritage in Quito (Ecuador)

Floods represent one of the most threatening risks for earthen architectural heritage. Developing risk assessment tools is considered crucial to mitigate the risk and to protect heritage buildings. Due to its hygroscopic nature, earthen architecture is generally considered to be vulnerable to water, requiring a specific analysis. This paper proposes a vulnerability assessment method for earthen buildings in flood-prone areas. Based on the evaluation of the susceptibility of the building’s components and characteristics, the method allows for quantifying the vulnerability of the assets, in non-monetary terms. An application of the methodology is carried out assessing a selection of earthen construction in Quito Historic Centre (Ecuador). The results show the influence of each component in the global vulnerability of the earthen buildings. The response of different construction techniques and the importance of the maintenance of heritage buildings is exposed. Vulnerability assessment methods at the meso-small scale constitute the foundation for risk assessment. Thus, this study aims to provide a significant assessment tool that can be used for further analysis and future lines of research, aiming to protect cultural heritage that is at risk.

Risk Factors of Infections Due to Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria in a Community Hospital in Rural Thailand.

Antimicrobial resistance is a major public health concern globally. The most serious antimicrobial resistance problem among pathogenic bacteria is multidrug resistance (MDR). The objectives of this study were to investigate the risk factors of MDR infections and to develop a risk assessment tool for MDR Gram-negative bacteria (MDR-GNB) infections at a community hospital in rural Thailand. The study revealed 30.77% MDR-GNB among GNB strains. The most common MDR-GNB strains were 63.02% for Escherichia coli and 11.46% for Klebsiella pneumoniae. A case-control study was applied to collect clinical data between January 2016 and December 2020. Univariate logistic regression and multivariate logistic regression were used to analyze the risk factors for MDR-GNB and a risk assessment score for each factor was determined based on its regression coefficient. The risk factors for MDR-GNB infections were as follows: the presence of Enterobacteriaceae that produce extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) (ORAdj. 23.53, 95% CI 7.00-79.09), infections occurring within the urinary tract (ORAdj. 2.25, 95% CI 1.44-3.53), and patients with a history of steroid usage (ORAdj. 1.91, 95% CI 1.15-3.19). Based on the assigned risk scores for each associated factor, the newly developed risk assessment tool for MDR-GNB infections achieved 64.54% prediction accuracy (AUC-ROC 0.65, 95% CI 0.61-0.68), demonstrating that the tool could be used to assess bacterial infection cases in community hospitals. Its use should provide practical guidance on MDR evaluation and prevention. This study was part of an antibiotic stewardship program; the study surveyed antibiotic-resistant situations in a hospital and implemented an effective risk assessment tool using key risk factors of MDR-GNB infections.

Machine Learning Algorithm to Predict Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease: Insights from the CorLipid Trial.

Developing risk assessment tools for CAD prediction remains challenging nowadays. We developed an ML predictive algorithm based on metabolic and clinical data for determining the severity of CAD, as assessed via the SYNTAX score. Analytical methods were developed to determine serum blood levels of specific ceramides, acyl-carnitines, fatty acids, and proteins such as galectin-3, adiponectin, and APOB/APOA1 ratio. Patients were grouped into: obstructive CAD (SS > 0) and non-obstructive CAD (SS = 0). A risk prediction algorithm (boosted ensemble algorithm XGBoost) was developed by combining clinical characteristics with established and novel biomarkers to identify patients at high risk for complex CAD. The study population comprised 958 patients (CorLipid trial (NCT04580173)), with no prior CAD, who underwent coronary angiography. Of them, 533 (55.6%) suffered ACS, 170 (17.7%) presented with NSTEMI, 222 (23.2%) with STEMI, and 141 (14.7%) with unstable angina. Of the total sample, 681 (71%) had obstructive CAD. The algorithm dataset was 73 biochemical parameters and metabolic biomarkers as well as anthropometric and medical history variables. The performance of the XGBoost algorithm had an AUC value of 0.725 (95% CI: 0.691–0.759). Thus, a ML model incorporating clinical features in addition to certain metabolic features can estimate the pre-test likelihood of obstructive CAD.

Proteomic Analysis of Prostate Cancer FFPE Samples Reveals Markers of Disease Progression and Aggressiveness.

Simple SummaryProstate cancer (PCa) is the second most frequently diagnosed type of cancer in men. The lack of tools for accurate risk assessment is causing over-treatment of men with indolent PCa but also delayed detection of metastatic disease and thus high mortality. The aim of our study was to identify proteins related to the progression and aggressiveness of PCa that could serve as potential biomarkers for better risk stratification. To this end, we performed proteomic analysis of Formalin Fixed Paraffin Embedded (FFPE) prostate tissue specimens (n = 86) and compared them based on grade groups and biochemical recurrence status. Based on the valuable data generated by these comparisons, we have selected seven proteins (NMP1, UQCRH, HSPA9, MRPL3, VCAN, SERBP1, HSPE1) as common denominators of PCa aggressiveness and persistence that could potentially be used for the development of risk assessment tools. Notably, our observations are largely validated by transcriptomics data and literature.Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most common cancer in men. Diagnosis and risk assessment are widely based on serum Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) and biopsy, which might not represent the exact degree of PCa risk. Towards the discovery of biomarkers for better patient stratification, we performed proteomic analysis of Formalin Fixed Paraffin Embedded (FFPE) prostate tissue specimens using liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Comparative analysis of 86 PCa samples among grade groups 1–5 identified 301 significantly altered proteins. Additional analysis based on biochemical recurrence (BCR; BCR+ n = 14, BCR- n = 51) revealed 197 significantly altered proteins that indicate disease persistence. Filtering the overlapping proteins of these analyses, seven proteins (NPM1, UQCRH, HSPA9, MRPL3, VCAN, SERBP1, HSPE1) had increased expression in advanced grades and in BCR+/BCR- and may play a critical role in PCa aggressiveness. Notably, all seven proteins were significantly associated with progression in Prostate Cancer Transcriptome Atles (PCTA) and NPM1NPM1, UQCRH, and VCAN were further validated in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), where they were upregulated in BCR+/BCR-. UQCRH levels were also associated with poorer 5-year survival. Our study provides valuable insights into the key regulators of PCa progression and aggressiveness. The seven selected proteins could be used for the development of risk assessment tools.

Evaluation of existing guidelines for their adequacy for the food and feed risk assessment of microorganisms obtained through synthetic biology.

EFSA was asked by the European Commission to evaluate synthetic biology (SynBio) developments for agri‐food use in the near future and to determine whether or not they are expected to constitute potential new hazards/risks. Moreover, EFSA was requested to evaluate the adequacy of existing guidelines for risk assessment of SynBio and if updated guidance is needed. The scope of this Opinion covers food and feed risk assessment, the variety of microorganisms that can be used in the food/feed chain and the whole spectrum of techniques used in SynBio. This Opinion complements a previously adopted Opinion with the evaluation of existing guidelines for the microbial characterisation and environmental risk assessment of microorganisms obtained through SynBio. The present Opinion confirms that microbial SynBio applications for food and feed use, with the exception of xenobionts, could be ready in the European Union in the next decade. New hazards were identified related to the use or production of unusual and/or new‐to‐nature components. Fifteen cases were selected for evaluating the adequacy of existing guidelines. These were generally adequate for assessing the product, the production process, nutritional and toxicological safety, allergenicity, exposure and post‐market monitoring. The comparative approach and a safety assessment per se could be applied depending on the degree of familiarity of the SynBio organism/product with the non‐genetically modified counterparts. Updated guidance is recommended for: (i) bacteriophages, protists/microalgae, (ii) exposure to plant protection products and biostimulants, (iii) xenobionts and (iv) feed additives for insects as target species. Development of risk assessment tools is recommended for assessing nutritional value of biomasses, influence of microorganisms on the gut microbiome and the gut function, allergenic potential of new‐to‐nature proteins, impact of horizontal gene transfer and potential risks of living cell intake. A further development towards a strain‐driven risk assessment approach is recommended.

Post-separation abuse: A concept analysis.

To report an analysis of the concept of post-separation abuse and its impact on the health of children and adult survivors. Concept analysis. A literature search was conducted via PubMed, Cochrane and Embase and identified articles published from 1987 to 2021. Walker and Avant's (2019) eight stage methodology was used for this concept analysis, including identifying the concept, determining the purpose of analysis, identifying uses of the concept, defining attributes, identifying a model case and contrary case, antecedents and consequences and defining empirical referents. Post-separation abuse can be defined as the ongoing, willful pattern of intimidation of a former intimate partner including legal abuse, economic abuse, threats and endangerment to children, isolation and discrediting and harassment and stalking. An analysis of literature identified essential attributes including fear and intimidation; domination, power and control; intrusion and entrapment; omnipresence; and manipulation of systems. Antecedents to post-separation abuse include patriarchal norms, physical separation, children, spatiality and availability, pre-separation IPV and coercive control and perpetrator characteristics. Consequences include lethality, adverse health consequences, institutional violence and betrayal, such as loss of child custody and economic deprivation. This concept analysis provides a significant contribution to the literature because it advances the science for understanding the phenomenon of post-separation abuse. It will aid in developing risk assessment tools and interventions to improve standards of care for adult and children survivors following separation from an abusive partner. This concept analysis of post-separation abuse provides a comprehensive insight into the phenomenon and a theoretical foundation to inform instrument development, future research and intervention. Post-separation abuse is a complex, multi-faceted phenomenon that requires differential social, legal and healthcare systems responses to support the health and well-being of survivors and their children.

Development of Risk Assessment Tools for Enterprises

Th e purpose of this article is to develop tools for assessing the risks of enterprises, used both to assess the current activities of enterprises and during the implementation of investment proj-ects. It is supposed to be used both as the main risk assessment tool, for example, for small and medium-sized enterprises, and as an additional tool, mainly for large enterprises, for making a preliminary decision on the feasibility of the project. Th e developed tools include a comprehen-sive risk assessment system, which provides a fundamental basis for calculations, and a soft ware product that signifi cantly optimizes the calculations of a complex integral risk indicator. Th e risk assessment system represents individual risks, grouped by 51 risk groups. Making calculations using the developed risk assessment tools involves assigning to each risk the characteristics of assessing the level of infl uence by selecting the characteristic most appropriate to the current level of risk. A standard version of indicators is proposed for each risk and characteristics cor-responding to "high", "elevated", "medium", "moderate" and "low" risk levels. Based on the results of the analysis, a complex integral risk indicator is formed, which is a quantitative risk assessment, which allows you to classify an enterprise into one of three groups: "eff ective enterprise / project", "enterprise / project requiring improvements", "ineffi cient enterprise". To optimize the calcula-tions, the authors have developed a soft ware product that allows for analysis with a signifi cant reduction in the time spent on its implementation. In general, the use of the developed risk as-sessment system and tools makes it possible to signifi cantly optimize the risk assessment process and reduce the costs of analisys.

Risk Factors of Fluoropyrimidine Induced Cardiotoxicity among Cancer Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Cancer patients experienced an increased risk of cardiotoxicity during fluoropyrimidine-based chemotherapy (5-fluorouracil or capecitabine). We searched PubMed, PsycINFO, IPA, CINAHL, Web of Science, and ClinicalTrials.gov for studies published between January 1, 1990 and December 31, 2019, in English, examining risk factors for cardiotoxicity induced by fluoropyrimidine. Included study-level data were converted to risk ratios (RRs) and pooled RRs were calculated for meta-analyses using a random-effects method. Among 690 publications identified for abstract and title screening, 22 unique studies were included in the review, and 20 had sufficient data for meta-analyses. Results indicated that patients undergoing capecitabine-based combination therapy had a higher risk than those with monotherapy (pooled RR = 1.61). Patients with pre-existing cardiac disease (pooled RR = 3.26), hypertension (pooled RR = 1.52) or smoking (pooled RR = 2.22) also had higher risks than their counterparts. Developing risk assessment tools to mitigate the risk could be a viable strategy to improve outcomes for cancer patients undergoing fluoropyrimidine-based treatments.

Development of risk assessment tool using damaging energy and argumentation theory for evaluating construction occupational safety and health risks

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to describe the development of a risk assessment model to assess the occupational safety and health (OSH) risks presented by different construction approaches, namely traditional and industrialised building system (IBS). The development process applies the concept of argumentation theory, which helps construction designers integrate the management of OSH risk into the design process. In addition, an energy damage model is used as an underpinning framework for developing the model.Design/methodology/approachDevelopment of the model was achieved through two phases. Phase I involved collection of data on the activities involved in the construction process and their associated OSH risks, derived from five different case studies, field observation and interviews. Knowledge of design aspects that have the potential to impact on OSH was obtained from document analysis. Using the knowledge obtained in phase I, a model was developed in the form of argument trees (Phase II), which represent a reasoning template with regard to options available to designers when they make judgements about aspects of their designs. Inferences from these aspects eventually determined the magnitude of the damaging energies for every activity involved. Finally, the model was validated by panels of experts, and revisions and amendments were made to the model accordingly.FindingsThe risk assessment model development revealed that the concept of argumentation theory and energy damage model is suitable to represent design safety risk knowledge and effectively address the designer's role in making decisions in their designs and further illuminate the level of OSH risk their designs pose.Practical implicationsThe developed model provides best-practice reasoning support for construction designers, which help them to understand the impact of their designs decisions on worker's safety and health, and thereby assist them to further mitigate the risk to an acceptable level.Originality/valueThis study departs from the existing tool in that the model was developed based upon the combination of argumentation theory and energy damage model. The significance of the model is discussed.

Perspectives on Global Mycotoxin Issues and Management From the MycoKey Maize Working Group

During the last decade, there have been many advances in research and technology that have greatly contributed to expanded capabilities and knowledge in detection and measurement, characterization, biosynthesis, and management of mycotoxins in maize. MycoKey, an EU-funded Horizon 2020 project, was established to advance knowledge and technology transfer around the globe to address mycotoxin impacts in key food and feed chains. MycoKey included several working groups comprising international experts in different fields of mycotoxicology. The MycoKey Maize Working Group recently convened to gather information and strategize for the development and implementation of solutions to the maize mycotoxin problem in light of current and emerging technologies. This feature summarizes the Maize WG discussion and recommendations for addressing mycotoxin problems in maize. Discussions focused on aflatoxins, deoxynivalenol, fumonisins, and zearalenone, which are the most widespread and persistently important mycotoxins in maize. Although regional differences were recognized, there was consensus about many of the priorities for research and effective management strategies. For preharvest management, genetic resistance and selecting adapted maize genotypes, along with insect management, were among the most fruitful strategies identified across the mycotoxin groups. For postharvest management, the most important practices included timely harvest, rapid grain drying, grain cleaning, and carefully managed storage conditions. Remediation practices such as optical sorting, density separation, milling, and chemical detoxification were also suggested. Future research and communication priorities included advanced breeding technologies, development of risk assessment tools, and the development and dissemination of regionally relevant management guidelines.

Risk Factors for Central Venous Access Device-Related Thrombosis in Hospitalized Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

To identify the potential associations of patient-, treatment-, and central venous access device (CVAD)-related factors with the CVAD-related thrombosis (CRT) risk in hospitalized children. A systematic search of PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, and VIP database was conducted. RevMan 5.3 and Stata 12.0 statistical software were employed for data analysis. In terms of patient-related factors, the patient history of thrombosis (odds ratio [OR] = 3.88, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.57-5.85), gastrointestinal/liver disease (OR = 1.85, 95% CI: 0.99-3.46), hematologic disease (OR = 1.45, 95% CI: 1.06-1.99), and cancer (OR = 1.58, 95% CI: 1.01-2.48) were correlated with an increased risk of CRT. In terms of treatment-related factors, parenteral nutrition (PN)/total PN (OR = 1.70, 95% CI: 1.21-2.39), hemodialysis (OR = 2.17, 95% CI: 1.34-3.51), extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (OR = 1.51, 95% CI: 1.31-1.71), and cardiac catheterization (OR = 3.92, 95% CI: 1.06-14.44) were associated with an increased CRT risk, while antibiotics (OR = 0.46, 95% CI: 0.32-0.68) was associated with a reduced CRT risk. In terms of the CVAD-related factors, CRT risk was more significantly increased by peripherally inserted central catheter than tunneled lines (OR = 1.81, 95% CI: 1.15-2.85) or totally implantable venous access port (OR = 2.81, 95% CI: 1.41-5.60). And subclavian vein catheterization significantly contributed to a lower CRT risk than femoral vein catheterization (OR = 0.36, 95% CI: 0.14-0.88). Besides, multiple catheter lines (OR = 4.06, 95% CI: 3.01-5.47), multiple catheter lumens (OR = 3.71, 95% CI: 1.99-6.92), central line-associated bloodstream infection (OR = 2.66, 95% CI: 1.15-6.16), and catheter malfunction (OR = 1.65, 95% CI: 1.07-2.54) were associated with an increased CRT risk. The exact identification of the effect of risk factors can boost the development of risk assessment tools with stratifying risks.

A systematic review of risk assessment tools for contaminated sites – Current perspectives and future prospects

Health and safety hazards associated with the redevelopment of contaminated sites can be complex and pose considerable risks. A systematic literature review was conducted on risk assessment tools for contaminated sites. These tools have been identified from searching through leading academic databases and other professional sources. For each of the identified tools the relevant risk assessment stages, harm type, hazard category, receptor type and pathways are reported. Findings reveal that despite growing interest in the development of risk assessment tools, there are persistent knowledge gaps identified in this study, which serve as a basis for future research direction to where more advanced practical tools could be invented. For instance, it is evidenced there is a shortfall in practical tools available to contaminated site assessors conducting investigations at the preliminary risk assessment stage. Addressing this opening can benefit the planning process, coordinated between relevant stakeholders and, moreover, reduce uncertainty in the decision-making of contaminated site developers.

가정폭력 보호관찰 대상자 재범위험성 평가도구 개발 및 타당화 연구

가정폭력 보호관찰 대상자의 재범을 예측하여 재범위험성 분류 등급의 근거로 제 시할 수 있는 평가도구인 RADOV(Risk Assessment for Domestic Violence)를 개발 하였다. 구체적으로 전국 14개 지역의 보호관찰소에서 보호관찰 처분을 받은 가정폭 력 사범 383명의 특징과 위험요소를 바탕으로 문항들을 추출하여 척도를 개발한 후, 다른 유사 위험성 평가도구와의 비교 분석을 통해 공존 및 구성 타당도 그리고 효용 성을 위한 절단점을 알아보았다. 연구결과, 추출된 문항들의 재범 적중률은 77.7%로 나타났으며 본 가정폭력사건, 반사회성, 가정폭력 과거력, 심리사회적 불안정성 총 4 개의 하위 요인이 확인되었다. ROC 곡선을 통해 알아본 결과, AUC는 .70으로 재범 집단과 비재범집단을 유의미하게 변별해 주는 것으로 나타났다. 척도의 절단점은 11 점 이상일 때 민감도와 특이도의 합이 최대가 되었다. 마지막으로 연구의 의의와 제 한점을 제시하였다.

Development of food safety risk assessment tools based on molecular typing and WGS of Campylobacterjejuni genome.

The ‘learning‐by‐doing’ EU‐FORA fellowship programme in the development of risk assessment tools based on molecular typing and WGS of Campylobacter jejuni genome was structured into two main activities: the primary one focused on training on risk assessment methodology and the secondary one in starting and enhancing the cooperation between the hosting and home organisations, or other joint activities. The primary activities had three subsequent work packages (WPs): WP1 data organisation, WP2 cluster and association analyses, and WP3 development of risk assessment models. The secondary activities have branched into one workshop and the initiation of a cooperation programme between the hosting and home organisations. In the last quarter, the fellow had contributed to the characterisation of some pathogens in possible response to a changing climate, part of the CLEFSA project. The fellow attended various forms of training: online and on‐site courses, and also participated at several conferences and meetings for improving his knowledge and skills, contributing to performing the Campylobacter risk assessment and source attribution.

Decision Making by Health and Social Care Professionals to Protect an Unborn Baby: Systematic Narrative Review

ABSTRACT Protecting an unborn baby from abuse and neglect presents particular challenges for professionals due to the uncertainties about appraising future harm and functioning of family relationships. This systematic narrative review synthesises studies of professional decision making by health and social care professionals regarding child protection of an unborn baby. Five bibliographic databases (ASSIA, CINAHL Plus, Ovid MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Social Care Online) were searched using an explicit and robust search; papers identified as relevant were appraised for quality and combined using a narrative synthesis based on the main themes in the papers. Ten papers met the inclusion criteria, including qualitative studies, surveys and randomised trials of the effectiveness of decision support tools. The papers identified the following case risk factors relating to risks to an unborn baby: alcohol abuse; ante-natal care; previous children in care; domestic violence; drug abuse; lack of education; employment issues; unrealistic expectations of the baby; housing issues; learning disability; feelings about pregnancy; low socio-economic status; mental illness; mother’s childhood experiences; lack of parenting capacity; physical disability. There were several papers on developing risk assessment tools. A few papers focused on risk assessment and decision processes including engagement with pregnant women. There was some discussion of psychosocial supports for risks in pregnancy. There is useful published material on the range of risk factors, and more limited material on the development of assessment tools and on decision processes. The psychosocial supports that might be provided to the pregnant woman as decision options is an area for future research.