Development Of Research Program Research Articles

The Mexican Native Primates from the Comparative Psychology Point of View: State of the Art and Perspectives

Primates have been studied extensively to understand their behavior and the mechanisms that allow information processing. However, when we closely analyze the species studied and the different projects and topics carried out with them, we found that some species have been highly studied, while others have only a few studies. These differences create a significant underrepresentation of some primate species that could be especially problematic when we use the available information to track the evolution and the diversification of behavior and the mechanisms for information processing. With this in mind, this review aims to show the state-of-the-art of different topics studied in Mexican primates and identify topics that could be studied in the future. The review also aims to demonstrate why working with native species is a path that many low- and middle-income countries like Mexico can follow to develop research programs in their homelands.

Application of Inspection Programs for Risk Assessment by Factory Control Laws

Presently, there is still a high risk of non-compliance with the law in many factories, including cases where factories have risk control measures and have high accident statistics or complaints that come from impacts on communities and the environment at a high rate. The study aims to design and develop a factory inspection program and apply it to analyze and assess compliance risks with factory control laws. Data was collected from 50 factories to collect the risk assessment for compliance with the laws. The program's components consist of inspection to ensure compliance with factory control laws and risk assessment. The study found that the inspection processes and risk assessment compliance with the laws can be improved by using the Lean Work Improvement Principle with the Eliminate, Combine, Rearrange, and Simplify (ECRS) technique, resulting in increased efficiency at an average of 50% and for the conformity verification process by the factory control laws. Applying the factory inspection program according to the factory control laws reduced the audit time by an average of 9.17 hours (Productivity Up to 79%) from using the sample groups. This study has demonstrated the potential and benefits of using a risk assessment program in in-depth analysis for factory control. It can be used as an essential reference for future program development research. The satisfaction assessment results of the sample groups were very high. Besides, experts' comments strongly agreed to implement an inspection program after their usage, instilling confidence in its validity.

Evaluation of the GenoType NTM-DR line probe assay for nontuberculous mycobacteria using whole genome sequences as reference standard

Pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) disease is an emerging public health challenge that is especially problematic in people with cystic fibrosis (CF). Effective treatment depends on accurate species and subspecies identification and antimicrobial susceptibility status. We evaluated the GenoType NTM-DR VER 1.0 assay using biobanked NTM isolates with whole genome sequence (WGS) data and control isolates (total n=285). Species and subspecies detection sensitivity and specificity were 100 % for all species and subspecies except for two subspecies of M. intracellulare, that demonstrated a small degree of discrepant identification between M. intracellulare subspecies intracellulare and subspecies chimaera. All antimicrobial resistance markers were identified with 100 % sensitivity and specificity.We conclude that the GenoType NTM-DR assay offers a rapid and accurate option for identifying the most frequently encountered pathogenic NTM taxa and drug resistance markers.SUPPORT: Colorado CF Research Development Program and Colorado CF National Resource Centers funded by the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation, NJH Advanced Diagnostics Laboratories, Colorado Advanced Industries Accelerator Grant

First person profile: Heather A. Wakelee, MD: For more than 20 years, she has served in multiple functions, including developing research programs in lung cancer and thymoma that include clinical trials and population science approaches.

First person profile: Heather A. Wakelee, MD: For more than 20 years, she has served in multiple functions, including developing research programs in lung cancer and thymoma that include clinical trials and population science approaches.

Person-environment fit theory in built environment: a scoping review

ABSTRACT Person-Environment Fit (P-E Fit) theory is an important concept for studying the complex relationships between people and the environment and for explaining individual behaviors. Recent research regarding the built environment typically focuses on P-E Fit to achieve a harmonious relationship between people and their surroundings. However, comprehensive knowledge of this research topic is insufficient for practical applications and future developments. This paper adopts a scoping review method to summarize the bibliometric features and the core components (i.e. person, environment, fit, and outcomes) regarding P-E Fit theory in the context of built environments, and discusses several existing knowledge gaps: the narrow scope of the topics, the unclear mechanism, and the lack of proactive and dynamic views. Finally, a new P-E Fit model is developed, and its strengths for sustainable improvement of the built environment are discussed. This review deepens the understanding of the literature, refines the theoretical framework, and provides researchers, designers, and policymakers with tools for developing research programs and practices for providing people-centered built environments from a P-E Fit perspective.

Exploring global research trends in Chinese medicine for atherosclerosis: a bibliometric study 2012-2023.

While Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) boasts an extensive historical lineage and abundant clinical expertise in addressing atherosclerosis, this field is yet to be penetrated adequately by bibliometric studies. This study is envisaged to evaluate the contemporary scenario of TCM in conjunction with atherosclerosis over the preceding decade while also identifying forthcoming research trends and emerging topics via the lens of bibliometric analysis. Literature pertaining to TCM and atherosclerosis, circulated between January 1, 2012 and November 14, 2023, was garnered for the purpose of this research. The examination embraced annual publications, primary countries/regions, engaged institutions and authors, scholarly journals, references, and keywords, utilizing analytical tools like Bibliometrix, CiteSpace, ScimagoGraphica, and VOSviewer present in the R package. This field boasts a total of 1,623 scholarly articles, the majority of which have been contributed by China in this field, with significant contributions stemming from the China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine and the Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Moreover, this field has received financial support from both the National Natural Science Foundation of China and the National Key Basic Research Development Program. Wang Yong tops the list in terms of publication count, while Xu Hao's articles take the lead for the total number of citations, positioning them at the core of the authors' collaborative network. The Journal of Ethnopharmacology leads with the most publications and boasts the greatest total number of citations. Principal research foci within the intersection of Chinese Medicine and Atherosclerosis encompass disease characteristics and pathogenic mechanisms, theoretical underpinnings and syndrome-specific treatments in Chinese medicine, potentialities of herbal interventions, and modulation exerted by Chinese medicines on gut microbiota. This analysis offers a sweeping survey of the contemporary condition, principal foci, and progressive trends in worldwide research related to Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and atherosclerosis. It further delves into an in-depth dissection of prominent countries, research institutions, and scholars that have made noteworthy strides in this discipline. Additionally, the report analyzes the most cited articles, research developments, and hotspots in the field, providing a reference for future research directions for clinical researchers and practitioners.

The In Vitro Effect of Kynurenine Metabolites on Cell morphology, Cell cycle progression and the Induction of Apoptosis in Tumour Endothelioma Cells

Background: Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. The development of anticancer therapies plays a crucial role in mitigating tumour progression and metastasis. Kynurenine metabolites which include L-kynurenine, 3-hydroxykynurenine, 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid and quinolinic acid have been shown to inhibit T-cell proliferation resulting in a decrease in cell growth of natural killer (NK) cells and T cells. Research showed that L-kynurenine inhibits proliferation of melanoma cells in vitro. Methods: The present study aimed to explore the in vitro influence of L-kynurenine, quinolinic acid and kynurenic acid on endothelioma sEnd-2 cells at concentration ranges of 1 mM – 4 mM for 24 h, 48 h and 72 h on cell morphology, cell cycle progression and induction of apoptosis. Results and Discussion: The half inhibitory concentration (IC50), as determined using GraphPad Prism, for L-kynurenine, quinolinic acid and kynurenic acid was 10.77 mM, 14.78 mM and 535.40 mM respectively. Optical transmitted light differential interference contrast and hematoxylin and eosin staining revealed the presence of cells blocked in metaphase, formation of apoptotic bodies and compromised cell density in L-kynurenine- and quinolinic acid- treated cells. A statistically significant increase in the number of cells present in the sub-G1 phase was observed in L-kynurenine-treated samples. Conclusion: It can be concluded that L-kynurenine exerts an antiproliferative effect on the sEnd-2 cell line by a decrease in cell growth and proliferation and metaphase block. These hallmarks suggest cell death via apoptosis. Further research will be conducted on L-kynurenine to assess the effect on cell adhesion in vitro and in vivo. This research was supported by the following grants: The Research Development Programme at the University of Pretoria awarded to Dr YN Hlophe; National Research Foundation awarded to Dr YN Hlophe (A1F4685 & N1F580); The University Capacity Development Programme (UCDP) awarded to Ms Tatchum (A1D783 & N1F120). This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2024 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.

Apical pH regulates calcium-activated chloride secretion across human airway epithelia

Anion secretion across airway epithelia contributes to host defense by increasing airway surface liquid (ASL) volume and pH. Anion channels in the apical membrane of airway epithelia include Ca2+-activated Cl− channels (CaCCs) and cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) channels. Mutations in the CFTR gene that encode nonfunctional CFTR channels cause cystic fibrosis (CF); thus, activating CaCCs may restore anion secretion in people with CF. ATP secreted into the ASL activates purinergic receptors, leading to an increase in intracellular Ca2+ (Cai2+) and the opening of CaCCs. Data from docking simulations suggest that the protonation state of ATP influences its affnity for purinergic receptors, therefore we tested the hypothesis that ASL pH influences the effcacy of ATP to activate CaCCs in airway epithelia. In saline solutions buffered with 5 mM ATP, titration experiments revealed a pKa of ~6.9 at 37°C. Thus, ATP exists in its protonated ATP3− and deprotonated ATP4− in ASL that can range from pH 6 to pH 7.5. To determine the effect of pH on ATP-stimulated Cl− secretion through CaCCs, we measured Cl− secretion across CF epithelia generated by several ATP concentrations with apical pH-6.00, -6.70, and -7.40 solutions. As pH became alkaline, the EC50 for the relationship between [ATP] and Cl− secretion decreased. Using the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation and the pKa for ATP, we determined the relationship between ATP4− and Cl− secretion. This analysis revealed that regardless of apical pH values, the relationship between [ATP4−] and Cl− secretion aligned to a single experimental fit. These data suggest that pH regulates the CaCC response by deprotonating ATP. To examine the pH dependence of purinergic receptor activation, we measured ATP-induced Cai2+ responses in acutely dissociated human airway epithelial cells loaded with FURA-2 and perfused with pH-7.40 or -6.50 solutions. Separate experiments measuring intracellular pH in pH-7.40 or 6.50 solutions informed Kd values for FURA-2 experiments. With an [ATP] that induces similar levels of Cl− secretion from pH 6.00 to pH 7.40 (100 μM ATP), we observed similar Cai2+ responses for pH-7.40 and -6.50 solutions. However, when we repeated the experiment with an [ATP] that induces pH-sensitive Cl− secretion (10 μM ATP), we observed larger Ca2+ responses with pH-7.40 solutions than with pH-6.50 solutions. These data indicate that pH influences purinergic receptor activation near the pKa of ATP, a finding consistent with ATP4− activating purinergic receptors. These data have implications in CF and airway inflammation. In CF, decreased CFTR-mediated HCO−3 secretion acidifies the ASL, thus a large portion of ATP will exist in the protonated ATP3− species requiring a higher total [ATP] to open CaCCs. Inflammatory cytokines that cause airway inflammation increase the ASL pH, therefore a larger portion of ATP will exist in the deprotonated ATP4− species requiring less total [ATP] to open CaCCs. Cystic Fibrosis Foundation Research Development Program. This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2024 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.

Comfort in active learning spaces – students’ perceptions and preferences

ABSTRACT Evidence suggests that Active Learning (AL) and Active Learning Spaces (ALSs) have the potential to improve student learning outcomes. In this study, the student experiences of AL and ALSs in four classes in mathematics and statistics at a Norwegian university are examined through classroom observations, surveys, and interviews. The student interviews are analysed using constant comparative method, which resulted in one main category and three sub-categories presenting what the students perceived to be significant factors that impacted their learning experiences in the ALSs and how these factors affected their motivation to engage with the subject. The main category is called Engagement and Comfort, and the three sub-categories are called Students’ Varying Preferences, Student-student Communication, and Teachers’ Communication. Students’ motivation was looked at through an Approach-Avoidance Theory lens. Crucial to the student experiences was that some students felt deeply uncomfortable in the ALSs, which prevented them from engaging and benefitting from the ALSs. This research highlights how students’ comfort in the ALSs is essential to ensure their engagement and suggests many aspects that can support students’ comfort. Future research and professional development programmes built upon the reflections here can be used to support improved educational quality.

Research Productivity of Faculty Members in Selected Private Colleges in the Province of Albay: Basis for Enhancing Research Culture

The study aimed to assess the research productivity of the faculty members in five private colleges in the province of Albay. This study used a multi-method approach in determining the research productivity, factors affecting the research productivity of respondents, and significant agreement on the factors affecting the research productivity of respondents among the private colleges in the province of Albay. A survey questionnaire, document analysis, statistical analysis, and literature review were incorporated. The study found varying levels of research productivity across the institutions. Researchership, institutional support, motivation, leadership practices, and research orientation all notably impact research productivity. The top areas influencing research productivity are time management, research-related development opportunities, and alignment of research agenda with institutional strengths. There is a statistically significant agreement on the factors affecting the research productivity of the respondents. Specific areas for interventions could aim to strengthen leadership practices that provide professional development opportunities, effective time management, research funding, faculty research writing aptitude, and a clear research agenda. A Research Development Program was designed based on the findings of the study. The components of this program are mentorship pairs and collaboration, internal research funding, seminar series, research facilities and resources, and research excellence recognition.

국내 체육계 진로상담 연구 동향 분석

Objectives The purpose of this study is to analyze the existing studies related to career counseling in the Korean sports discipline and tried to understand the current situation.
 Methods For this purpose, 17 articles related to career counseling in the domestic sports discipline published in registration sites and candidate registration sites by April 2023 were analyzed by dividing them into four criteria: number of articles by period, research subjects, theme, and methods. In addition, the contents of the program structure developed in each program development research were analyzed.
 Results The main results were as follows. First, it was confirmed that the number of related studies has increased since 2016. Second, the classification of subjects by school grade revealed that the most significant number of studies targeted adults, while sort of athletes revealed that the most significant number of studies targeted non-athletes such as physical education teachers and career counselors. Third, as a result of dividing research themes into three categories: ‘career education and career counseling’, ‘career counseling program development’, and ‘career change’, it was confirmed that the number of studies increased continuously over time. Fourth, Qualitative researches were the most frequently analyzed results by methods. Fifth, an analysis of the contents of the program structure developed in each program development research showed that all programs included self-understanding and exploration of careers, and most of the program subjects were retired athletes.
 Conclusions Based on the results of this study, it was found that research related to careers in the domestic sports world is still insufficient in quantity, but it is increasing. It is expected that there will be more related studies in the future, and it is necessary to expand the research subjects and methods, such as research focusing on athletes in high school and active athletes, when career education is the most appropriate period.

Philosophy-Infused Culture-Based Learning Models In Mathematics Education

The aim of this research is to explore and leverage the synergistic relationship between the philosophy of mathematics education and culture-based learning models. It seeks to investigate how philosophical perspectives can inform and enrich the development and implementation of culture-based learning models in mathematics education. Additionally, it aims to examine how integrating philosophical underpinnings can deepen students' comprehension of mathematical concepts within diverse cultural frameworks. Reading the entire paper is essential for anyone interested in advancing the field of mathematics education with a focus on cultural integration. This research explores the intricate relationship between the philosophy of mathematics education and culture-based learning models, offering valuable insights into how philosophical perspectives can enrich teaching practices within diverse cultural contexts. Moreover, it outlines crucial future research agendas, emphasizing the need for cross-cultural studies to identify universal and context-specific approaches, as well as the importance of equipping mathematics educators with the necessary skills through professional development programs. Overall, the paper provides a comprehensive roadmap for educators, researchers, and policymakers to promote inclusive and culturally relevant mathematics education, making it a must-read for those dedicated to enhancing educational practices in a diverse world. In conclusion, the integration of cultural elements in mathematics education is a dynamic field with promising future agendas. Cross-cultural research and teacher professional development programs are essential components for advancing the inclusivity and effectiveness of mathematics education in diverse contexts. By addressing these agendas, we can foster a more equitable and culturally responsive approach to teaching and learning mathematics.

Centering PrEP: Utilizing ADAPT-ITT to inform group PrEP care for sex workers in Chicago

BackgroundSex workers, those who trade sex for monetary or nonmonetary items, experience high rates of HIV transmission but have not been adequately included in HIV prevention and Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) adherence program development research. Community-empowered (C.E.) approaches have been the most successful at reducing HIV transmission among sex workers. Centering Healthcare (Centering) is a C.E. model proven to improve health outcomes and reduce health disparities in other populations, such as pregnant women, people with diabetes, and sickle cell disease. However, no research exists to determine if Centering can be adapted to meet the unique HIV prevention needs of sex workers.ObjectiveWe aim to explain the process by which we collaboratively and iteratively adapted Centering to meet the HIV prevention and PrEP retention needs of sex workers.MethodsWe utilized the Assessment, Decision, Adaptation, Production, Topical Experts, Integration, Training, Testing (ADAPT-ITT) framework, a model for adapting evidence-based interventions. We applied phases one through six of the ADAPT-ITT framework (Assessment, Decision, Adaptation, Production, Topical Experts, Integration) to the design to address the distinct HIV prevention needs of sex workers in Chicago. Study outcomes corresponded to each phase of the ADAPT-ITT framework. Data used for adaptation emerged from collaborative stakeholder meetings, individual interviews (n = 36) and focus groups (n = 8) with current and former sex workers, and individual interviews with care providers (n = 8). In collaboration with our community advisory board, we used a collaborative and iterative analytical process to co-produce a culturally adapted 3-session facilitator's guide for the Centering Pre-exposure Prophylaxis (C-PrEP +) group healthcare model.ResultsThe ADAPT-ITT framework offered structure and facilitated this community-empowered innovative adaptation of Centering Healthcare. This process culminated with a facilitator's guide and associated materials ready for pilot testing.ConclusionsIn direct alignment with community empowerment, we followed the ADAPT-ITT framework, phases 1–6, to iteratively adapt Centering Healthcare to suit the stated HIV Prevention and PrEP care needs of sex workers in Chicago. The study represents the first time Centering has been adapted to suit the HIV prevention and PrEP care needs of sex workers. Addressing a gap in HIV prevention care for sex workers, Centering PrEP harnesses the power of community as it is an iteratively adapted model that can be piloted and replicated regionally, nationally, and internationally.

JAK2 Loss Arising From Tumor-Spread-Through-Air-Spaces (STAS) Promotes Tumor Progression by Suppressing CD8+ T Cells in Lung Adenocarcinoma: A Machine Learning Approach.

Tumor spread through air spaces (STAS) is a recently discovered risk factor for lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). The aim of this study was to investigate specific genetic alterations and anticancer immune responses related to STAS. By using a machine learning algorithm and drug screening in lung cancer cell lines, we analyzed the effect of Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) on the survival of patients with LUAD and possible drug candidates. This study included 566 patients with LUAD corresponding to clinicopathological and genetic data. For analyses of LUAD, we applied gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), in silico cytometry, pathway network analysis, in vitro drug screening, and gradient boosting machine (GBM) analysis. The patients with STAS had a shorter survival time than those without STAS (P < 0.001). We detected gene set-related downregulation of JAK2 associated with STAS using GSEA. Low JAK2 expression was related to poor prognosis and a low CD8+ T-cell fraction. In GBM, JAK2 showed improved survival prediction performance when it was added to other parameters (T stage, N stage, lymphovascular invasion, pleural invasion, tumor size). In drug screening, mirin, CCT007093, dihydroretenone, and ABT737 suppressed the growth of lung cancer cell lines with low JAK2 expression. In LUAD, low JAK2 expression linked to the presence of STAS might serve as an unfavorable prognostic factor. A relationship between JAK2 and CD8+ T cells suggests that STAS is indirectly related to the anticancer immune response. These results may contribute to the design of future experimental research and drug development programs for LUAD with STAS.

Combining ability analysis of Cucurbita moschata D. in Côte d'Ivoire and classification of promising lines based on their gca effects.

Cucurbita moschata varieties grown in Africa have very low yield. They have been neglected, and totally ignored in agricultural research programs. However, interest in their fruits, seeds, flowers and leaves is growing nowadays due to their nutritional and medicinal potentials. That growing interest has prompted plant breeders and agronomists to develop research programs for their improvement. A complete diallel cross analysis of four parental lines, Long, Zouan-H, Oval, and Soubre and their twelve F1 hybrids, was carried out in a farming environment at the University Nangui Abrogoua, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire. The four parental lines and the F1 hybrids were evaluated for their general performances, combining abilities, potency ratio and heterosis effects. The investigated traits included plant height, and eleven fruit- and seed-related characters. The analysis of variance showed significant differences for all traits studied. In addition, the diallel model yielded highly significant gca effects of the female parents. The gca effects of the male parents were significant for all traits except plant height, length of the fruit, width of the fruit and length of the seed. Highly significant sca effects were observed in the crosses for all the traits. Strong maternal effects were observed for the weight and diameter of the fruit, weight of the pulp, number of seeds per fruit, weight of the fresh seeds and 100-seed weight. The general predictive ratio approached the value 1 for all the traits except weight of the fresh seed and width of the dry seed. Most of the characters under this study are predominantly determined by the effects of additive genes. But, weight of the fresh seed and width of the dry seed may be controlled by non-additive genes. Mid-parent heterosis was significant for all measured traits in the crosses, except the length of the fruit. And better-parent heterosis was significant for all traits except plant height, number of fruits per plant and length of the fruit. Gene expression is described by a super-dominance for many traits, and partial dominance for some other traits in all twelve F1 hybrids. Classification of the parental lines based on the effects of their general combining ability grouped the Soubre lines as promising contributors to fruit yield. The parental lines Long and Oval formed another group likely on the basis of the small size of their fruits, the small pulps, the smaller number of fruits per plant and the large number of seeds per fruit. However, Long would be a candidate parent for the development of cultivars with longer vegetative growth. The parental line Zouan-H formed the third group and it was mostly characterized by its large number of seeds per fruit and relatively large fruits.

Populist Foreign Policy: Mapping the Developing Research Program on Populism in International Relations

Abstract This article reviews one of the expanding research programs in international relations (IR): the study of populist foreign policy (PFP). Recent years have witnessed a significant proliferation of IR scholars researching the nexus between the global rise of populism and their foreign policies across different countries, regions, and sub-fields. However, scientific progress at such stage of this research program demands an in-depth “mapping” of its different ontological approaches. To this end, we identify and explore five “schools” of PFP that have been consolidated in the last decade, while highlighting their accomplishments in understanding the distinctive populist elements in foreign policy and their possibilities of analyzing local and external conditions under which PFP impacts global politics. We also set the stage for future contributions on the drivers, patterns, and effects of PFP, under the assumption that the populist phenomenon and its transnational dimensions will continue to affect IR prospects for a long time to come.

Developing research programs that align with the clinical mission

Building a competitive research program within a department of surgery requires a significant commitment by the department and the institution to provide the necessary resources for faculty recruitment, retention of current faculty, and physical space/infrastructure to support research activities. We expanded the academic footprint of our department as demonstrated by the expansion of the department of surgery research funding by 13-fold over a period of 7 years, resulting in an increase in national ranking from 55th place to 10th place in the National Institutes of Health extramural funding. This required attention to multiple factors that affect the ability of faculty to establish and maintain competitive research programs. We executed a plan that established a leadership structure that coordinates resources and provides mentorship to faculty. The department invested heavily in the recruitment of new faculty, especially junior faculty, but also some mid-career and senior investigators to develop a critical mass in specific areas for competitive large grant and program project applications. The pipeline of new trainees interested in research was augmented by successful training grant applications that created a mechanism by which residents and fellows can pursue research for periods ranging from a few weeks to 2 years. Administrative infrastructure was created to assist faculty in grant submissions as well as post-award management. Finally, in partnership with institutional leadership, the department acquired the physical space necessary to support both dry-lab and wet-lab research activities. To achieve true excellence, an academic surgery department must maintain excellence in both the clinical and research areas, which, in the context of an academic medical center, are not separate goals.

P52: Gardening for others as meaningful activity for people living with dementia

Objective:Time in nature is increasingly recognised as beneficial for people living with dementia, with research often focusing on the benefits of physical activity, proximity to natural environments and social interactions. However, limited research has investigated the role of purpose while gardening for people living with dementia. Purposeful activities are often lacking in programs for people living with dementia, who are sometimes excluded and have their capabilities underestimated, especially those with younger-onset dementia. Yet, these purposeful activities may be key to supporting people living with dementia to retain a sense of self-worth and connection to their communities.This project documented participants’ experiences of purposeful activity in the form of volunteering at a farm producing food for community members in need.Methods:Individuals living with dementia participated in farming activities over several weeks to help grow food for people in need. During this time, participants completed ‘walking interviews’, discussing the tasks undertaken, their perspectives on these tasks, how these activities fitted in with their own ways of being, and how they felt spending time in nature. Walking interviews provide contextual and environmental cues that may facilitate emotional and sensory connection in a way that traditional interviews do not. Their shorter and more flexible time frame provides additional adaptability for people living with dementia.Results:Walking interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed and thematically analysed. These analyses describe participants’ experiences at the farm, related to purpose in life. These included participants’ connection to times in their lives when they provided support, assistance or service to others, and their experience of engaging with the natural environment.Conclusion:This research contributes to understanding of benefits of purpose-focused time in nature, including that it provides an opportunity for people living with dementia to connect with different points in their lives when they have held other forms of purpose. Tips on setting up such a safe, enjoyable, inclusive gardening project are provided. Additional research into meaningful engagement in natural settings is warranted for people living with dementia, especially when it involves activities with benefit to communities.This project was supported by the Australian Association of Gerontology’s Hal Kendig Research Development Program.

Diet and Chronic Disease Research in the Women’s Health Initiative

The Women’s Health Initiative (WHI) has been a major contributor to diet and chronic disease research among postmenopausal US women over its 30+ year history (1993 to present). The WHI program included full-scale randomized trials of a low-fat dietary pattern high in fruits, vegetables, and grains, and of calcium and vitamin D supplementation, each with designated primary and secondary chronic disease outcomes. The history of these trials will be briefly reviewed here, along with principal findings that included evidence for breast cancer-related benefits for each of the 2 interventions. In recent years, WHI investigators have developed an active research program in nutritional biomarker development and in the application of these biomarkers in WHI cohorts, among various other nutritional epidemiology uses of WHI observational study resources. The intake biomarker work, which primarily relies on blood and urine metabolomics profiles, lends support to the low-fat dietary pattern trial results, and supports chronic disease benefits of higher carbohydrate diets more generally, especially through the fiber component of carbohydrate.

미술교육 프로그램 개발 및 적용연구 동향 분석

Objectives This study examines the master's thesis trends of art education program planning and execution of art education majors in the department of education at graduate schools of education in Korea for 18 years from 2005 to 2022, and proposes the direction of art education program development research.&#x0D; Methods A total of 262 articles were selected by searching for art education program development studies of master's thesis in art education major in the Department of Education of the Graduate School of Education in Korea using RISS, an information provision service for academic journals. High), by region (nationwide), by development basis, by area (experience/expression/appreciation), and by teaching/learning type (general type, block type, etc.). Descriptive statistics by frequency analysis were conducted using the SPSS WIN 23.0 Program as a measurement tool.&#x0D; Results The suggestions based on the results of this study are as follows. First, detailed information such as selection of research subjects, reasons for selection, grade level, and gender, which are basic information during the program development process, needs to be faithfully described and provided as reference material for other researchers to select research subjects in the future. Second, like the above research subjects, specific and accurate information about grade, gender, region, and number of participants can also be used as basic data, so it must be indicated. Third, for the suitability of art education program development, surveys, expert group review, Delphi method, etc. should be practically carried out. do. Fourth, the program participants' evaluation activities lead to reflective reflection, and an active attitude to revise and secure the art education program according to the evaluation results is required. Finally, most of the data in this study are qualitative studies, so objective data needs to be added. It is judged to be very meaningful to support the researcher's discussion through pre-inspection and post-inspection prior to the program.&#x0D; Conclusions Based on the results of this study, it is intended to be presented as a material that can supplement the development and progress of art education programs in the Department of Education, Graduate School of Education, and Art Education Major.