Development Of Regional Innovation Systems Research Articles

The Role of Universities in the Innovation Systems in the Developing Countries

There are no universal rules for improving the contribution of universities to the development of regional innovation systems. Much depends upon the context of the country, resources of a specific region and socio-cultural specifics. This article explores the given topic using the example of a technological university in India, located in a large region with established traditions and a culture of production. In the implementation of the third mission of the university, a special proxy-organization played a key role, providing effective communication between stakeholders, the involvement of different segments of the population in the innovation system and joint development of technologies. The authors propose an interactive model that allows universities to develop new technological solutions for enterprises.

Digital Platform for Modeling the Development of Regional Innovation Systems of Russian Federation

Digital Platform for Modeling the Development of Regional Innovation Systems of Russian Federation

Threshold Effect of Two-Way FDI Synergy on Regional Green Technology Innovation under Heterogeneous Environmental Regulation: Evidence from China’s Provincial Panel Data

The green technology innovation system is a fundamental method for China to achieve its goals of carbon peak and carbon neutrality. Clarifying the relationship between two-way foreign direct investment (FDI) synergy and regional green technology innovation is key to the green transformation and sustainable development of regional innovation systems. Based on panel data from 30 provinces in China from 2009 to 2020, a threshold-panel-regression technique is used. Command-controlled environmental regulation (CER), market-incentive environmental regulation (MER), and public-participation environmental regulation (PER) are taken as threshold variables, and the threshold effect of two-way FDI synergy on regional green technology innovation under heterogeneous environmental regulation is empirically explored. The results show the following. (i) The effects of two-way FDI synergy on regional green technology innovation exhibit significant threshold characteristics with heterogeneous environmental regulation as a double threshold. (ii) As the threshold values of CER and PER increase, the promoting effect of two-way FDI synergy on regional green technology innovation first increases and then decreases. (iii) As the MER threshold value increases, the promoting effect of two-way FDI synergy on regional green technology innovation continues to increase. (iv) Under the medium-threshold condition of PER, the promoting effect of two-way FDI synergy reaches its greatest value. (v) The intensity of intellectual property protection, the number of regional innovation institutions, and the level of transportation infrastructure all have significant positive effects on regional green technology innovation, and the number of regional innovation institutions exhibits the greatest promoting effect. This study provides new insights into two-way FDI synergy and methods to promote green technology innovation, and these findings can help the government formulate future policies and strategies to promote regional green technology innovation.

The impact of borders and distance on knowledge spillovers — Evidence from cross-regional scientific and technological collaboration

Scientific and technical cooperation (STC) is an important knowledge spillover method that significantly impacts the development of regional innovation systems. Although previous studies have explored the factors influencing STC, they have often overlooked border effects. Using STC data, this study explores the heterogeneous effects of natural, administrative, and cultural borders on cross-regional STC using spatial analysis and a negative binomial regression model and reveals the knowledge spillovers' border effect and its mechanism. The empirical results suggest the following: (1) Different types of borders have different effects on STC, with administrative borders having the strongest hindering effect on knowledge spillovers. (2) Population flow significantly weakens the negative effect of administrative borders on STC and knowledge spillovers, but scientific and technological competition strengthens it. (3) There is an urban hierarchy effect and a geographical proximity effect on knowledge spillovers.

Development Priorities for the Regional Innovation System Based on the Best Available Technologies

At the present stage one of the most important factors in the economic growth of Russian regions is the production processes modernization based on the best available technologies (hereinafter—BAT), ensuring the reduction of the negative impact on the environment in cost-effective ways. The most important conditions for the successful implementation of BAT at regional enterprises is the creation of general institutional conditions at the all-Russian level and the supply of enterprises with domestic technologies meeting the criteria of the best available technology. Over the past several years, large-scale work has been carried out in Russia to amend legislation, prepare BAT reference documents, and form the institutional conditions for their implementation. However, sustainable outcomes in specific regions will require the further development of regional innovation systems, consistent with the needs of local enterprises in BAT. The article proposes a general regional mechanism for managing the sustainable development of an innovation system based on BAT. For its successful implementation, a set of practical recommendations for the Rostov region has been formed. Within the framework of the innovation regional infrastructure it was proposed to create a new institute for the implementation of BAT—the Regional BAT competence center, priority areas for the development of potential and promising BAT in the region were identified, a general pattern of interaction of the Regional BAT competence center with other participants in the process was developed.

ВЛИЯНИЕ ЧЕЛОВЕЧЕСКОГО ПОТЕНЦИАЛА НА УСТОЙЧИВОЕ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЕ РАЗВИТИЕ РЕГИОНАЛЬНЫХ ИННОВАЦИОННЫХ СИСТЕМ

The problem of determining the sustainability of the development of regional innovation systems, taking into account the influence of human capital, is considered. The genesis of economic development theories that influence the formation of the innovation path is considered. An algorithm for assessing the quality of functioning of the regional innovation system is proposed. Indicators for the analysis of the innovative potential of the region, taking into account the development of human potential, are developed and grouped. An approach is identified that allows us to take into account how a certain factor has a positive or negative impact on the quality of economic development of regional innovation systems, the role of the influence of human potential, based on the meaning or nature of the indicator related to it. A method of quantitative assessment of the quality of economic development of regional innovation systems, taking into account the impact on the formation of human potential, is proposed.

Organizational and economic potential of innovative entrepreneurship in the strategic development of the Ukrainian regional economy

Purpose. The purpose of the article is to present the organizational and economic potential of innovative entrepreneurship in the strategic development of the regional economy. Methodology of the research. The following research methods are used to achieve such purpose: theoretical synthesis, analysis, abstract and logical - to reveal the relationship of entrepreneurship, innovation and strategic development of regions in the context of achieving sustainable development goals; interpretation and comparison - to determine the prospects for increasing the innovative activity of enterprises in the region; tabular and graphical - for a visual presentation of Ukraine's ranking of GII, the dynamics of training highly qualified scientific personnel and the cost of research and development. Findings. It has been established that dreams about the transition of Ukraine from a low-tech resource to a high-tech innovative economy are pinned on innovative entrepreneurship, which ensures qualitative structural changes in the economy in favour of knowledge-intensive types of economic activity. It is substantiated that, unfortunately, Ukraine is inferior to neighbouring states in terms of innovative indicators, taking 30th place among 39 European countries. There is a growing gap between the national economy and European countries. The main indicators of the innovative potential of the regions, which correspond to the trends, of the rating of Ukraine according to the global index of innovations are analysed. The expediency of the formation and development of entrepreneurial regional innovation systems has been determined. Originality. The substantiation of the feasibility of the development of entrepreneurial regional innovation systems, the feature of which is mobility and the ability to quickly and adequately respond to changes in external conditions of functioning, was further developed. Practical value. Proposals substantiated in the research can be used by authorities, educational institutions and business structures for the development of regional innovation systems. Key words: potential, innovation, entrepreneurship, competition, strategy, regions.

Эволюция теоретических взглядов на региональную инновационную систему

The article is devoted to the problems of the study of regional innovation systems, the development of which is one of the most important factors of economic growth. Goal. Determine the most effective factors for the development of regional innovation systems in various theoretical and methodological concepts of territorial planning. Tasks. Analyze domestic and foreign approaches to the formation of regional innovation systems and their subsequent development. To identify the most relevant concepts of innovative development of regions, applicable in modern conditions of scientific and technological progress. Determine the possibilities of applying global theoretical approaches and practical experience in the construction of innovation systems in the regions of Russia. Methodology. In the course of the study, comparative and retrospective types of analysis were used in relation to the processes of theories and concepts of innovative development at the regional level. The methodological basis of the study was the concept of the «knowledge economy», the application of which made it possible to identify the high importance of building up and diffusion of knowledge in the regional innovation process. Results. It was revealed that for Russia and its regions to enter the next stage of economic development, innovations and innovative activities should play a leading role. One of the main priorities of regional development should be the formation of an innovative infrastructure, the basis will be the creation of conditions for supporting small and medium-sized innovative enterprises based on business incubators, venture financing, information, consulting and legal support for business entities. Direct support of the innovation system should include the introduction of preferential tax regimes for enterprises in this sector and the provision of state preferences. Conclusions. By now, there has already been a transition from understanding the dominant role of innovation in the development of any socio-economic system to the target formation of public and private institutions of innovation, called national and regional innovation systems. In this regard, it is necessary to further modernize management approaches and practices to the process of state support for innovation.

Public Regional Policy and the Development of Regional Innovation Systems in the USA

The competent combination of the state regional policy of the US federal center with market relations allowed the country to achieve advanced results in innovative activities. At the same time, the regional aspect of the spatial organization of innovations within the regional innovation systems of the United States, which has become the subject of this study, is largely characterized by the influence of specific organizational and territorial forms, within which certain instruments of state regional innovation policy are implemented. The paper identifies the main “center-peripheral” tendencies of innovation activity (at the level of statistical regions of the United States), which have developed under the influence of the US state regional policy on the development of these systems. Revealed, on the whole unambiguous in direction, but having regional differences, the relationship between the level of innovative development of territories and the activity of state regulation of innovative activities.

Features of Regional Innovation Systems Function in the Northern States of the USA

The article examines the features of regional innovation systems functioning in the period 2000–2019, which were developed in the Northern States of the United States as one of the three largest regions of the country, characterized by the historically formed most developed part of the national innovation system. On the basis of a set of indicators, the author analyzes the innovative development of the economy of the States of the specified region of the country and ranks them on the basis of statistical and dynamic indicators that characterize their key features in the new technological order. Developing a scientific hypothesis about the territorial heterogeneity of reproductive processes influencing the spatio-temporal characteristics of the results and pace of development of regional innovation systems based on substantive research is needed in all economic and administrative relations through the application of methods of statistical and economic and cluster analysis, the author obtained results that reflects not only the level of development of high technologies in the leading States of the Northern U.S., but produced a ranking of these subjects by the principal component method.

The development of the regional innovation system in Ukraine under decentralization

The main concepts of the term ‘region' have been determined in this paper and the term ‘innovation' has been analyzed. The problem of regional innovation system's place and role in the development of a region and its internal potential in its competitiveness has been emphasized. Moreover, the diag- nostics model of innovation product implementation has been proposed as well as the comparison of innovation indexes, which are identified at the level of an individual country or a group of them. Finally, the Polish experience of the regional innovation system development under decentralization changes in the country has been explored.

Institutional Management Elaboration through Cognitive Modeling of the Balanced Sustainable Development of Regional Innovation Systems

The main aim of this research was to search for relevant indicators and effective instruments for modeling the impact and institutional management of the regional innovation system for its balanced development. The objective of the study was to justify approaches for institutional management elaboration for balanced sustainable development of regional innovation systems regarding related factors and the needs of the region. The methodology of cognitive modeling and scenario impulse modeling are used for the analysis of the interconnection between the regional innovation system and higher education institutions and developing an instrument to diagnose the problems of no-congruence and improving the institutional management elaboration in the regional innovation policy. The analysis of system indicators of the cognitive map allowed to define the basic patterns in the regional system, determine the most significant factors and relationships for the economic system of the region and visualize them in the form of a cognitive map, identify the influence of the innovation environment elements on the target indicators, quantify its positive and negative impact, forecast and determine the directions of its improvement and enhancing the interaction of regional actors. The results of the study have practical value for use in improving institutional management in planning reforms and transformations of regional innovation systems.

Формування та розвиток регіональних інноваційних систем: теорія, практика

Формування та розвиток регіональних інноваційних систем: теорія, практика

ИНСТРУМЕНТАРИЙ КОМПЛЕКСНОГО АНАЛИЗА ИННОВАЦИОННОГО РАЗВИТИЯ РЕГИОНА

The modern toolkit for research and assessment of the innovation development of territories includes not only various approaches to understanding the main categories of the innovation sphere, but also methodological approaches to interpreting the results of innovation activities and to developing the recommendations aimed at forming favorable factors and conditions for the development of the innovation environment of a region. The article provides an overview of the research studies on the processes of development of regional innovation systems. The author's toolkit for assessing and analyzing the innovation development of regions, formed by combining and improving the existing approaches to the problem under examination, is presented. The elaborated methodological approach allows to consider the factors of innovation environment and the fields of fulfillment of innovation activity of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, to conduct a deeper and more detailed analysis of the innovation development of the country as a whole and of its regions. The proposed toolkit for assessment and analysis mitigates a number of weak points in the existing methods and can be used while developing the recommendations for the formation of a favorable innovation climate, a high level of innovation potential and activity, as well as while developing regional strategies for innovation development of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

Targeted management of innovative development of Russian regions

«Вестник Санкт-Петербургского университета. Экономика» — научно-теоретический рецензируемый журнал, обобщающий результаты исследований ученых всего мира в различных областях науки, включая мировую экономику, историю развития экономики и экономической мысли, финансы, кредит и страхование, теорию и практику управления, статистику и учет, экономико-математическое моделирование.

A SYSTEM APPROACH TO ASSESSING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF REGIONAL INNOVATION SYSTEMS IN THE CONCEPT OF STATISTICAL SUSTAINABILITY

Purpose: The paper deals with the assessment and analysis of regional innovation systems. It is noted that the quantitative criterion of innovation effectiveness as the degree of influence of resources spent on obtaining the target result is practically not used in the analysis of the development of regional economic systems.
 Methodology: The issues of quantitative measurement of the effectiveness, performance, and sustainability of the regional innovation system development are considered. According to the methodology proposed by the authors based on an assessment of the materiality and sustainability of statistical relationships between factor and result indicators of innovation activity, a multidimensional statistical analysis concerning the development of the Russian Federation regions by the level of innovative activity was carried out.
 Result: The principle of division of the space formed by innovative activity features according to their functional significance in the system is formulated. A method of identifying sustainable relationships between elements of a regional innovation system within the process approach concept has been tested. Special groups of factors that have a statistically significant effect on innovation activity are identified. Methods for calculating effectiveness and performance indexes in categories of statistical variation are proposed. The differentiation of regions by the innovative development determinants is revealed. The conclusions about the feasibility of applying the presented methodology for a reliable assessment of the effectiveness of regional innovation system development are made.
 Applications: This research can be used for universities, teachers, and students.
 Novelty/Originality: In this research, the model of A system approach to assessing the effectiveness of regional innovation systems in the concept of statistical sustainability is presented in a comprehensive and complete manner.

Technoparks as Centers of Regional Economic Development

In the modern world, socio-economic and political leadership of a country is based on the generation of new knowledge, its commercialization and use in all areas of human activity, it being an important prerequisite for improving the competitiveness of the state. To achieve this goal, individual elements of the national innovation system including the main components of the innovation infrastructure are being formed in many constituent entities of the Russian Federation. The article discusses an important component of the industrial and technological innovation infrastructure - technology parks. The dynamics of technology parks development in Russia since 1990, their functions, specialization and efficiency of functioning are revealed. The conclusion is made about how the increasing number of technology parks influences on socio-economic and innovative development of the regions in Russia. Further development of regional innovation systems based on the development of technology parks in the field of high technologies is associated with the development of effective marketing mechanisms for the commercialization of innovations, improving the quality of education and its focus on innovation issues. The applied focus of scientific research should be accompanied by the diversification of the innovation-technological complex in accordance with the priority directions of technological development of regions and country. The results of the research can be used by decision makers to substantiate the diversification of regional innovation systems in accordance with the priority directions of the technological development of the country.

INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT OF REGIONS OF UKRAINE IN THE CONTEXT OF THE CLUSTER POLICY IMPLEMENTATION

The presented research identifies scientific schools of cluster development theory. It is substantiated that in the conditions of globalization, the main factor of the structural transformation of the regional economy and further positive structural changes is the innovative susceptibility of the region. This necessitates the rationalization of the regional economy structure based on the active cluster policy and identification of innovation development priorities of the regions, support of the innovative business development as an important component of the structural policy of the region. It is determined that in order to carry out progressive structural changes in the regional economy, it is necessary to conduct an active cluster policy, which increases the investment potential and effectiveness of the interaction of power and business. Based on the potential of the regions of Ukraine regarding their further innovation development, taking into account the cluster approach, which becomes one of the effective instruments for structural transformation of the regional economy, an estimation of the correlation between the volume of the GRP and indicators of innovation development has been conducted. Three groups of regions have been determined for their role in the overall national innovation process. For each of the groups, the respective directions of interregional cluster innovation policy implementation are proposed for achieving the stable development of regional innovation systems.

Поиск инновационной траектории развития Калининградской области

Amid growing inter-state competition, national innovation policies are increasingly seeking to promote the development of regional innovation systems to intensify innovative processes and to enhance the economic competitiveness of territories. An efficient regional innovation policy requires a territorial adaptive approach to the development of mechanisms for innovating socio-spatial systems. These mechanisms should take into account the specific features and inalienable resources of territories. Whereas regional innovation systems are becoming increasingly acknowledged in public administration as versatile, the stage of a system life cycle, which is an equally important factor, often escapes managerial attention. In this article, I analyse the innovation system of the Kaliningrad region at its inception. The Kaliningrad case is of considerable interest for a study into the patterns and characteristics of the governance of innovation systems — a management paradigm aimed to promote regional development during a change in their functioning mode. In this work, I analyse the current structure of the Kaliningrad regional innovation system, of which some elements date back to the Soviet period, paying particular attention to the subsequent change in the framework conditions. I show that a new innovation trajectory requires taking into account the economic and geographical position of the region, its level of socio-economic development and economic specialization. My findings could contribute to both improving the national policy on managing innovation processes in Russian regions and developing the concept of regional innovation systems as regards research into their life cycle stages.

Specific Features of the Technological Development of Russia under Conditions of the Evolving Digital Economy

The subject of the research is the key stages, specifics and branches of the digital economy; foreign experience in the development of the digital economy and the utilization of the digital economy models and trends in the USA and China; technological platforms in Russia used in medicine, biotechnologies, data communication and aerospace technologies. The purpose of the research was to identify problems associated with insufficient upgrading of technological platforms as evidenced by the decreasing share of organizations implementing technological innovations in various activities. Based on the analysis, the factors contributing to the development of regional innovation systems have been identified and assessed in the context of the Russian federal districts. It is concluded that the insufficient development of the national innovation system is largely due to the poor coordination of regional innovation systems, the lack of interlinks and the underdeveloped technological base.