Development Of Regional Clusters Research Articles

Концептуальные основы кластеризации региональной экономики в целях обеспечения ее устойчивого развития и роста инвестиционной привлекательности

The article substantiates that today the regional cluster is becoming an important tool for spatial development, possessing such a unique set of characteristics as adaptability to changes in the external and internal environment (the level of cluster development determines the speed of such adaptation), the innovativeness of the processes taking place in it and the focus on continuous development, as well as great opportunities for the formation of a closed production cycle and the transition to functioning on the principles of a circular economy, This is the most important goal of the sustainable development strategy not only for an individual business entity, but also for the entire region. In his research, the author analyzes the full range of effects that the cluster has on the development of the region and regional enterprises, schematizes the process of interaction between the key blocks of the regional cluster, and also develops an algorithm for the formation and development of regional clusters in order to enhance investment activity in the region.

Higher Education for Global and Local Sustainable Development

The Russian universities’ contribution to the achievement of sustainable development goals is analyzed from the prospect of globalism crisis and transition to the global-local paradigm of the existence of a society. The authors proceed from the theoretical premise that the internationally recognized threefold concept of sustainable development encompassing economic development, social stability and environmental sustainability is based on the understanding of the development as a process and a result of subjective and objective factors that effective in activity aimed at building the future of the humankind. Sociocultural approach allows considering the universities’ practices on achieving global goals of sustainable development through local (national and cultural) practices: ecological, economical and socially oriented activity and/ or building ecosystems at a local level. The article is aimed to define the universities’ organizational environment and conditions providing the high level of sustainable development goals’ achievement.Universities implement various strategies to introduce the concept of sustainability into the programs of their development. The practices of the universities known for the effective implementation of sustainability concept into educational, research and social practices oriented to the regional sustainable development are analyzed. The universities under consideration provide stimulating ground for establishing horizontal and vertical relationships among all subjects of sustainable development within their educational environment, fostering sustainability culture and motivating students, teachers and other personnel to achieve sustainability goals. Their experience might be informative for Russian Universities as far as the principles of sustainable development and orientation at building educational ecosystems are formulated in the national programs of regional development in Russia (Flagship Universities Program and Priority 2030 Program). In the Priority 2030 Program, the ecosystem principle is one of the fundamental for the result-oriented innovative development of regional clusters created by the joint efforts of universities, businesses, state and social organizations. However, Russian universities in their striving for designing educational ecosystem mostly focus on research and financial aspects than on the development of a man, whose professional, intellectual and moral formation might contribute to the sustainable development of the region, the nation and the world.

Development of regional clusters based on the use of specialized digital tools

The accelerating processes of regionalization and glocalization of national economies are gradually changing the globalization path of development, as they fit more into the transforming picture of the new world order, in which not only geopolitical and economic aspects are changing, but also approaches to understanding the essence and practical implementation of the concepts of sustainable development, environmentally friendly development and socially oriented behavior. But despite a fairly large-scale change in development trajectories, absolutely all subjects of the world economy are influenced by digitalization trends, which are becoming almost the main tools for implementing political, economic and other types of national strategies. Thus, the formation of regional clusters is occurring on the basis of the influence of two strong factors at once – the widespread glocalization of the economy and the digitalization of all spheres of society, enabling regions to strengthen their specific territorial competitive advantages, including through the use of modern digital tools, since despite the ambiguity of the goals of Industry 4.0, it is impossible to avoid its influence, which means that it is necessary to use the advantages that it provides for the development of both individual economic entities and their associations within cluster formations. The paper attempts to consider the digital tools currently available for use by regional clusters and find out what competitive advantages their competent application can provide.

Analysis of Cluster Support Based on the Example of the European Cluster Excellence Initiative

Abstract The article is about the issue of cluster development support. For this purpose, the European Cluster Excellence Initiative (ECEI) was analysed. It is the most common measure in Europe to support the development of clusters. It was developed by the European Secretariat for Cluster Analysis. The ECEI inspires national and regional cluster development programmes. As part of the research work, individual in-depth interviews were conducted with representatives of Polish clusters and a survey was conducted with representatives of European clusters. On their basis, it was established that the activities offered under the ECEI meet the expectations placed on it by the creators. However, this does not mean that it is a perfect system. A number of areas were identified that require changes. Some suggestions are simple to implement, while others are more complicated. These recommendations require changes that the European Secretariat for Cluster Analysis should review and decide on them.

State impact on innovative development of business structures

The article considers the issues of development of business structures in Russia in the conditions of transition to a new technological order through innovative development and modernization of the economy. The author defines the key problems of functioning of innovative development institutions in Russia according to their sources and key functions of the state in creating an innovative and entrepreneurial environment. The features of the regional component of the national innovation system are revealed and the role of small and mediumsized businesses in the development of regional clusters is reflected. Special attention is given to the successful functioning of innovative clusters and the important role of small innovative enterprises as a link between the leading enterprise and the research environment.

Cluster policy as a tool for implementing regional development strategy

In the 2000s, the socio-economic development strategies of almost all regions of the Russian Federation envisaged the formation and development of regional clusters (mostly innovative industrial ones). While the cluster policy had dirigiste nature: the list of potential clusters, the circle of participants, territorial and non-territorial boundaries, the expected effects of operation were determined by regional administrations. The same type of cluster development mechanisms and tools which do not take into account regional specifics and promising economic specializations have led to premature disillusionment in the cluster concept. Full-scale mature clusters can function successfully if their profile is consistent with the specifics of the region, including restrictive factors hindering economic activity (in the Baikal region this is the so-called "Baikal" factor). The article discusses the promising directions of clustering the economy of the Baikal region in the context of the cluster development of the subjects of the Russian Federation, substantiates the role of cluster policy in increasing the connectivity of the economic space of the country and its regions.

Cluster approach to production and consumption waste management in regional socio-economic systems

Nowadays, the ‘greening’ of the economy based on implementation of modern development priorities such as increasing the value of nature, natural resources, as well as a human being, human life and health has the prime importance for achieving sustainable development. Solving the problem of production and consumption waste is becoming one of the priority areas, since it simultaneously contains the following components: economic (disposal cost, saving natural resources), environmental (reducing releases of harmful substances into the environment) and social (new jobs, reducing the burden of diseases, fostering an attitude of care towards nature among the population). The creation and development of regional clusters of waste processing can be a key element in solving the problem.

РАЗВИТИЕ КЛАСТЕРИЗАЦИИ В МЯСНОМ ЖИВОТНОВОДСТВЕ: МЕХАНИЗМ ИНТЕГРАЦИИ И КООПЕРАЦИИ ОТРАСЛИ

The main purpose of the work is the development of proposals for improving the integration mechanism and cooperation processes based on clustering in the sectors of meat-animal husbandry of the agro-industrial complex (AIC) of the region. The object of the study is manufacturing, processing, marketing, supplying and servicing enterprises of the sectors of meat-animal husbandry of AIC. In the course of the work, the specifics of elaboration of an optimal mechanism for the development of clustering on the principles of integration and cooperation in the sectors of meat-animal husbandry of AIC were studied. In the present-day market conditions, the current state of integrated and cooperated structures of AIC is analyzed on the basis of reporting of agricultural enterprises of the regions and the Russian Federation as a whole. The difficulties of organizing the interaction of economic entities of AIC with research, educational, financial, credit and insurance institutions are revealed. On the basis of statistical-economic, monographic, abstract-logical and computational-constructive methods, organizational and economic conditions for the formation of the mechanism underlying the clustering of integration and cooperation processes in the meat-product sub- complex of the regions of Russian Federation are investigated. A structural model of a meat- product cluster, based on protocluster structures identified in the AIC and promising enterprises of the regions, is proposed. In particular, the formation of Regional Cluster Development Centers, Regional slaughter-and-purchasing stations, Territorial Hybrid-breeding centers on the base of potential clusters is proposed. Calculated and justified reduction in the production cost and final price of meat products in the retail markets of the regions of the Russian Federation is accepted the key parameter of the socio-economic efficiency of the proposed mechanism. The scope of application of the developments: management bodies of the agro-industrial complex, heads of personal subsidiary and peasant (private) farms, boards of production and consumer cooperatives, management of agricultural, processing, supplying and servicing enterprises.

Management and Development of Regional Clusters in the Russian Economy

The present paper draws attention to the urgency of the problem related to the formation of tourism clusters. Then the current state and the specific features of the object of study are described. Then we expand upon the scientific basis of the proposed research methodology. Finally we offer guidelines on the implementation of the expected results. The development of initiative in the implementation of cluster projects in the territories of the administrative-territorial and municipal entities of the Russian Federation has been intended to promote the concentration of existing and attracted resources that will improve the efficiency provided for socio-economic measures.

ПОНЯТИЕ И ПРОБЛЕМЫ ПРОИЗВОДСТВЕННОЙ КООПЕРАЦИИ

One of the modern forms of cooperation between enterprises is industrial and territorial clusters. Researchers in the development of industrial cooperation processes and cluster projects highlight a number of problems, among which there are problems associated with the development of international cooperation, support for industrial cooperation at the state and regions of the state levels, the formation and implementation of joint projects, as well as the quality of labor resources. Today, an actual rejection of the systemic cluster policy in all directions is demonstrated, which is confirmed by the curtailment of direct support for industrial cluster projects, as well as the refusal to support regional cluster development centers. The main reason for this reversal seems to be the insufficiency of the cooperative component of domestic clusters.

The Actualisation of Regional Capacity Educational Space Based on Cluster Interaction: The Aspect of Formation of Training Health Culture

Introduction. Secondary schools are the only social institution through which the entire child population passes. This suggests that the general education system is the most important link in the socialisation of an individual, where a health culture is formed among other values. Currently, in Russian and foreign pedagogical science and practice, there are various models for organisation of the activities of educational institutions in the formation of a health culture of students. However, individual institutions often require more strength and capacity to achieve the desired outcome.The aim of the research is to substantiate the theoretical and methodological foundations of the integration of resources and capabilities of various social institutions in the context of their cluster interaction within the regional educational space in order to form a culture of students’ health.Methodology and research methods. In the course of the research, the multilevel concept of methodological knowledge is used. At the philosophical level, the axiological approach, which is of particular importance in the conditions of protecting the health of the younger generation, is taken as a fundamental one, since health is a universal (highest) human value and the main value orientation of the personality (A. Maslow), which determines the healthy and full development of the individual. The general scientific level is represented by a system-interactionist approach, which is a correlation of systemacity and interaction. The system component of the approach involves the consideration of the object (organisation, pedagogical system, educational space, etc.) not as a simple sum of any separate components, but as a single functional whole that has its own qualities distinguishable from the qualities of its individual parts. The interactionist component of the approach involves solving a pedagogical problem through the influence, communication, transition, development of various objects under the influence of mutual actions on each other, on other objects. The specific scientific level includes an integrative approach, involving the implementation of the educational process in educational organisations based on the use of resources of all members of educational activity. The technological level allows for phased planning, sequentially solving tasks and interpreting the results. The administrative and managerial aspect of the technological level is represented by a cluster approach, and the psychological and pedagogical one is represented by a personal-activity one. To achieve this goal, the following generally accepted research methods were used: conceptual-terminological and theoretical-methodological analysis, comparison, interpretation, theoretical modeling, generalisation, formative pedagogical experiment.Results and scientific novelty. The concepts of “regional educational space” and “cluster on the formation of a health culture of students in the regional educational space” were defined. Theoretical and methodological foundations for the integration of resources and capabilities of various social institutions in the context of their cluster interaction within the regional educational space with the aim of creating a health culture for students have been developed and described. Structural functional model and process flow chart of such interaction have been constructed.Practical significance. The results of the research create the prerequisites for a systematisation of the activities of specialists in the field of education, other social institutions and local executive authorities in the creation and development of regional clusters in the interests of protecting the health of the younger generation.

MODELING OF THE ORGANIZATION OF INTERACTION OF PARTICIPANTS OF THE MANAGEMENT PROCESS OF CLUSTER COOPERATION DEVELOPMENT

Introduction. Globalization has led to a change in the role of cluster cooperation in economic development. The impact of globalization on regional development of cluster cooperation primarily manifests itself in the fact that it gives regional clusters a new status of subjects of the world economic system and world competitive processes. In the context of globalization, there is a deepening gap in the levels of economic development of regional clusters and an increase in the social vulnerability of the population.Research hypothesis: the concept of regional cluster cooperation covers both a variety of qualitative factors and conditions (informal knowledge networks, trust, image), and a quantitative assessment of attributes and processes (for example, interfirm trade, patenting rates, labor supply, cost of resources used). Regional cluster cooperation consists of the interaction of individual subjects of the region, the social, economic, institutional and social attributes of the region itself. This creates the effect of a combination of factors, increases the competitiveness of the region, creates and (or) uses innovations.The purposeof the study is to substantiate a system of criteria for classifying the forms of spatially localized systems of cluster cooperation, to identify the comparative characteristics of cluster policy models.The research methodology is based on the fundamental principles of a number of scientific fields – the theory of national and regional competitiveness, cluster economic theory, the concept of regional archetypes, theories of spatial proximity, the general theory of systems.Results. The features of the clustering of the Ukrainian economy are identified, the main ones are identified: the formation of bottom-up clusters, discrepancies in the interpretation of the concept of cluster policy, the lack of interest of the cluster members in the interaction.Findings. Analysis of cluster policy in the regions of the EU and Ukraine allowed us to distinguish several types of cluster policy depending on various classification criteria. Depending on the stage of cluster development, the features of cluster policy are highlighted and an effective system of cluster cooperation for the Dnipropetrovsk region is proposed.

THE CONCEPT OF LOGISTICS CLUSTERS AND EFFICIENCY OF ECONOMIC ENTERPRISES

In Poland, Europe and worldwide, business strategies are implemented to ensure economic growth as a result of the impact of innovation and regional competitiveness. One of the effective and already proven methods of this strategy is building a competitive advantage based on the development of regional clusters. In their operations, clusters use the benefits of agglomeration, scale, range as well as local facilities resulting from production processes and distribution of knowledge. The concept of logistics clusters perfectly fits the aims of business clusters. The efficiency of logistics processes is perceived through the prism of cluster’s efficiency and effectiveness; the cluster philosophy can be used in logistics activities in order to seek optimization of its processes. Combining a cluster project with a logistics activity is one of the ways to improve competitiveness. Logistics clusters have the ability of a wider use of solutions developed by individual companies forming a cluster as well as solutions developed by companies from other sectors with which such enterprises cooperate. It is possible due to the development of innovative solutions in customer service, based on the experienceand cooperation of enterprises which can be considered as logistic and entities from other sectors of economy. The emergence of logistics clusters is stimulated by processes of internationalization and liberalization of material and capital flows, permanent search for new sources of competitive advantage, e. g. by optimizing logistics processes leading to cost reduction and by minimizing development disproportions of EU regions. The influence of market environment and existing trends causes that the analysis of a value chain and its network of connections as well as the course of processes should lead to a stage of selecting the most beneficial structures of this chain and the sequence of processes in this chain (Obłój, 1998, p. 215). As a consequence, logistics clusters including, for example, companies from freight-transportation-logistics (FTL) industry, will be looking for more effective ways of functioning. While examining the impact of logistics processes implemented in cluster initiatives on company’s financial results, it is necessary to determine the share of logistics costs in total costs and their impact on other areas of this company.

The Analysis of Foreign Experience in Implementing Cluster Policy

The article represents the results of the comparative analysis of implementing cluster policy in foreign and Russian practice. The proposed methodology is based on the main characteristics of clusters (the presence of competitive enterprises, the presence of competitive advantages for cluster development in the region, geographical concentration and proximity, a wide range of participants and the presence of “critical mass”, the presence of links and interaction between cluster members) that characterize them as complex economic structures. Creating clusters involves a number of studies at the territorial level, which, above all, relate to determining the competitive advantages of the territory in a particular industry. Therefore, at the first stage of benchmarking, the authors propose to systematize theoretical approaches to the definition of “cluster” category. The second stage involves identifying the features of the cluster approach as a tool to improve the competitiveness of individual territories, regions, economies. At the last stage, authors determine structuring of foreign and Russian experience in the development of clusters and analyze the approaches to implementing cluster policy and identify their strengths and weaknesses. In contrast to the existing methods for assessing the potential of a cluster, the approach implemented in this article makes it possible to identify not only promising territories from the point of view of the industry clusterization, but also to identify possible participants of such a cluster, which is the most promising in forming regional cluster development programs in the regional economy. The article presents the approbation of the proposed methodology for the Russian Federation based on statistical data for 2014–2016. The authors highlight industries and enterprises that can be clustered, which will ensure adequate support of regional authorities.

Infrastructure Support of the Regional Economic Clusters Formation

The article deals with the formation and development of clusters in the priority areas of the region’s economy. The world experience of clustering and the possibility of its application in the domestic conditions at the regional and local levels are highlighted. The potential opportunities of clusters forming in the priority sectors of the economy are analyzed. It is proved that the promising directions of clustering the regional economy in the context of strategic guidelines should be aimed at strengthening the processes of inter-economic cooperation of priority areas of the regional economy. The paper also considers the role of infrastructure in the formation and development of regional clusters, the need to change the modern configuration of the innovative infrastructure of the region in order to involve enterprises of municipal districts and urban districts in innovative activities. An approach to the optimization of the process of placing the components of innovative infrastructure in accordance with the degree of innovative susceptibility of municipal districts and urban districts is proposed.

Trends and prospects for the development of regional clusters’ capacity in a society's digitalization

The tendencies of development of the world economy and its influence on structural and qualitative changes of regional cluster systems are analyzed. Globalization is characterized as one of the most powerful factors that determines the further development of socio-economic systems, promotes the interdependence of national economies and the creation of highly effective mechanisms for their integration into a single world economic space. The emphasis is on its inevitability and consequences for business entities. The role of clusters in international economic expansion and in combining the potential of science, business and the state to ensure socio-economic development of regions is shown. Transformation processes in cluster systems are systematized, periodicity of cluster structures development is considered, and their influence on regional development is established. International cluster is defined as an international integrated structure based on the interaction of legally independent enterprises of various industries focused on the global world market of resources and consumers that are combined by the introduction of modern technologies into all areas. The peculiarities of the digital economy manifestation, which is developing at an exponential rate and radically changing the essence of business, are highlighted. The preconditions, advantages and problem aspects of digitization of economic processes are outlined, its influence on the conditions of functioning and structural changes of cluster systems as the basis for the development of a new type of world economy is revealed. The paper reveals that regional economy clustering and digitalization should be targeted at overcoming the resistance to changes, being supported by independent scientific and technological research and having the cultural digital imperative to be successful in the model of digital transformation in global economic space.

Кластерная политика России в контексте кооперации

The paper studies a profound change in the Russian cluster policy at the federal level based on the analysis of regulatory framework. The work demonstrates virtual abandoning of cluster policies in all areas, i.e. winding-up direct support for industrial cluster projects and failure to start funding complex investment projects for the development of innovative territorial clusters which has even lost their normative basis for financing as well as to backup regional cluster development centers. The main reason for such a reverse is the lack of cooperation among the domestic clusters. At the same time, the main aim of the government efforts in the field of cluster formation and other related processes – stimulation of cooperation projects – has remained unchanged. In order to avoid setbacks in other initiatives for development of such cooperation, it seems advisable to introduce an extended classification of joint cluster projects, which in many ways determines the specifics of partnership relations. The proposed classification is based on the type of connectivity among the participants, the symmetry of the alliances and the organizational form of project implementation. It is shown that the domestic cluster policy deals with the most challenging type of cooperative projects.

G. Patoshina. Sectoral priorities for the development of regional clusters in Ukraine.

G. Patoshina. Sectoral priorities for the development of regional clusters in Ukraine.

ТЕОРЕТИКО-МЕТОДОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ОСНОВАНИЯ И РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ ОЦЕНКИ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ КЛАСТЕРНОГО ПРОСТРАНСТВЕННОГО РАЗВИТИЯ РЕГИОНОВ РФ

In modern conditions clusters are considered as an effective tool for achieving sustainable economic growth in the regional economy. Their successful development is a decisive condition for creating a new management model based on the priority of innovative production renewal. In this regard, the creation of high-tech and efficient clusters should become the main direction of strategic management of territorial development by the state authorities of the Russian Federation subjects. However, the solution of this task is impossible without the development of an appropriate methodology and techniques for assessing the effectiveness of the regional economy clustering, which could be used in the development of cluster initiatives and preparation of state programs for regional cluster development. The article highlights the main results of the research carried out under the RFBR grant «Effectiveness of cluster spatial development of the region in conditions of transition to an innovative economy» No 16-12-59011 in 2016-2017. Theoretical and methodological grounds for developing a multi-criterial approach to assessing the cluster effectiveness of the regional economic space have been formulated. Interpretation and distinctive features of the cluster as a self-developing system are given. Configuration of the effectiveness criteria for cluster spatial development of the economy is proposed, which is a primary visualization of the cluster criterial efficiency model. Description of the criterial and indicative approach to the analysis of the effectiveness of regional economy cluster development is given and an integral indicator is proposed for its evaluation. Methodology for assessing the Regional cluster index was tested in nine regions of the Russian Federation, which territorial clusters were officially registered in the Register of industrial clusters 2016 of the Ministry of Industry and Trade of the Russian Federation. Results of the survey can be of interest to representatives of the government bodies at various levels, heads of specialized cluster structures, enterprises and organizations that are members of clusters.

Assessing the prospects for cluster development in regions: Methods and empirical study results: Evidence from the Republic of Belarus

Assessing the prospects for cluster development in regions: Methods and empirical study results: Evidence from the Republic of Belarus