Development Of Reference Values Research Articles

Development of reference values and equations for the pulmonary function of Nigerian children aged 6–11 years measured with digital peak flow meter and its validation against local and the Global Lung Function Initiative (GLI) equations

Development of reference values and equations for the pulmonary function of Nigerian children aged 6–11 years measured with digital peak flow meter and its validation against local and the Global Lung Function Initiative (GLI) equations

Nonlinear Dynamic Measures of Walking in Healthy Older Adults: A Systematic Scoping Review.

Background: Maintaining a healthy gait into old age is key to preserving the quality of life and reducing the risk of falling. Nonlinear dynamic analyses (NDAs) are a promising method of identifying characteristics of people who are at risk of falling based on their movement patterns. However, there is a range of NDA measures reported in the literature. The aim of this review was to summarise the variety, characteristics and range of the nonlinear dynamic measurements used to distinguish the gait kinematics of healthy older adults and older adults at risk of falling. Methods: Medline Ovid and Web of Science databases were searched. Forty-six papers were included for full-text review. Data extracted included participant and study design characteristics, fall risk assessment tools, analytical protocols and key results. Results: Among all nonlinear dynamic measures, Lyapunov Exponent (LyE) was most common, followed by entropy and then Fouquet Multipliers (FMs) measures. LyE and Multiscale Entropy (MSE) measures distinguished between older and younger adults and fall-prone versus non-fall-prone older adults. FMs were a less sensitive measure for studying changes in older adults’ gait. Methodology and data analysis procedures for estimating nonlinear dynamic measures differed greatly between studies and are a potential source of variability in cross-study comparisons and in generating reference values. Conclusion: Future studies should develop a standard procedure to apply and estimate LyE and entropy to quantify gait characteristics. This will enable the development of reference values in estimating the risk of falling.

Variation in blood count parameters of children aged 5 to 11 years in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire

Background: In Côte d’Ivoire, as in most developing countries, the reference values of hematological indices currently in use come from data collected from populations living in industrialized countries. The aim of this study was to determine variations in the child's blood count in Cote d'Ivoire.
 Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study has focused on 310 children (172 girls and 138 boys) aged 5 to 11 years selected from three municipalities of Abidjan. Blood samples were taken from each child in order to assess the parameters of the blood count.
 Results: The results revealed that the means of the different hematological parameters (red blood cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit, white blood cells, neutrophils, eosinophils, monocyte, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration) were in accordance with the normal physiological reference values from the literature apart lymphocyte. The rate of lymphocytes (51.3 ± 0.5) was higher overall. All the parameters did not indicate significant differences between girls and boys (p > 0.05) except mean corpuscular volume, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin that were statistically different by sex (p < 0.05). The percentage of having a rate of haemoglobin lower than 11.5 decreased significantly (p˂0.005) when the age increased. In addition, the rate of hemoglobin and hematocrit increased slightly starting from the age of 8 years. There is a significant difference (p < 0.05) in hemoglobin level between girls and boys in the age group of 9 years. Leukopenia is observed in a minority of children in the age groups of 5, 6, 7, 8, and 10 years.
 Conclusion: Some hematological parameters were different from other data published in the literature, which suggested a local development of reference values for children.

Reference values of selected auditory temporal processing tests for Polish school children.

Distorted processing of auditory information has a negative impact on the child's cognitive development. There are only a few studies conducted by Polish researchers determining normative values of psychoacoustic tests in auditory processing disorders. They are inconsistent due to different methodologies and research protocols. The aim of this work is to determine the reference values of selected psychoacoustic tests for the population of Polish children between 7 and 12 years of age. The study group consisted of 213 healthy children from 7 to 12 years of age. The condition for including the child in the study was an intellectual norm, proper sound sensitivity, proper development of children's voice and speech. All children underwent two auditory temporal processing tests. The diagnostic procedure used a standardized Frequency Pattern Test (FPT) and Duration Pattern Test (DPT). The tests were carried out in accordance with the authors' recommendations, using the original versions available on the CD for 60 dB SL intensity, simultaneously for the right and left ear. The reference values for FPT and DPT tests were determined at various age ranges in children aged 7-12. It has been shown that auditory functions change with the child's age and development. Reference values including age, language, cultural and educational differences were prepared. Development of reference values for individual tests for the Polish children population is a key element in reliable diagnosis of auditory processing.

Abstract #1208 The Development of Reference Values for Waist Circumference and Waist Height Ratios in Nigerian Youths 9-19 Years of Age

Abstract #1208 The Development of Reference Values for Waist Circumference and Waist Height Ratios in Nigerian Youths 9-19 Years of Age

The main directions of industrial policy development in modern conditions

The article is devoted to the problems of industrial policy development, which can be considered both at the macro and microeconomic level. In this connection, various industrial policies that are interested in improving economic interaction are singled out by the subject. The main aspirations of the industrial policy development are the justification of its membership in terms of the effectiveness of their interaction, as well as the identification of directions for the development of industrial policy for its subjects. Domestic industry is in an extremely unstable state, the development of any program documentation, strategic and tactical plans that determine the parameters of industrial policy, should be clearly proactive, and the development of industrial enterprises should be in accordance with the principles of preventive management and using appropriate proactive tools. The decisions made by the subjects of the formation of industrial policy are influenced by preferences, changes in market conditions, actions of other entities and other factors. Each decision is a problem of choice and a subsequent assessment of their expectations. The development of strategic directions at the state level is impossible without a balance of regional and sectoral strategies, large interregional projects, territorial planning programs in municipalities. Industrial policy is an important part of the national policy aimed at reducing the technical and technological backlog of our country, the achievement of indicators of socio-economic growth and development of reference values, the achievement of key macroeconomic indicators of the planned values, the creation of conditions for the effective operation of industrial enterprises engaged in creative activities aimed at providing the population with quality products, environmental protection, energy savinge.

Fetal left modified myocardial performance index measured by the Auto Mod-MPI system: development of reference values and application to recipients of twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome.

To establish normal reference ranges for the fetal left modified myocardial performance index (Mod-MPI) measured by the Auto Mod-MPI system and evaluate Mod-MPI changes in recipients of twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) before and after fetoscopic laser coagulation. This was a prospective longitudinal study of normal singleton fetuses from 12.0 to 40.0 weeks of gestation. TTTS cases treated by laser coagulation were reviewed for Mod-MPI measurements of recipients. All measurements were performed using the Auto Mod-MPI system by a single experienced operator. Among a total 447 examinations from 222 fetuses, we were unable to measure the Mod-MPI in two cases, and therefore, 445 examinations were analyzed. The median Mod-MPI consistently increased from 0.44 to 0.56 throughout gestation. The median isovolumetric contraction time (ICT) and isovolumetric relaxation time (IRT) also increased with advancing gestational age. The ejection time (ET) increased until 27 weeks of gestation and decreased thereafter. In the 30 recipients, Mod-MPI, ICT, and IRT increased before laser coagulation and significantly decreased after laser coagulation. Normal reference values for left Mod-MPI were established using the Auto Mod-MPI system, and these might be useful for assessing cardiac function in TTTS. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

PP022-MON BODY COMPOSITION AND PHYSICAL FUNCTION IN HEALTHY COMMUNITY-DWELLING OLDER ADULTS IN SWEDEN, A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

Rationale: Limited data are available on body composition (BC) and physical function (PF) in healthy adults >80 y, potentially hampering development of reference values in old age. We measured BC and PF in an apparently healthy elderly Swedish population. Methods: Apparently healthy, community-dwelling men (n = 51) and women (n = 51) aged >83 y in a city district in Gothenburg were measured by Standing-up-test (SuT), hand grip strength (HGS), body height, body weight (BW) and BC using a bioimpedance spectroscopy (Impedimed). The study was approved by the Regional Ethical Review Board in Gothenburg as an addition to Elderly Persons in the Risk Zone (T176 12). Results: Mean age was 86.5 y. Men and women performed equally well at the SuT. There was no difference in BMI between sexes. Men were significantly stronger with a mean HGS of 34.1 kg compared to 19.5 kg for women. 8 women and 11 men had low fat free mass index (FFMI), no one with concurrent low fat mass index (FMI), although 3 men had low FFMI with high FMI suggesting sarcopenic obesity [1]. 15% had a BMI below 22 kg/m2 and according to skeletal muscle index (SMI) 62% were assessed as having severe sarcopenia [1].

Commentary on “Development of Reference Values for the Functional Mobility Assessment”

Commentary on “Development of Reference Values for the Functional Mobility Assessment”

366 The Modified Shuttle Test (MST): The development of reference values in adult patients with Cystic Fibrosis

366 The Modified Shuttle Test (MST): The development of reference values in adult patients with Cystic Fibrosis