Development Of Quality Control System Research Articles

Morphological Characteristics of Catalyst Layer Defects in Catalyst-Coated Membranes in PEM Fuel Cells

Catalyst layer defects and irregularities in catalyst-coated membrane (CCM) electrodes affect the lifetime of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) during their operation. Thus, catalyst layer defects are important concerns for fuel cell manufacturers and prompt the development of quality control systems with the aim of fabricating defect-free electrodes. Consequently, the objective of this study is to gain a fundamental understanding of the morphological changes of real catalyst layer defects that have developed during CCM production. In this paper, missing catalyst layer defects (MCLD) formed during the decal transfer process are investigated through a nondestructive method using reflected light microscopy. The geometric features of the defects are quantified, and their growth is measured at regular time intervals from beginning-of-life (BOL) to end-of-life (EOL) until the OCV has dropped by 20% of its initial value as per a DOE-designed protocol. Overall, two types of degradation are observed: surface degradation caused by catalyst erosion and crack degradation caused by membrane mechanical deformation. Furthermore, catalyst layer defects formed during the decal transfer process were found to exhibit a higher growth rate at middle-of-life (MOL-1) and stabilize by EOL. This type of study will provide manufacturers with baseline information to allow them to select and reject CCMs, ultimately increasing the lifetime of fuel cell stacks.

Development of Quality Control System for Cement Concrete Based on Internet of Things

Development of Quality Control System for Cement Concrete Based on Internet of Things

Some Issues of the Quality Control System Development for Telecommunications Services

In connection with the rapid development of telecommunications technologies, the provision of communication quality parameters and its reliability are very relevant. In this regard, the new approaches to the operation and control of telecommunications networks are required which are inconceivable without an integrated approach to solving this problem and developing a control system not only for the network state, but also for the quality indicators of its operation. The idea of the work is to develop the control system that is able to determine the principles of strict monitoring over the telecommunications network of Kazakhtelecom JSC in Karaganda. The analysis of the key performance indicators of the telecommunications network showed that after the implementation of the Network Management System hardware and software complex, all values of quality indicators meet the regulatory values. It allows monitoring and controlling the telecommunications network at various levels of operation of basic and auxiliary equipment in a wide range of work.

The development of quality control system providing road-building services

Determined that the effectiveness of the management of enterprise road construction, largely determined by the quality of road works. Over the past 15 years in the industry made a lot of work to improve quality control system, which was due to a change in the economic model of the national economy. A great amount of work on a mechanism of quality control, based on compliance with existing regulations and design documentation. This could substantially improve the quality of road works to reduce the number of deviations from the requirements. However, if you switch from road works quality indicators to the indicators of the state of the road network, it must be noted that the volume of outstanding problems in recent years is growing. An approach to the development of a comprehensive quality control system of road-construction services, based on the model of the formation of the relationship of constructive, technological and organizational parameters of road works, which analyzes the control parameters listed in the production stage and assess their impact on the quality and reliability of road construction at an appropriate stage operation, which enables integrated control: the quality of the individual types of road works; materials used in road construction; preparation and adoption of constructive-technological and organizational decisions during the road construction.

Assessment of near infrared spectroscopy for energetic characterization of olive byproducts

The use of biofuels is a key factor in this transition away from fossil fuels. Today, biofuels are only a small share of world total energy supply. The characterization of biomass is a substantial improvement in the valorization of these resources, allowing a rational and controlled use of its energy potential. Therefore, a fast, reliable and cheap analytical technique is mandatory in order to increase the quality control of these products in the bioenergetic industry and enable comprehensive traceability of raw materials and processes in pursuit of a better use of resources. Near-Infrared (NIR) spectroscopy is eligible for the development of quality control systems of products and processes in accordance with the new demands taking into account their high response speed, low cost per sample, absence of sample preparation, versatility for the analysis of many different products and parameters. NIR spectroscopy prediction model for determination of quality parameters such us moisture, gross energetic value, ash content, volatile fraction content, and elemental composition (Carbon, Hydrogen, and Nitrogen) from ground and dried olive residues have been obtained. High accuracy in prediction for a test set has been achieved for all the parameters (R2 > 0.7) except for Hydrogen content. As expected, Standard Error of Prediction (SEP) for ground samples is better than dried samples except for moisture content. This study illustrates the possibility of using the NIR technique in combination with multivariate data analysis to predict economically important properties of olive byproducts for energetic uses.

Understanding near infrared radiation propagation in pig skin reflectance measurements

Non-invasive and non-destructive analysis based on Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy (NIRS) sensors are used for the development of quality control systems in numerous in situ /on-line applications in different fields. However, few studies have been published investigating and trying to understand how light propagates through agri-food tissues. In this paper, diffuse reflectance spectra of Iberian pig skin were simulated for different source–detector distances in the wavelength range from 1150 nm to 1850 nm. The average photon visit depth and the fraction of absorbed energy indicated that most of the light was absorbed by the dermis layer. Nevertheless, larger source–detector distances enabled to acquire information from deeper in the skin tissue and to maximize the sensitivity of the captured signal to the subcutaneous adipose tissue. These simulation results were experimentally validated using spatially resolved reflectance spectroscopy, and a good agreement was obtained between the simulations and measurements. A stochastic approach such as Monte Carlo method is used for investigating and characterizing non-destructive and non-invasive diffuse reflectance NIR spectroscopy measurements of Iberian pigs in the 1150–1850 nm wavelength range. Different source detector distances have been evaluated in order to optimize the optical configuration of NIRS instruments and maximize the spectral information detected from the subcutaneous adipose tissue. This study helps to understand how the light is propagated in pig tissues, which is relevant to design new spectrometers that can be used as non-destructive in situ / in vivo quality control system or support-decision making system. • A Monte Carlo approach was used for simulating diffuse reflectance NIR measurements. • Larger source–detector distances enabled going deeper in pig skin tissue. • Most of the NIR absorption was due to dermis layer. • Spatially resolved spectroscopy showed good agreement with simulation results.

Development of quality control system for flat-panel detectors

The characteristics of flat-panel detectors (FPD) are degraded by exposure to radiation. Degradation in a FPD progresses locally and has a nonlinear relationship to the radiation dose. In order to manage FPD systems properly, one must perform quality control (QC) such as evaluation of image degradation. However, no evaluation method for degradation has been established. In this paper, we first review the structure and degradation mechanism of FPDs, and then we propose a daily QC system for FPDs. To evaluate the degradation of FPDs, we investigated the number of defective pixels and lines, as well as the offset level of the pixel output. Furthermore, we developed daily QC software for FPD that can evaluate the image quality and is operationally simple. In the experiments, an indirect-conversion type FPD was evaluated by our proposed system. The offset level of FPD increased exponentially with X-ray exposure; no trends were seen for the number of defective pixels and defective lines. The required time for the evaluation of an FPD was about 1min, and no special skills were needed for the analysis. These results indicate that our system may be useful for daily QC of FPDs.

Computerization in the development of quality control system for analytical laboratories: State of the art and prospects

The state of the art and trends of computer use in Russian analytical laboratories conducting routine research are considered. The necessity to meet contemporary requirements forces laboratories to apply software in the development of quality control systems for results of analyses. Apart from the use of computers and software being an integral part of analytical devices, three trends in laboratory computerization can be discerned: LIMS, specialized universal laboratory software and nonspecialized or homemade software. LIMS use is limited by their high costs, complexity, and necessity of special personnel training. “Office” software does not provide solutions to quality control problems in full. Optimal for most laboratories is the use of specialized software that serves to computerize one or another block of the laboratory’s activities. Apart from requirements on the quality of the proper software, it should be inexpensive, simple, and convenient to use.

Development of Quality Control System for Laser Spot Welding System of Stainless Steel Sheets

It is necessary to manage not only in-process but also pre-process and post-process for improvement of the welding quality. In this paper, the fault condition sensing technique is proposed by the waveform monitoring and the waveform analysis of the physical quantity in the welding process. The waveform monitoring is applying control chart method in quality control. The waveform analysis such as running average process, differential characteristics, integral characteristics and time subtraction of data are particularly effective for monitoring a laser welding system. Application of the technique to the laser-half-penetration-spot-welding for thin stainless steel sheets is discussed. This monitoring system was verified by the welding examination with pulse gating mode Nd:YAG laser welding system. Welding conditions as follows; peak power is 4kW, pulse width is 30ms, processing speed is 1.5m/min, and assist gas is Argon. These successful results were very promising.

Bulgarian experience in the establishment of reference dose levels and implementation of a quality control system in diagnostic radiology

Results from a Bulgarian patient dose survey in diagnostic radiology are presented. Reference levels for entrance surface dose (ESD) were 0.9 mGy for chest radiography (PA), 30 mGy for lumbar spine (Lat), 10 mGy for pelvis, 5 mGy for skull (AP), 3 mGy for skull (Lat) and 13 mGy for mammography. Quality control (QC) programmes were proposed for various areas of diagnostic radiology. Film processing QC warranted special attention. Proposed QC programmes included parameters to be tested, level of expertise needed and two action levels: remedial and suspension. Programmes were tested under clinical conditions to assess initial results and draw conclusions for further QC system development. On the basis of international experience, measurement protocols were developed for all parameters tested. QC equipment was provided as part of the PHARE project. A future problem for QC programme implementation may be the small number of medical physics experts in diagnostic radiology.

198. 自動現像機管理システムの開発(写真・画像技術-1 自動現象機)

作成した自動現像機管理システムは、(1)データのオンライン入力が可能になり、作業の煩雑さが軽減できた。(2)データ入力から、特性曲線・階調度曲線作図や管理図作成などのデータ処理までを一元的に管理できた。(3)管理図や特性曲線の比較により、自現機の経時変化が把握でき、処理液の安定状態の確認と異常の早期発見が可能となった。(4)パソコンとプリンターだけの基本構成で、動作するように作成した。

198. 自動現像機管理システムの開発(第 47 回総会学術大会一般研究発表予稿)

198. 自動現像機管理システムの開発(第 47 回総会学術大会一般研究発表予稿)