Development Of Public-private Partnerships Research Articles

Critical risk management strategies for the operation of public–private partnerships: a vulnerability perspective of infrastructure projects

PurposeThe success of public–private partnership (PPP) projects is highly correlated to the successful management of risks encountered during the operation phase. PPP projects are especially exposed to risk due to the long operation period over which revenues need to be generated to recoup substantial initial investment and operational running costs. Despite the critical impact of risk exposure, limited research has been specifically undertaken on the matter of operational risk management. This study seeks to address this oversight by identifying and evaluating operational risk management strategies for PPPs.Design/methodology/approachVulnerability theory is the theoretical lens used, with context drawn from Chinese PPP projects. Based on the data collected from expert interviews and questionnaires, 28 operational risk management strategies are identified. A fuzzy synthetic method is employed to analyze the effectiveness of the 28 strategies.FindingsThe findings reveal that providing an exit mechanism clause into the contract, establishing a comprehensive performance evaluation mechanism and developing a clear compensation mechanism are the top three effective strategies. This study also reveals that risk mitigation approaches that reduce vulnerability prove more effective than attempts to reduce external threats. Specifically, strategies aimed at managing contract, political, technical and financial risk are the most effective.Originality/valueThe findings of this study extend current knowledge regarding the risk management of PPP projects. They also offer a reference by which practitioners may select effective operational risk management pathways and thereby, galvanize the sustainable development of PPPs.

Conceptual platform and applied aspects of interaction between government and business agencies in the Republic of Kazakhstan

The focus of the article is the evaluation of the interaction between regional state bodies and business structures in Kazakhstan, specifically in terms of the development of public-private partnerships. The purpose of the research is to enhance the understanding of the theoretical and practical aspects of the mechanism of interaction between the state and business structures. Through an examination of the various structural components of the partnership development strategy, the study aims to identify the elements of the mechanism for the implementation of the state and business development strategy. Additionally, the research seeks to establish the correlation between the outcomes of the joint entrepreneurship mechanism and the criteria used to evaluate the performance of regional state bodies. To assess the effectiveness of the interaction between business and government at the regional level in Kazakhstan, a survey-based evaluation was conducted to measure the satisfaction levels of public utilities, entrepreneurs, and businesses with the activities of local authorities. The survey also evaluated the degree of corruption among local authorities. A matrix of interaction between business and government was created, and various models and algorithms for the interaction between government representatives and business structures were studied. The research findings highlight the importance of enhancing the collaboration between the state and the business sector, promoting the implementation of public-private partnerships, and establishing social partnerships to cultivate mutually beneficial relationships.

Ensuring the spatial integration of Ukraine based on updated instruments of cooperation of regions and communities

The article aims to delve into the potential of Ukraine's spatial integration, focusing on activating regional and community cooperation tools. the study employed a robust set of scientific methods, including induction and deduction, comparison, systematization and generalization, and the graphic method, underscoring the thoroughness and reliability of the research. The article critically examines the current state and pressing issues surrounding enhancing public-private partnerships and inter-municipal cooperation. This analysis is particularly relevant in the context of Ukraine's need to form an integrated economic space amidst the challenges of war and post-war recovery, highlighting the urgency and importance of the topic. It was established that the main problems that inhibit the development of public-private partnerships in Ukraine are the considerable duration of the procedure for preparing PPP projects, instability of the state's tax and investment policy, limited financial resources of stakeholders, lack of specialists for the development of public-private partnership projects, its full-fledged technical and economic justification, preparation of tender documentation, etc. Considering the above, ways of increasing the effectiveness of public-private partnerships as a tool for forming an integrated and competitive economic space of Ukraine in the conditions of post-war reconstruction are proposed. The main problems that slow down the development of inter-municipal cooperation as a tool for the formation of an integrated economic space are named (lack of a consistent and clear regional policy of stimulating the development of inter-municipal cooperation of territorial communities; low effectiveness of the implementation of existing agreements on inter-municipal cooperation due to a lack of financial resources, the transfer of forces and funds to the wartime economy; limited possibilities of attracting credit instruments by MMC participants; lack of statistical information on the effectiveness and efficiency of the implementation of existing agreements on inter-municipal cooperation). Considering the above, directions for increasing the effectiveness of inter-municipal cooperation as a tool for forming an integrated economic space of Ukraine in the conditions of post-war reconstruction are named. The importance and necessity of simplifying the procedure of inter-municipal cooperation, clarifying roles and responsibilities, and removing legal barriers to inter-municipal cooperation were emphasized. Keywords: spatial integration, community cooperation, public-private partnership, inter-municipal cooperation, post-war reconstruction, regional economy.

Methodological and analytical basis of construction enterprises in the cycle of public-private partnership projects

Public-private partnership (PPP) is a strategically important management tool that allows the state and the private sector to jointly implement projects in various fields, such as infrastructure, health care, education, and others, to promote economic development. However, the successful implementation of PPP requires a clear understanding of the basic definitions and concepts underlying it. This research work is devoted to working out the content of basic definitions in the context of the establishment and development of PPPs. It examines the main terms, such as "public-private partnership", "public-private partnership", "infrastructure projects" and others, including their definition, essence and role in the formation of an effective model of cooperation between the state and the private sector. The conducted research is based on the analysis of scientific literature, legal acts and practical experience of PPP implementation in different countries of the world. It is aimed at revealing the essence and meaning of each of the definitions, highlighting the key aspects that affect their interpretation and use in practice. In addition, the work draws attention to the evolution of concepts and terms in the context of the establishment and development of PPPs over time. Taking into account the dynamics of the global market and changing economic conditions, the work analyzes the impact of new factors on the understanding and use of basic definitions in PPP practice.The main results of the study provide a clear and concrete understanding of the basic definitions of PPPs, which will contribute to improving the quality of planning, implementation and management of PPP projects. In addition, they can become the basis for further research in this area, including the development of new theoretical models and methods for assessing the effectiveness of PPPs.All this indicates the relevance of the topic and the importance of further research in order to improve PPP practice and promote sustainable economic development .

DEVELOPMENT OF PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP IN THE CHUVASH REPUBLIC

The purpose of this study is to analyze the state of public-private partnerships in the Chuvash Republic, identify the trends of their formation and propose the ways of their development. Materials and methods. The paper made use of the ratings, monthly Russia's public-private partnership market review digest, investment sites, which provide up-to-date information, an overview of public-private partnership projects in the Chuvash Republic. The main research methods were analysis and comparison. The authors made the analysis of the dynamics of the implementation of public-private partnerships in the Russian Federation, SWOT analysis of the development of public-private partnerships in the Chuvash Republic and the comparison analysis of investment sites of different regions. Research results. As a result of the detailed analysis of regional investment portals and ratings, the author found that the investment website of the Chuvash Republic, which provides examples of successful practices of public-private partnerships, is not informative enough. The analysis of the public-private partnership reveals that the Chuvash Republic ranks the last in the Volga Federal District in terms of the public-private partnership development rating, which implies there are problems in this area. There is a need for identifying the most interesting and suitable practices of implementing public-private partnerships to be used in the Chuvash Republic. Thus, as a result of the analysis of the public-private partnership development in the Chuvash Republic, the author proposes new ways to effectively develop public-private partnerships. They will help to improve the position in the public-private partnership ranking and attract investment to the Chuvash Republic. Conclusions. Thus, the article substantiates that the investment site of the Kaluga region is more complete and the most advanced, and as the first best experience, it is quite applicable when improving the investment site of the Chuvash Republic. Using the example of the experience of the Republic of Bashkortostan, the author proposes to introduce a new position at the Center for Public-Private Partnership in the Chuvash Republic – a business sheriff.

Особенности использования кластерного подхода при организации государственно-частного партнерства в сфере туризма

The study of the features of using the cluster approach in organizing public-private partnerships in the field of tourism is highly relevant in the context of the continued sanctions regime against Russia by the United States and the European Union. This is due, on the one hand, to the multiple growth of domestic tourism in many regions of Russia, and on the other, to high geopolitical risks and limited financial resources of Russian business. The article describes the dynamics of the development of public-private partnerships and its organizational features in the Russian Federation. In particular, the absolute priority of the share of concession agreements in the overall structure of public-private partnership projects in 2022 is shown; the structural differences between the initiatives of public-private partnership projects in Europe and the Russian Federation in 2020-2022 are identified, as well as the national characteristics of public-private partnerships in relation to the tourism complex, the organization of which is still a poorly developed method of improving national tourism. A significant difference between a domestic organization and a foreign one is that in Russia tourism is considered as a separate sector, while in Europe public-private partnership projects indirectly influence the improvement of tourism in the regions through the development of transport and social infrastructures. Whereas in Russia, in addition to projects of indirect importance, much attention is paid to potentially useful objects for increasing direct endogenous tourism indicators, such as the number of tourist arrivals, the number of foreign arrivals, increasing the share of tourism in GDP, passenger traffic, etc. It is concluded that a characteristic feature of the development of the tourism complex in the public-private partnership (PPP) format can be considered the use of the cluster approach as the main one. This allowed the authors to reveal a set of advantages of PPP in tourism; formulate the characteristics of a tourism cluster formed through the association of representatives of government agencies and private business; propose a scheme for the effectiveness of PPP design in tourism using a cluster approach.

MODERN MECHANISMS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS IN VOCATIONAL (VOCATIONAL AND TECHNICAL) EDUCATION IN THE POST-WAR PERIOD

The relevance of this article is defined by the need to substantiate the modern mechanisms for the development of public-private partnerships in vocational (vocational and technical) education to attract private investment and innovative technologies into professional training of skilled workers for various sectors of the economy in the post-war period. It will be based on mutually beneficial economic and organisational relations between state authorities, local governments, the private sector and vocational education institutions. The aim is to identify and justify the modern mechanisms for the development of public-private partnerships and to find out the possibilities of their use in improving the quality of vocational (vocational and technical) education in line with the demands of the labour market in the post-war period. Methods: studying of scientific sources, legislative and regulatory documents, empirical data to determine the state of public-private partnerships in the field of vocational (vocational and technical) education; theoretical analysis and synthesis, generalisation of scientific approaches to the problem under study in order to determine the mechanisms for the development of public-private partnerships in vocational (vocational and technical) education and drawing conclusions. Results: there are identified and substantiated the modern mechanisms for the development of public-private partnerships, including forms, means, and tools that are key to ensuring effective interaction between partnership participants to improve the quality of vocational (vocational and technical) education and meet the needs of the labour market in the post-war period. Conclusions: the modern mechanisms for the development of public-private partnerships in vocational (vocational and technical) education, which define the framework for cooperation between the state and the private sector and are implemented to improve the quality of vocational (vocational and technical) education, include: contract, institutional, investment, concession, leasing, franchise and project forms of partnership; means (contract for the provision of educational services, outsourcing, councils for vocational (vocational and technical) education and labour market, educational programmes, direct investment in infrastructure development, joint investment projects, leasing of equipment and technologies, leasing of educational premises; franchise of educational programmes, franchise of educational services, joint educational projects, joint research projects); instruments (service agreement, outsourcing agreement, agreement on the establishment of joint educational institutions, charter of a joint educational institution, concession agreement, agreement on the development and implementation of educational programmes, investment agreement, memorandum of understanding, leasing agreement, maintenance agreement, franchise agreement, educational services agreement, joint project implementation agreement, research cooperation agreement). Their use is key to achieving sustainable development and introducing innovations in vocational (vocational-technical) education.

Організаційне забезпечення розвитку державно-приватного партнерства

Statement of the problem. Currently, there are many problems and unresolved issues that hinder the processes of effective implementation of projects between the state and private business. Accordingly, it can be argued that there is a need for in-depth scientific research on the functioning of public-private partnerships, which actualises the direction and topic of the research in this article. Analysis of recent research and publications. The implementation of public- private partnership is studied in the publications of such scholars as Garifullin M., Degtyarev A., Kozar Y., Komarnytska H., Kosach I., Krynychko L., Krynychko F., Petryk S., Savchenko V., Stoyka S., Stoyka V. and others. They raise the issue of the national experience of public-private partnership in the context of development of investment and innovation activities, consider certain aspects of the institution of public-private partnership, in particular, as the basis of financial and economic stability of the state, study the peculiarities of development of public-private partnership in the context of decentralisation of power in Ukraine. Identification of previously unresolved parts of the general problem. The subject of this study is to analyse the organisational support for the development of public-private partnerships and to substantiate strategic directions for improving the interaction between the state and the private sector in current conditions. Summary of the basic research material. Public-private partnership is characterised as a socio-economic category within which the state and the private sector interact to implement specific projects. The implementation of a partnership between private business and the state has the advantage that it involves state support and guarantees. Today, there are many problems associated with inadequate state support for public- private partnerships in Ukraine. The article proposes strategic directions of support and development of public-private partnership in Ukraine. These include: regulatory (improvement of the legislative and regulatory framework for the implementation of public-private partnerships and bringing it in line with international norms and standards); organisational (implementation of organisational measures to strengthen the State support for public-private partnerships); motivational (focus on motivational factors for involving private entities in cooperation with the State on the basis of the latest tools and methods); and innovative (use of innovative and investment tools). Conclusions. Today, there are many problems associated with inadequate state support for public-private partnerships in Ukraine. Measures should be taken in line with the implementation of strategic directions aimed at developing public-private partnerships. The key area should be to improve the regulatory framework for the implementation of public-private partnerships and its state support, which can ensure the interaction of private business and public authorities with the highest efficiency. It is necessary to provide sufficient motivational levers based on the latest tools and methods and to apply innovative and investment tools that can bring public-private partnership to a qualitatively new level of development

Evolution of Theoretical Approaches to the Analysis of State and Business Cooperation in the Infrastructure Sphere

The classification of historical periods in the evolution of cooperation between the state and business in the infrastructural sphere by stages and forms of cooperation has been improved: antiquity (use of buyouts; competitive construction of post offices with cities, ports and harbors (manceps); infrastructural construction (precarium)) of the Middle Ages ("casual » application of PPPs; buyouts; concessions; "regalia"); the period of colonization (use of concessions for the development of new land colonies and international trade; involvement of private armed ships with their owners to solve military and trade "tasks" at sea); the origin and development of capitalism, industrialization (systematic concession legislation; capital-intensive projects; attraction of private capital in the form of concessions for the development of the utility sector); the modern stage from the middle of the 20th century. (transition from the policy of "public administration" to the "new public administration" model; "private financial initiative"; development of public-private partnership (PPP) regulation worldwide (in more than 120 countries); launch of cross-border PPP projects and projects with attracting direct foreign investment). It was determined that in France during the Middle Ages and the reign of mercantilism, the predominant role of the state in economic development, including infrastructure development, was emphasized. The state attracted private business and financed the works. Unlike mercantilists, representatives of the school of physiocrats believed that the state should not interfere in the field of entrepreneurship at all. The idea of state cooperation with private business in the development of industry by means of optimal regulation and protection from foreign competition, especially at the initial stage, was also reflected in the works of the German scientist F. List. Implementation of projects through the transfer of infrastructure objects under concession conditions to private companies allows to significantly increase their efficiency. The example of the railways of Belgium, Germany, Austria-Hungary and Switzerland shows that this form of PPP is quite competitive during the implementation of large infrastructure projects. At the same time, in order to achieve economic efficiency, such projects must be accompanied by strict state control. After the Second World War, the doctrine of a socially oriented model and a concerted strategy of economic development (concerted economy) came to the fore in economic thought. The positions of J. Keynes and moderate supporters of state intervention in the economy were dominant until the 70s. 20th century, when the ideas of "state capitalism" reached their peak. It is also necessary to note the role played by the theory of the public sector in justifying the role of the state in the economy at various stages of economic development. The state takes an active role in areas that are not attractive to private actors and are related to the generation of "public goods" to increase the level of well-being.

Planning a Risk Management System for PPP projects to Increase the Competitiveness of Business Structures

This article addresses the critical need for effective public-private partnership (further - PPP) models amidst economic, social, and political challenges in Kazakhstan. The results of the study are aimed at improving the identification of risks for making informed decisions. It delves into scientific achievements relevant to assessing business activity and nurturing entrepreneurial culture. Employing comparative analysis, the research examines domestic PPP practices, drawing insights from statistical data. The findings emphasize PPP's role in ensuring national economic competitiveness, with legislative improvements positively impacting growth. The analysis of foreign practices critically examines the evolution of public-private partnership (PPP) development in Kazakhstan by juxtaposing it with the experiences of leading nations. The United Kingdom has demonstrated successful partnership models based on transparency, clear terms, and mutually beneficial relationships, serving as an example for Kazakhstan in enhancing collaboration between the public and private sectors. The SWOT analysis identifies inefficiencies, stressing the importance of transparent project teams and systematic risk management. Sectoral insights highlight a decline in private sector involvement, emphasizing the need for regulatory improvements and risk reduction in PPP implementations. The study emphasizes PPP's indispensable role in Kazakhstan's socio-economic development, advocating for continuous reforms and advanced risk management. The proposed PPP project management algorithm aims to foster efficiency, address challenges, and stimulate economic activity, paving the way for sustainable infrastructure development.

Features of strategic planning of state policy regarding public-private partnership in the space industry of Ukraine

The article made a comprehensive analysis of the state policy on public-private partnership in the space sector of Ukraine and developed appropriate proposals for the relevant applicable regulations. The methodological basis of the article was the comparative method, which allowed to reveal of the most effective approaches to the characteristics of the state policy with a public-private partnership in the space industry of Ukraine, as well as system-structural, structural and functional methods, the method of climbing from abstract to specific. The result of the study of various aspects of the chosen topic was the formulation of the definition of state policy on public- private partnership in the space sector of Ukraine, which is proposed to be perceived as the activity of public administration entities, which is a system of goals, functions, functions and principles, formed and assigned to the legislative level which are adhered to by these subjects when solving the tasks of promoting the further development of the institution of public-private partnership in the space sector of Ukraine, and their practical work to fulfil the task of achieving certain goals. The practical consequences of the performed study are that the means of state policy on public-private partnership in the space sector of Ukraine becomes a very important tool for the implementation of state policy. The weight of the conclusions made in the study of the state with a public-private partnership in the space branch of Ukraine is a means by which an orderly public society in the form of developed public activity must be correlated objectively conditioned by socio-political needs and national interests. Ensuring the sustainable development of public-private partnership in the space sector and its existing spiritual and material opportunities, subjective wishes and goals of the rule of social strata with those real historical conditions, which determine the main tasks and directions of activity of the state with the problems of ensuring this goal. It is concluded that the implementation of this policy of the state is entrusted to the system of executive bodies. It is proved that solving the problem of differentiation of the competence of the executive authorities and the development of appropriate proposals is impossible without improving the administrative and legal status of data of the bodies.

Population prevalence determined by environmental factors as additional burden on the public healthcare and a factor causing economic losses in regions

Introduction. Regions where both ecological and sanitary-hygienic situation is unfavorable tend to have growing incidence and more frequent applications for medical aid by population in Russia and worldwide as well. 
 The purpose of this study was to assess population incidence in different regions in the country associated with poor quality of the environment as a factor creating additional burden on public healthcare institutions in a given region and probable economic losses in it.
 Materials and methods. We applied data of state medical and sanitary-hygienic statistics over 2013–2021. Medical and demographic losses associated with exposure to harmful environmental factors were quantified using step-by-step regression analysis modified by enumeration of functions for independent variables. Economic losses were estimated for diseases and deaths among population involved in producing gross regional product. 
 Results. We were able to obtain more than one hundred authentic models that provided a quantitative association between population prevalence and violations of hygienic standards regulating quality of the environment. We established that between 2.9 and 5.8 million diseases associated with environmental factors were annually detected in the country over the last 10 years. Burden on regional healthcare systems grew in regions with obviously high levels of pollution in ambient air and drinking water; this gain grows up to 12.55%. In 2021, losses of gross regional products due to diseases and deaths caused by violations of hygienic standards regulating quality of the environment exceeded 170.6 billion rubles. 
 Limitations of the study. A set of factors included into modeling can be considered a certain limitation of the present study. 
 Conclusion. It seems quite relevant to coordinate efforts by different ministries and departments in the sphere of public health protection in Russia. It is also advisable to consider a peculiar sanitary-hygienic situation in a given region when calculating scopes of necessary funding for a regional healthcare system. Development of public-private partnerships seems another vital trend in health protection within efforts aimed at reducing impacts on the environment and implementing medical and prevention programs for population.

Public-private partnership as a tool to stimulate innovation in the scientific and technical sphere

In a market economy, it is important to improve the technology of work and the efficiency of resource management. One of the most effective ways to attract investments for their development is to use the mechanism of public-private partnership (PPP). PPP occupies an important place in the economy, affects the development of entrepreneurship, production, social sphere and modernization of the economy. With limited budgetary resources, PPP can also be considered as a new mechanism for attracting investments into the country's economy. In the article the authors tried to determine whether the interests of the state and entrepreneurship in the innovation sphere coincide to the greatest extent, and whether the joint resource power of the parties can contribute to the growth of priority sectors of the economy, increase the share of Kazakhstani goods and services in the foreign market of high-tech and knowledge-intensive products. In this regard, the authors propose a methodology and mechanism proving that the successful solution of innovative directions of entrepreneurship development in the regions of the Republic of Kazakhstan can be developed on the basis of the PPP mechanism. The implementation of innovation policy based on this idea and position is impossible without joint and coordinated work of the state and business sectors at all stages of the innovation process. The authors have comprehensively studied the role of the mechanism of public-private partnership in the innovative development of entrepreneurship. In addition, the modern conditions, when the financial and economic crisis has aggravated in the Republic of Kazakhstan, in which there are problems in the development of PPP, considered in the article deeply and comprehensively, are taken into account. A high level of management of innovation processes in private entrepreneurial structures functioning on the basis of PPP is envisaged as a mechanism for activation of innovative development of the country.

Development of Public-Private Partnerships in Russia from 2015 to 2023

Public-private partnership (PPP) is a financial instrument that allows attracting private investment in the development of social infrastructure and allocating budget funds more efficiently. The goals of this tool are to improve the quality of life of the population and raise the welfare of the country. Within the framework of the theory of a mixed economy, the state, through PPP, abandons inefficient forms of management, shifting the management of state property and various responsibilities to the private sector, which brings organizational experience and various innovations to production, invests its own funds in the development of the enterprise and minimizes the risks of entrepreneurial activity. The important aspect of exploring the opportunities that public-private partnership brings for the Russian Federation and private business is to consider the development of PPP over the past few years. Taking into account the stated fact, a small study was conducted, consisting in the analysis of the development of public-private partnership in Russia in the period from 2015 to 2023.

Государственно-частное партнерство в системе здравоохранения Хабаровского края

Relevance The tasks set for the healthcare system require the attraction of significant resources, primarily financial ones. Public-private partnership (hereinafter referred to as PPP) can become an effective tool for solving some of the tasks set, attract investments and become a serious inductor in the implementation of infrastructure projects, the construction of modern medical organizations. Some forms of PPP may make it possible to raise additional funds for the provision of medical care and the expansion of paid medical services. All this requires a more detailed scientific study of the forms of interaction between PPPs in the healthcare sector. Purpose and objectives of the study The purpose of the study is to increase the effectiveness of interaction between the state and business in the health care of Khabarovsk Krai by developing a set of measures using public-private partnership tools. The objectives of the study included the study of publications and the legal framework, the structure of financing in the system of compulsory health insurance, the study of the level of awareness and willingness to involve healthcare organizers of medical organizations in Khabarovsk Krai in PPP processes, as well as the study of infrastructure facilities subordinate to the Ministry of Health of Khabarovsk Krai. Materials and methods The study used data from open sources, including regulatory legal acts, publications and articles on PPP issues, studied open data from the territorial fund of compulsory medical insurance of Khabarovsk Krai, data from the unified state register of real estate. Also, a survey of health care organizers was conducted using a questionnaire specially designed for the study. Results A classification of public-private partnerships in healthcare has been developed, and the main forms of interaction have been identified. It was determined that from 2020 to 2022, funding for non-state medical organizations increased by 15 %: from 1.001.741.1 thousand rubles to 1.151.886.0 thousand rubles. There is a predominance of funding, including in 2022, of organizations of the Russian Railways system (627.552.0 thousand rubles), as well as organizations providing hemodialysis services (195.913.0 thousand rubles) and radiation diagnostics (219. 265.0 thousand rubles) PPP forms are actively used to solve social problems under the “Older Generation” program, funding for ophthalmology has been significantly increased, the dynamics compared to 2020 is +1975 %. According to the results of a survey of healthcare organizers, 2/3 of the respondents see development prospects, 44 % consider outsourcing to be the most promising, 26 % – concession agreements, 92 % indicate an insufficient level of awareness on PPP issues, 90 % expressed their willingness to take part in educational events. In total, the subordinate organizations of the Ministry of Health of Khabarovsk Krai have 1.369 premises and buildings, 419 (30.1 %) of them are used to provide the main function of medical organizations, and 950 are auxiliary. 187 (44.6 %) out of 419 have over 80 % wear and tear, need either reconstruction, major repairs, or are subject to demolition and construction of new facilities. Conclusion The results of the study allow us to fix the main parameters of the healthcare industry, determine ways for further improvement, and develop a set of measures for the development of public-private partnerships in healthcare. It is necessary to conduct an in-depth scientific study of PPP with the involvement of economists, specialists in the field of state and municipal administration, healthcare organizers, undergraduates and graduate students. A comprehensive comprehensive study will significantly increase the effectiveness of measures to develop public-private partnerships in Khabarovsk Krai.

Public-private partnership in the Russian Federation at the present stage: Trends and problems of development

Aim. To generalize the trends and problems of public-private partnership (PPP) development in the Russian Federation (RF) at the present stage.Objectives. To perform a brief review of the history of PPP development in Russia; to disclose the essence of theoretical provisions regarding the features and principles of PPP; to analyze the data characterizing the development of PPP in 2018–2022 in terms of the number and types of projects, the amount of financing raised, the levels of their implementation (federal, regional, municipal); to study the features of the implementation of the concept of “PPP for the benefit of people” in modern Russian practice.Methods. With the help of general methods of scientific cognition in various aspects, the authors have considered the features, trends and problems of PPP development in Russia, characteristic of the current state, as well as determined the general directions of their solution.Results. PPP is a modern method of attracting private capital to solve socio-economic problems of development of industries and territories. Its features are revealed through economic, social, financial, legal, managerial, political sides. The actual set of principles includes expediency, efficiency, legality, priority of public interests, responsibility of the parties to obligations, information transparency. The world practice has accumulated experience in the use of various PPP projects. The modern trend is the inclusion of sustainable development goals in the PPP development concept, which significantly modernizes approaches to the selection of PPP projects. The main trends of PPP development in Russia include the predominance of PPP projects implemented by type (concession agreements), number (municipal level projects), financing volumes (regional level projects), specific financial capacity (federal level projects); expansion of the range of sectors, objects, introduction of new measures, tools and mechanisms for the development and modernization of social infrastructure, ensuring technological sovereignty. The multiplicity of problems of PPP development in Russia is caused by legal, macroeconomic, personnel, political, managerial factors, which determines the need for continuous improvement of organizational, legal, financial and economic mechanisms.Conclusions. The study of trends and problems of PPP development in Russia allows not only to identify the national specifics of attracting private capital to solve problems of socio-economic development, but also to identify ways, directions of improving the welfare of the population, the growth of competitiveness of individual territories on the basis of a fuller use of entrepreneurial potential of regions.

PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP’S ASCENT AND FALL IN EUROPE

PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP’S ASCENT AND FALL IN EUROPE

Public–private partnership (PPP): theory of the issue and world experience in implementing PPP projects

The public–private partnership aims on a contractual basis to develop a property complex owned by the State by right. However, the influence of private business should not be underestimated, as it is often the initiative of private organizations in the desire to influence some problems in various spheres lead to effective interaction between the state and business. Investment is an integral part of public–private partnerships. Many people, despite the rapid steps forward of modern society, associate investment with very complex financial processes. Investment in its essence is a tool that benefits participants of investment cooperation.The subject of this study is the definition, on the basis of the theory of public–private partnership, of the main trends in PPPs in the world and in Russia. The authors substantiated that infrastructure, especially in the case of our country, is one of the key areas of PPP development, along with environmental conservation and balanced use of all types of resources. The world is constantly in motion, and many examples and experiences are currently irrelevant or questionable. We need to look at this issue from the experience of other countries and specific enterprises.  

Ways of improving the public-private partnership in the sphere of cyber security of Ukraine

The article examines the content and forms of public-private partnership in the field of cyber security in Ukraine, the relevance of this direction in the context of cyber security of Ukraine. The experience of the USA and the EU in the field of public-private partnership development is analyzed. Actual areas of improvement of public-private partnership are proposed. Proposals for improving the current legislation of Ukraine regarding such a partnership in the field of cyber security have been formulated.

Public-private partnership in the agrarian sector: conceptual framework for development

The article deals with the conceptual framework for the development of public-private partnership (PPP) in the agricultural sector of Ukraine. The author substantiates the need to reorient the model of agricultural development to the principles of deeper interaction between the State and business, one of the key mechanisms for ensuring which is PPP, which is carried out on a contractual basis to achieve a common goal by combining resources to obtain certain benefits for each participant. The purpose of the study is to develop a conceptual framework for the development of PPPs in the agricultural sector of Ukraine. The study shows a low level of implementation of PPP projects (18 projects out of 193, or 9,3 %) and its rather slow development in our country's economy, mainly due to legislative obstacles. It is substantiated that in the current conditions the issue of partnership development is extremely relevant, since budgetary funds are not enough to implement large-scale projects in wartime. Therefore, involvement of private partners and the use of mechanisms for building long-term relationships with them is essential. The author emphasizes the need for real changes in the implementation of PPP investment projects in agriculture, clarification of the tools for ensuring its development and their adaptation to sectoral issues, which requires the development of a Concept for the Development of Public-Private Partnership in the Agricultural Sector of Ukraine. The study argues that it is necessary to develop a unified approach to the development of PPPs, to determine the priority areas of application of such partnerships and the specifics of its use in solving the problems of agricultural development. The main factors hindering the development of such cooperation are identified and the main objectives of the Concept for the Development of Public-Private Partnership in the Agricultural Sector of Ukraine are substantiated. It is proved that improvement of PPP procedures will help to expand the scope of its application, accessibility, speed and scale of projects, as well as adaptation of such an investment support mechanism to the conditions of wartime/peace time. The article summarizes the main ways of activating PPPs as a mechanism for attracting investment in the reconstruction and development of the agricultural sector of Ukraine's economy. The fulfillment of these tasks will contribute to the revitalization of the use of PPPs in solving the problems of agricultural production development, development of the institutional framework for its implementation in Ukraine, in particular, the adoption of strategic directions for this development in the short and long term. Key words: state, concept, private partner, public-private partnership, agricultural sector, PPP projects, investment resources, development.